verbsecond conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
iaceō
iaceō (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, future active participle iacitūrus)
Classical[ˈja.ke.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈjaː.t͡ʃe.o]
№ 228 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to lie prostrate, lie down; recline
Cur in terra iaces?
“Why are you lying on the ground?”pauper ubīque iacet
and everywhere the poor man lies prostrated8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.218 - to be sick, lie ill
- to linger, stop, tarry, remain
- to be placed or situated, lie
- to be low, flat or level
- to lie still
- to have fallen, lie dead
- to lie in ruins
- to hang down loose
- to be fixed on the ground or cast down
- to be indolent, idle or inactive
- to be of no avail, lie dormant or abandoned
- to lodge, dwell, abide
- to lie overthrown; to be refuted, fail; to be despised
- to be languid, dull or lifeless
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in terrā vel in lectō sum, nōn stō; quī dormit, iacet.iaceō -ēre — in Mille Verba, Corpus Hūmānum
to lie (fallen)
iaceō -ēre — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 9, 25
lie
iaceō -ēre — in De Bello Gallico II
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Cubare · Jacere · Situm esse
Cubare (from κείω) denotes the lying down of living beings; situm esse (ἑτόν, εἶσαι) of lifeless things; jacere, of both. Cubare and jacere are neuter; situm esse, always passive. Further, cubare gives the image of one who is tired, who wishes to recruit his strength, in opp. to standing, as requiring exertion, whereas jacere gives the image of one who is weak, without any accessory notion, in opp. to standing, as a sign of strength. (i. 138.)
Conjugation conjugation 2 future no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iaceō | iacēbam | iacēbō | iacuī | iacueram | iacuerō |
| 2nd sg. | iacēs | iacēbās | iacēbis | iacuistī | iacuerās | iacueris |
| 3rd sg. | iacet | iacēbat | iacēbit | iacuit | iacuerat | iacuerit |
| 1st pl. | iacēmus | iacēbāmus | iacēbimus | iacuimus | iacuerāmus | iacuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | iacētis | iacēbātis | iacēbitis | iacuistis | iacuerātis | iacueritis |
| 3rd pl. | iacent | iacēbant | iacēbunt | iacuērunt iacuēre | iacuerant | iacuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iaceam | iacērem | iacuerim | iacuissem |
| 2nd sg. | iaceās | iacērēs | iacuerīs | iacuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | iaceat | iacēret | iacuerit | iacuisset |
| 1st pl. | iaceāmus | iacērēmus | iacuerīmus | iacuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | iaceātis | iacērētis | iacuerītis | iacuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | iaceant | iacērent | iacuerint | iacuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | iacē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | iacēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | iacētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | iacētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | iacētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | iacentō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | iacēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | iacuisse | — |
| future infinitive | iacitūrum esse | — |
| present participle | iacēns iacente, iacentem, iacentēs, iacentī, iacentia, iacentibus, iacentis, iacentīs, iacentium | — |
| future participle | iacitūrus iacitūra, iacitūrā, jacitūra, jacitūrā, iacitūrae, jacitūrae, iacitūram, jacitūram, iacitūrārum, jacitūrārum, iacitūrās, jacitūrās, iacitūre, jacitūre, iacitūrī, jacitūrī, iacitūrīs, jacitūrīs, iacitūrō, jacitūrō, iacitūrōrum, jacitūrōrum, iacitūrōs, jacitūrōs, iacitūrum, jacitūrum | — |
gerundiacendī, iacendō, iacendumsupinejacitum, jacitū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- ancoras iacere
- to drop anchor.
- in malis iacere
- to be broken down by misfortune.
- pecunia iacet otiosa
- the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle.
- minas iacere, iactare
- to use threats.
- fundamenta iacere, agere
- to lay the foundations.
- in sordibus luctuque iacēre
- to be in great trouble, affliction.
- voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
- to let fall an expression.
- tela iacere, conicere, mittere
- to discharge missiles.
9 more phrases
- in oblivione iacēre (of persons)
- to be forgotten, pass into oblivion.
- vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
- to raise a rampart, earthwork.
- litterae iacent, neglectae iacent
- scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb.
- vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre
- to be seriously ill.
- iacēre (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...)
- to be politically annihilated.
- aegritudine afflictum, debilitatum esse, iacēre
- to be bowed down, prostrated by grief.
- ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
- to prostrate oneself before a person.
- excitare animum iacentem et afflictum (opp. frangere animum)
- to inspire the spiritless and prostrate with new vigour.
- philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...)
- philosophy is neglected, at low ebb.
jăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum (
I. fut. part. jaci-turus, Stat. Th. 7, 777), 2, v. n. intr. of jacio; lit., to be thrown or cast; hence, to lie.
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
in limine, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: stratum ad pedes alicujus, id. Quint. 31, 96; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: alicui ad pedes, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129: in lecto, id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; Juv. 6, 269: in ignota harena, Verg. A. 5, 871: Tyrio sublimis in ostro, Ov. H. 12, 179: in viridi gramine, id. Am. 1, 14, 22: in teneris dominae lacertis, id. ib. 1, 13, 5: in solo, id. M. 2, 420: in viduo toro, id. H. 16, 316: in gremio, id. ib. 9, 136; 11, 4: in servi complexibus, Juv. 6, 279; for which: saxum campo quod forte jacebat, Verg. A. 12, 897: deserto lecto, Ov. H. 1, 7: saxo, id. M. 6, 100: gremio mariti, Juv. 2, 120: in aversa ora, Ov. H. 12, 63: super corpus alicujus, id. F. 2, 836: somno, Verg. E. 6, 14: spissa harena, id. A. 6, 336: humo, Ov. A. A. 2, 238: nudus humi jacet, Lucr. 5, 224; Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26; Ov. Am. 3, 1, 12: humi ante lectum jacens, Suet. Oth. 7: mecum inter salices lenta sub vite jacere, Verg. E. 10, 40: sub alta platano, Hor. C. 2, 11, 14: strata jacent sub arbore poma, Verg. E. 7, 54.—Absol.: Tityos jacet alitis esca, Verg. Cul. 237: vittae jacentes, Tib. 2, 5, 53: pisces jacentes, i. e. flatfish, Col. 8, 17, 9.—B. In partic.
1. Of sick persons, to lie ill, to be sick:
cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim, Cic. Fam. 9, 20: cum tristj morbo defessa jaceres, Tib. 1, 5, 9: hic facit ut jaceas, Ov. H. 20, 173: graviter, Plin. Ep. 5. 9: sine spe, Sen. Ep. 101, 3.—2. To lie dead, to have fallen:
Aeacidae telo jacet Hector, Verg. A. 1, 99; 10, 737: corpora per campos ferro quae fusa jacebant, id. ib. 11, 102: cum primi occidissent, proximi jacentibus insisterent, Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3; 7, 25, 3: neminem jacentem veste spoliavit, Nep. Thras. 2, 6; cf.: spolia jacentis hostium exercitus, Liv. 44, 45: ne inultos imperatores suos jacere sinerent, id. 25, 37: qui bene pro patria cum patriaque jacent, Ov. H. 3, 106: Arge, jaces! id. M. 1, 720: morte jacent merita, id. F. 3, 707: fratri jacet, killed by his brother, Sil. 15, 650: rupto jacuit corpore (rana), Phaedr. 1, 24, 10: jacuit Catilina cadavere toto, Juv. 10, 288.—3. To be or lie long anywhere, to linger, tarry, stop at a place:
pernam, glandium, sumen facito in aqua jaceant, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 33: Brundusii, to stay long at, Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2.—4. Geographically, to lie, be situate, = esse, situm esse (not in Cic. or Cæs.): jacet Vada inter Appenninum et Alpis, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2; Liv. 5, 48, 2; 6, 30, 5; 22, 3, 3:
inter Taurum montem jacet et Hellespontem, Nep. Eum. 3, 2 saep.: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam, id. Dat. 4: ad vesperam jacentis terrae, Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 216: summo in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet, Verg. A. 11, 527: quod urbes in planis jaceant, Just. 22, 5, 5: alio patriam quaerunt sub sole jacentem, Verg. G. 2, 512: jacet extra sidera tellus, id. A. 6, 795; cf.: pallente sub umbra Cimmerias jacuisse domos, Sil. 12, 132: inter eos solemque jacent immania ponti aequora, Lucr. 4, 412; cf.: Cyclades et Sporades per quingenta milia in longitudinem ... jacent, extend, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 71.—5. To be low, flat, level:
