verbfirst conjugation
dūrō
dūrō (present infinitive dūrāre, perfect active dūrāvī, supine dūrātum)
Classical[ˈduː.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈduː.ro]
Meaning
- transitiveto harden, make hard
- intransitiveto last or endure
Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.
Endure, and preserve yourselves for better things.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.207 - to dry
- Medieval Latinto extend (to)
- transitiveto make insensible, dull, blunt
- transitiveto bear, endure, resist
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
dūrus factusdūrātus -a -um — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 14
maneō, persistōdūrō -āre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 4
fortis maneō, nōn cēdōdūrō -āre — in Aeneis, ch. 2
harden
dūrō -āre — in De Bello Gallico II and De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dūrō | dūrābam | dūrābō | dūrāvī | dūrāveram dūrāram | dūrāverō dūrārō |
| 2nd sg. | dūrās | dūrābās | dūrābis | dūrāvistī dūrāstī | dūrāverās dūrārās | dūrāveris dūrāris |
| 3rd sg. | dūrat | dūrābat | dūrābit | dūrāvit dūrāt | dūrāverat dūrārat | dūrāverit dūrārit |
| 1st pl. | dūrāmus | dūrābāmus | dūrābimus | dūrāvimus dūrāmus | dūrāverāmus dūrārāmus | dūrāverimus dūrārimus |
| 2nd pl. | dūrātis | dūrābātis | dūrābitis | dūrāvistis dūrāstis | dūrāverātis dūrārātis | dūrāveritis dūrāritis |
| 3rd pl. | dūrant | dūrābant | dūrābunt | dūrāvērunt dūrārunt, dūrāvēre | dūrāverant dūrārant | dūrāverint dūrārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dūrem | dūrārem | dūrāverim dūrārim | dūrāvissem dūrāssem |
| 2nd sg. | dūrēs | dūrārēs | dūrāverīs dūrārīs | dūrāvissēs dūrāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | dūret | dūrāret | dūrāverit dūrārit | dūrāvisset dūrāsset |
| 1st pl. | dūrēmus | dūrārēmus | dūrāverīmus dūrārīmus | dūrāvissēmus dūrāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | dūrētis | dūrārētis | dūrāverītis dūrārītis | dūrāvissētis dūrāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | dūrent | dūrārent | dūrāverint dūrārint | dūrāvissent dūrāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dūror | dūrābar | dūrābor |
| 2nd sg. | dūrāris dūrāre | dūrābāris dūrābāre | dūrāberis dūrābere |
| 3rd sg. | dūrātur | dūrābātur | dūrābitur |
| 1st pl. | dūrāmur | dūrābāmur | dūrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | dūrāminī | dūrābāminī | dūrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | dūrantur | dūrābantur | dūrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | dūrer | dūrārer |
| 2nd sg. | dūrēris dūrēre | dūrārēris dūrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | dūrētur | dūrārētur |
| 1st pl. | dūrēmur | dūrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | dūrēminī | dūrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | dūrentur | dūrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | dūrā | dūrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | dūrāte | dūrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | dūrātō | dūrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | dūrātō | dūrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | dūrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | dūrantō | dūrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | dūrāre | dūrārī |
| perfect infinitive | dūrāvisse dūrāsse | dūrātum esse |
| future infinitive | dūrātūrum esse | dūrātum īrī |
| present participle | dūrāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | dūrātus dūrāta, dūrātā, dūrātae, dūrātam, dūrātārum, dūrātās, dūrātī, dūrātōrum, dūrātōs |
| future participle | dūrātūrus dūrātūra, dūrātūrā, dūrātūrae, dūrātūram, dūrātūrārum, dūrātūrās, dūrātūre, dūrātūrī, dūrātūrīs, dūrātūrō, dūrātūrōrum, dūrātūrōs, dūrātūrum | dūrandus dūranda, dūrandā, dūrandae, dūrandam, dūrandārum, dūrandās, dūrande, dūrandīs, dūrandōrum, dūrandōs |
