What is the Latin word for burst?

The usual Latin words for “burst” are ēruptiō, fragor, rumpō; also dīrumpō, displōdō, effringō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

English → Latin

“burst” in Latin

ēruptiōan eruption; outburst; onrush, onslaught fragora breaking, shattering; a crash; an uproar rumpōto break, burst, tear, rend, rupture; break asunder, force open; to break, split, rupture, burst; to break; break off, t dīrumpōto break down, to wear away; to burst or shatter; destruct displōdōto spread out, dilate, extend; to burst, cause to explode effringōto break open or off vēsīcabladder, urinary bladder claustraA lock, bar, bolt; A gate, entrance; A barricade, bulwark sumto be, exist; there be; to go dissiliōto burst asunder, fly apart; To leap

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

burst s.

eruptio.

Of thunder, fragor: also by circumlocution with the verb.

burst

TR., rumpere, dirumpere; displodere (e.g., vesicam); effringere (e.g., claustra, fores). To burst through a thing, perrumpere per aliquid. INTR., rumpi, dirumpi; dissilire (fly into pieces): dehiscere, discedere (burst open, of the earth): displodi crepare (to burst with a noise, explode). I burst (with anger or vexation), rumpor, dirumpor, findor. I burst with laughing, risu dirumpor, risu emorior. The thunder bursts, fit fragor. A cloud burst by lightning, nubes fulmine elisa.

To burst out or forth, erumpere; exardescere: erumpere must be used with care: vox, sermo, risus, furor erumpit, bursts out; against anybody, in aliquem: also transitively, erumpere gaudium. to burst forth with expressions of joy (Ter.): erumpere diu coercitam iram, to let one’s long-suppressed anger burst forth (Cic.); but not erumpere in vocem, in risum, in furorem, in stomachum. To burst into a fit of laughing, tollere risum, cachinnum; cachinnare (not cachinnari); in cachinnos or risus effundi. A war suddenly bursts out, bellum exoritur, exardescit: belli flamma exardescit. (His) wrath, hatred, bursts out, ira, odium exardescit. Tears burst forth, lacrimae oboriuntur; prorumpunt (better avoid erumpunt): to burst open a door, januam effringere: a prison, vincula carceris rumpere. The sun bursts forth, sol nubes perrumpit ac dividit (Cic.); sol inter nubes effulget: to burst out of the camp, ex castris erumpere: to burst through the enemy, erumpere per hostes (Liv.). Tears burst forth, lacrimae erumpunt, prosiliunt: to burst into tears, in lacrimas effundi. To burst from one’s arms, e complexu alicujus se eripere.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for burst?: The usual Latin words for “burst” are ēruptiō, fragor, rumpō; also dīrumpō, displōdō, effringō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.