LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“consonant” in Latin

The English word consonant itself goes back to Latin sonō, through cōnsonāns.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

consonant adj.
concinens: concors: congruens. (the words are found in this connection and order), concors et congruens: consonus (opposed to absonus): modulatus (proper, harmonious). Vid :, also, CONFORMABLE, CONSISTENT.
consonant
(littera) consonans: consona (later). Consonants come together, coeunt: clash, rixantur (Quint.). The clashing of consonants, consonantium inter se congressus: to end in a consonant, in consonantem cadere or excidere.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for consonant?
The usual Latin words for “consonant” are concinō, concors, congruō; also cōnsonus, modulor, cōnsonō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.