gerunddūrandī, dūrandō, dūrandumsupinedūrātum, dūrātū
dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. durus,
I. to make hard, to harden (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.).
I. Lit.
(a). Act.:
quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc., Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.: coria (with condurare ferrum), id. 6, 970; cf. cutis, Ov. M. 4, 577: caementa calce (opp. interlita luto), Liv. 21, 11: ova in aqua, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 45: pontus frigore, Ov. P. 4, 9, 85: nives solo, Hor. C. 3, 24, 39: aqua salibus, i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.: ungulas (mularum), id. 6, 37, 11: ferrum ictibus, Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149: guttas in grana, id. 12, 19, 42, § 94: uvam fumo, i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.—In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin.—In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.).— (b). Neutr.:
tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere, Verg. E. 6, 35; so, vino minime durante, uva maxime, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37.—II. Trop.
A. (Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.).
1. Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.):
opere in duro membra manusque, Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.: membra animumque, Hor. S. 1, 4, 119: umeros ad vulnera, Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, * Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.: exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum, Vell. 2, 78, 2: cor, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf. mentem, Tac. A. 3, 15 al.: ab duratis usu armorum pulsi, Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28: durati bellis, id. 42, 52: vitia durantur, grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37.— 2. Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out:
durare nequeo in aedibus, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis, Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.: nequeo durare, quin, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22: durare nequeo quin intro eam, id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26.—(b). With acc., to bear, endure (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
patior quemvis durare laborem, Verg. A. 8, 577: quascumque vias, Stat. S. 5, 2, 153; and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor, Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.: (vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos, Pall. Febr. 9, 1.—(g). With inf.:
non quis parumper durare opperier, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5.—b. In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44:
uti quam diutissime durent oleae, Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3: omnem durare per aevom, Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.: neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus), Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561: ad posteros virtus durabit, Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41: maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui, Tac. G. 33: durante originis vi, id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3: durante bello, Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.: munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais, are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.—With inf.: ut vivere durent, Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.—In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live: narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt, Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30.—B. (Acc. to durus, II. B.)
1. Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.):
aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula, Hor. Epod. 16, 65: ad plagas durari, Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. § 12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato, Tac. H. 4, 59.—Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.—Pass.: linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur, to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—2. Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.):
ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis, Quint. 9, 2, 88: in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.: usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia, Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
dūrō āvī ātus, āre
durus.
I. I. Trans, to make hard, harden, solidify : fumo uvam, dry , H.: calor durat (terram), V.: caementa calce durata, L.: solo nives, H.: undam in glaciem, Tb.—Fig., to harden with use, make hardy, inure : membra animumque, H.: umeros ad volnera, V.: hoc se labore, Cs.: adversus mala duratus, L.— To render hard, make insensible, dull, blunt : ferro (Iuppiter) duravit saecula, H. — To bear, endure, resist : laborem, V.: Vix durare carinae Possunt Aequor, H. —
II. II. Intrans, to grow hard : Tum durare solum Coeperit, V.— To be inured, be patient, wait, persevere, endure, hold out : hic, T.: in labore sub pellibus, L.: Durate et vosmet servate, V. — Pass impers. : nec durari extra tecta poterat, L. — To hold out, continue, last, remain : totidem per annos, V.: duret gentibus odium sui, Ta.: durante originis vi, Ta.: eadem horam durare probantes, H.: durando saecula vincit, V.: in hanc saeculi lucem, to survive , Ta.: durant colles, i. e. extend , Ta.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*dweh₂-
- Proto-Indo-European*dweh₂rós
- Proto-Italic*dūros
- Latindūrō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin dūrō From dūrus (“hard”) + -ō (denominative).
Gallo-Romance
- Catalandurar
- Occitandurarfrom Old Occitan durar
- Old Frenchdurer
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesedurarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese durar
- Spanishdurar
- Aragonesedurar
- Asturiandurar
- Galiciandurarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese durar
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiandurare
- Dalmatiandorur
- Cimbrianduraaranfrom Venetan durar
Borrowings
- Albanianduroj