jacentia et plana urbis loca, Tac. H. 1, 86: despiciens terras jacentīs, Verg. A. 1, 224: praetervehor Thapsum jacentem, id. ib. 3, 689; Val. Fl. 4, 712: quaeque jacent valles, Ov. F. 2, 392; Just. 22, 5, 5: jacentes campos, Luc. 4, 52: summo despexit ab aethere terras Infelix Phaëthon penitus penitusque jacentes, Ov. M. 2, 178.—6. Esp., of the sea, to be level, quiet, lie still:
mediusque jacet sine murmure pontus, Luc. 1, 260; 5, 434: servatum bello jacuit mare, id. 3, 523: planum mare, Juv. 12, 62: stagna jacentia, Sil. 5, 583.—7. To lie in ruins, be broken down: cui nec arae patriae domi stant, fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. Rel. v. 115 Vahl.):
jacent, Ilion ingens, Ov. M. 13, 505: ausa et jacentem visere regiam vultu sereno, Hor. C. 1, 37, 25: Troja jacet certe, Ov. H. 1, 3: vetus Thebe jacet, Juv. 15, 6.—8. To hang loose:
vagi crines per colla jacebant, Ov. M. 2, 673; id. A. A. 3, 236: jacentia lora, lying loose on the horse's neck, id. M. 2, 201; cf., of clothing, etc.: juvenes timidaeque puellae Praeverrunt latas veste jacente vias, id. Am. 3, 13, 24: demissa jacent tibi pallia terrae, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; id. A. A. 153.— 9. Of the eyes, face, etc., to be cast down, fixed on the ground:
vultusque attolle jacentes, Ov. M. 4, 144: jacentes Vix oculos tollens, id. ib. 11, 618.II. Trop.
A. To be indolent or inactive, not to come forward:
in pace jacere, quam in bello vigere maluit. Quamquam ille quidem numquam jacuit, Cic. Phil. 10, 7, 14: C. Marius cum a spe consulatus longe abesset et jam septimum annum post praeturam jaceret, id. Off. 3, 20, 79: ars tua, Tiphy, jacet, si non sit in aequore fluctus, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 77: at mea numina tandem fessa jacent, Verg. A. 7, 298.—B. To be cast down, dejected:
Gnaeus noster ut totus jacet, Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1: ne jaceam? quis unquam minus, id. ib. 12, 40, 2: jacet in maerore meus frater, id. ib. 10, 4; id. Phil. 12, 2: militum jacere animos, Liv. 10, 35.—C. To lie prostrate:
victa jacet pietas, Ov. M. 1, 149: nobilitas sub amore jacet, id. H. 4, 161: Africani, Marii, Sullae, Pompeii infra Pallantis laudes jacebant, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2: justitia vacillat, vel jacet potius, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 118: humana cum vita jaceret, oppressa gravi sub religione, Lucr. 1, 63.—D. To be refuted, overcome, disproved, to fail:
jacent suis testibus, qui Clodium negant Romam fuisse rediturum, etc., Cic. Mil. 18, 47: jacet omnis ratio Peripateticorum, id. Fin. 5, 28, 86: jacet igitur tota conclusio, id. Div. 2, 51, 106.—E. To lie dormant, be disused or neglected, to be of no avail:
cum leges nihil valebant, cum judicia jacebant, Cic. Par. 4, 1: tota Capua et omnis hic delectus jacet, id. Att. 7, 22: dici non potest, quomodo hic omnia jaceant, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6: justitia jacet, Cic. Off. 3, 33: maximas virtutes jacere omnes necesse est voluptate dominante, id. Fin. 2, 35, 117; Quint. 9, 2, 4.—F. To be despised, in no esteem:
cum jacerent pretia praediorum, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: ut neque jacere regem pateremur, id. Fam. 1, 5, 3: sed nunc omnia ista jacere puto, propter nummorum caritatem, are cheap, id. Att. 9, 9, 4: dat census honores, Census amicitias: pauper ubique jacet, Ov. F. 1, 218; id. R. Am 139.—G. To lie idle, neglected, or unemployed:
cur tamdiu jacet hoc nomen in adversariis, Cic. Rosc. Com. 3: quomodo tibi tanta pecunia extraordinaria jacet? id. ib. 1: quae (pecuniae) vereor, ne otiosae jaceant, Plin. Ep. 10, 62, 1: nonne justius erit proximo cuique bonorum possessionem dari, ne bona jaceant, that they be not without an owner, Dig. 37, 3, 1.—H. To lie open, be obvious, to be known, be at hand:
