verbthird (-iō variant) conjugation
cupiō
cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum)
Classical[ˈkʊ.pi.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkuː.pi.o]
№ 441 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to desire, long for
Nōvī ingenium mulierum: / nōlunt ubi vēlīs, ubi nolīs cupiunt ultrō.
I know the ways of women: they are unwilling when you want [it]; [and] when you are unwilling, they desire [it] wantonly.161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 812–813 - to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
Quod cupiō mēcum est. Inopem mē cōpia fēcit.
What I desire is with me: Abundance made me destitute.Cupio omnia quaevis.
Your wishes are mine.
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
valdē volō.cupiō -ere cupīvī — in Mille Verba, Animus et Adfectūs
valdē volō, dēsīderōcupiō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 10, 11 and Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 5, 8
to want
cupiō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 5, 7, 18, 21
craves
cupit — in Seneca, ch. X
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Velle · Optare · Expetere · Cupere · Avere · Gestire
1. Velle, optare, and expetere, are acts of calm reason and self-determination; whereas cupere, avere, and gestire, acts of excited feeling and of passion. Senec. Ep. 116. Cum tibi cupere interdixero, velle permittam. 2. Velle (ἑλεῖν) means to wish, and co-operate towards the realization of one’s wish, like θέλειν and βούλεσθαι; optare (from ποθεῖν) to wish, and leave the realization of one’s wish to others, or to fate, like ποθεῖν; expetere, to wish, and apply to others for the realization of one’s wish, like ὀρέγεσθαι. Sen. Ep. 95. Sæpe aliud volumus, aliud optamus. Cic. Off. i. 20. Nihil nisi quod honestum sit homines aut admirari aut optare aut expetere oportet. 3. Cupere (κάπτειν) denotes a vehement, passionate desire; gestire (γηθεῖν), a lively desire, showing itself by gestures; avere (from χαίνειν, χάος), an impatient, hasty desire. Cupidus means, being eagerly desirous of something, like ἐπιθυμῶν; gestiens, rejoicing in anticipation of something, like χρῄζων; avidus, being greedy after something. Cic. Sen. 8. Græcas literas sic avide arripui, quasi diuturnam sitim explere cupiens; comp. with Att. ii. 18. Intellexi quam suspenso animo et sollicito scire averes, quid esset novi. And, iv. 11. Perge reliqua; gestio scire ista omnia. (v. 57.)
Conjugation
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cupiō | cupiēbam | cupiam | cupīvī cupiī | cupīveram cupīram, cupieram | cupīverō cupīrō, cupierō |
| 2nd sg. | cupis | cupiēbās | cupiēs | cupīvistī cupīstī, cupiistī | cupīverās cupīrās, cupierās | cupīveris cupīris, cupieris |
| 3rd sg. | cupit | cupiēbat | cupiet | cupīvit cupīt, cupiit | cupīverat cupīrat, cupierat | cupīverit cupīrit, cupierit |
| 1st pl. | cupimus | cupiēbāmus | cupiēmus | cupīvimus cupīmus, cupiimus | cupīverāmus cupīrāmus, cupierāmus | cupīverimus cupīrimus, cupierimus |
| 2nd pl. | cupitis | cupiēbātis | cupiētis | cupīvistis cupīstis, cupiistis | cupīverātis cupīrātis, cupierātis | cupīveritis cupīritis, cupieritis |
| 3rd pl. | cupiunt | cupiēbant | cupient | cupīvērunt cupīrunt, cupīvēre, cupiērunt, cupiēre | cupīverant cupīrant, cupierant | cupīverint cupīrint, cupierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cupiam | cuperem | cupīverim cupīrim, cupierim | cupīvissem cupīssem, cupiissem |
| 2nd sg. | cupiās | cuperēs | cupīverīs cupīrīs, cupierīs | cupīvissēs cupīssēs, cupiissēs |
| 3rd sg. | cupiat | cuperet | cupīverit cupīrit, cupierit | cupīvisset cupīsset, cupiisset |
| 1st pl. | cupiāmus | cuperēmus | cupīverīmus cupīrīmus, cupierīmus | cupīvissēmus cupīssēmus, cupiissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cupiātis | cuperētis | cupīverītis cupīrītis, cupierītis | cupīvissētis cupīssētis, cupiissētis |
| 3rd pl. | cupiant | cuperent | cupīverint cupīrint, cupierint | cupīvissent cupīssent, cupiissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cupior | cupiēbar | cupiar |
