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“remain” in Latin

The English word remain itself goes back to Latin maneō, through remaneō.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

remain
To continue to be, to last, endure, manere, permanere: durare (to endure): stare (to stand). As long as the remembrance of Roman affairs shall remain, dum memoria rerum Romanarum manebit: to remain for whole ages, durare per saecula [Vid: also CONTINUE, Intransitive].
To continue to be in a certain state, or to have certain properties, manere: permanere. I am and remain thy friend, *et sum et ero semper tibi amicus; *me semper tui studiosum habebis: to remain lying, non surgere (not to rise): to remain unmovable, immobilem manere (PROP.); immobilem se ostendere (Tac., figuratively); moveri or flecti non posse (not to suffer his determination to be shaken): to remain alive, in vita manere or remanere: to remain safe and sound, salvum atque incolumem conservari: to remain in one’s habit or custom, in consuetudine perseverare; institutum suum tenere (opposed to a consuetudine declinare). To remain firm to one’s purpose, in proposito persistere or perseverare (opposed to declinare or degredi a proposito). To remain true to ones promise, promissis stare: to remain unhurt, nihil mali nancisci: to remain silent, tacere; taciturn teneri: let that remain as a secret between us, haec tu tecum habeto; haec tu tibi solum dicta puta; secreto hoc audi, tecumque habeto; haec tibi in aurem dixerim; haec lapidi dixerim (☞ sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim is not Latin): it remains, manet. Tiberius remained unmoved by those speeches, immotum adversus eos sermones fixumque Tiberio fuit (followed by an infinitive, Tac., Ann., 1, 47, init.).
To continue in a place, manere; morari, commorari (to tarry): sustinere se in aliquo loco (to stay any where because it is dangerous to proceed; or waiting for intelligence; Vid: Cic., Att., 10, 2, init.): consistere (to make a halt): considere (to lie anywhere; especially of ships after a voyage): to remain the night anywhere, manere (e.g., extra domum, inter vicos or inter vias; Vid: Suet., Oct., 39): pernoctare (e.g., apud aliquem, in publico): to remain in bed, se continere in lectulo: to remain in the camp, castris se tenere (of all who are there); in castris subsidere (of some, while others go away). Remain a little longer, mane paullisper: to invite one (who is about to go away) to remain, invitatione familiari retinere aliquem: to remain at a distance from anybody (i. e., to avoid his society), alicujus aditum sermonemque defugere. Hence figuratively,
Not to come at the time when one is expected, to remain behind, morari (to stay away too long): cunctari (to delay): non venire (not to come).
To be over and above, manere: reliquum esse, relinqui (to be left): superesse (to be over): superstitem esse (to have survived): *tria si subduxeris a tribus (or tria de tribus detracta) nihil faciunt reliqui (nothing remains).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for remain?
The usual Latin words for “remain” are maneō, permaneō, dūrō; also stō, moror, commoror. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.