neque ex alio genere (verborum) ad usum cottidianum, alio ad scenam pompamque sumuntur, sed ea nos cum jacentia sustulimus e medio, Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177.—I. Of speech or language, to be languid, lifeless, dull:
quibus detractis, jacet (oratio), Quint. 9, 2, 4: jacens oratio, Gell. 1, 11, 15; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 32.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
iaceō cuī, —, ēre
IA-, to lie, be recumbent, be prostrate, lie at rest: in limine: quorum ad pedes iacuit stratus: mihi ad pedes: in harenā, V.: saxum campo iacebat, V.: gremio mariti, Iu.: somno, V.: humi: lentā sub vite, V.: super corpus, O.— To lie i<*>, be ill: te iacente.—To lie dead, have fallen: Corpora per campos iacebant, V.: inultos imperatores iacere sinere, L.: Arge, iaces! O.: iacuit Catilina cadavere. toto, Iu.—To lie long, linger, tarry, stop: Brundusi.—To lie, be situate: campi, qui Faesulas inter Arretiumque iacent, L.: summo in vertice montis, V.—To lie low, be flat, be level: despiciens terras iacentīs, V.: quaeque iacent valles, O.: Postquam iacuit planum mare, was stilled, Iu.—To lie in ruins, be broken down: fractae et disiectae (arae) iacent, Enn. ap. C.: Thebe iacet, Iu.—To hang loose: crines per colla iacebant, O.: iacentia lora, loose on the neck, O.— Fig., to rest, be inactive, be in retirement: in pace: septimum annum.—To be cast down, be dejected: ut totus iacet: militum iacere animos, L.—To lie prostrate, be powerless: victa iacet pietas, O.: mea numina iacent, V.—To fall, be refuted, be disproved, fail: suis testibus: iacet ratio Peripateticorum. —To lie dormant, be disused, be neglected, be of no avail: omnis hic delectus iacet: iustitia iacet: tibi pecunia.—To be low, be despised, be in no esteem: cum iacerent pretia praediorum, were low: iacere regem pati: pauper ubique iacet, O.—To lie idle, be neglected: cur iacet hoc nomen in adversariis, i. e. is not posted.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*(H)yeh₁-
- Latiniaceō
Proto-Indo-European *(H)yéh₁kt ~ *(H)ih₁kéntder. Latin iaciō Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *-ējō Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ēō Latin -eō Latin iaceō From iaciō (“to throw”) + -eō (stative suffix). Formed as the stative counterpart to iaciō, following a semantic development of "to be thrown" > "to lie."
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanjaurefrom Old Catalan jaure
- Catalanjeurefrom Old Catalan jaure
- Occitanjàserfrom Old Occitan jazer
- Occitanjairefrom Old Occitan jazer
- Occitanjaguerfrom Old Occitan jazer
- Franco-Provençaljere
- Franco-Provençaljore
- Old Frenchgesir
Insular Romance
- Sardinianjachere
- Sardinianjaghere
- Sardiniangiaghere
Vulgar Latin
- Italiangiacigliofrom unknown iacilium
- Occitanjatzfrom unknown iacium
- Frenchjasfrom unknown iacium
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianzăcea
- Romanianzăcere
- Aromaniandzac, dzãtseari, dzatsiri
- Istro-Romanianzåc
- Megleno-Romanianzac, zățeari
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesejazerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese jazer
- Spanishyacerfrom Old Spanish yazer
- Aragonesechacer
- Galicianxacerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese jazer
- Asturianxacerfrom Old Leonese iazer
- Leonesexacerefrom Old Leonese iazer
- Leoneseyacerefrom Old Leonese iazer
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiangiacere
- Corsicanghjacè
- Neapolitanjacere
- Sicilianjàciri
- Venetanxaser
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianjessi
- Romanshgiaschair
- Romanshscher
Borrowings
- Idojacar
- Interlinguajacer
In English words that came into English from iaceō
- gistiacēre
- adjacentadiacēns
- ease*adjacem
- subjacentsubiaceō
- prejacentpraeiacens
- superjacentsuperjacēns
- jacentjacens
- circumjacentcirca