| 2nd sg. | cuperis cupere | cupiēbāris cupiēbāre | cupiēris cupiēre |
| 3rd sg. | cupitur | cupiēbātur | cupiētur |
| 1st pl. | cupimur | cupiēbāmur | cupiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cupiminī | cupiēbāminī | cupiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cupiuntur | cupiēbantur | cupientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cupiar | cuperer |
| 2nd sg. | cupiāris cupiāre | cuperēris cuperēre |
| 3rd sg. | cupiātur | cuperētur |
| 1st pl. | cupiāmur | cuperēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cupiāminī | cuperēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cupiantur | cuperentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cupe | cupere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cupite | cupiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cupitō | cupitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cupitō | cupitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cupitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cupiuntō | cupiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cupere | cupī |
| perfect infinitive | cupīvisse cupīsse, cupiisse | cupītum esse |
| future infinitive | cupītūrum esse | cupītum īrī |
| present participle | cupiēns cupiente, cupientem, cupientēs, cupientī, cupientia, cupientibus, cupientis, cupientīs, cupientium | — |
| perfect participle | — | cupītus cupīta, cupītā, cupītae, cupītam, cupītārum, cupītās, cupītī, cupītōrum, cupītōs |
| future participle | cupītūrus cupītūra, cupītūrā, cupītūrae, cupītūram, cupītūrārum, cupītūrās, cupītūre, cupītūrī, cupītūrīs, cupītūrō, cupītūrōrum, cupītūrōs, cupītūrum | cupiendus cupiundus |
gerundcupiendī, cupiendō, cupiendumsupinecupītum, cupītū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- alicuius causa velle or cupere
- to be favourably disposed towards.
cŭpĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 3 (
I. imperf. subj. cŭpīret, Lucr. 1, 72; quoted ap. Non. p. 506 fin., and ap. Prisc. p. 879 P.), v. a. Sanscr kup, to be in active motion, to be angry; cf. recupero, to long for a thing, to desire, wish (designating a natural, involuntary inclination, or an unbridled or passionate desire, while volo indicates an energetic will, and opto a deliberate wish or choice, Cic. Mil. 12, 32; Sen. Ep. 116, 2; cf. Klotz in Jahn's Neues Jahrb. 1834, II. p. 119 sq.; freq. in every per. and species of composition); constr. with acc., inf., acc. and inf., acc. and part., ut, ne, the gen., or absol.
I. In gen.
A. Lit., of persons.
(a). With acc.:
quid istuc tam cupide cupis? Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 49: nec bonum illud esse, quod cupias ardenter, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39: nuptias, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12: cupere eadem, eadem odisse, Sall. J. 31, 14: domum alius, alius agros, id. C. 11. 4: novas res, id. J. 70, 1: quanto plura parasti, Tanto plura cupis, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 148: (magistratus, imperia, etc.) minime mihi hac tempestate cupienda videntur, Sall. J. 3, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 66 et saep.—In part. perf.: corde cupitus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41: cupitus atque exspectatus, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 104: Mars videt hanc visamque cupit potiturque cupitā, Ov. F. 3, 21: cupitus aetatis flos, Lucr. 3, 770; 5, 847: cujus rei semper cupitae, Liv. 26, 7, 3; Tac. A. 4, 3 et saep.: tandem huic cupitum contigit, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 116; so in neutr., Liv. 3, 37, 7; Tac. A. 6, 32; 14, 2 al.— (b). With inf. (so most freq.):
emori cupio, Ter. Heant. 5, 2, 18: vitam mutare, Lucr. 5, 170; 1, 71: te celare de phaleris, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29: audire cupio, id. Caecin. 12, 33: diem consumere, id. Att. 4, 2, 4: operam navare, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: proelium facere, Sall. J. 57, 4 et saep.: cum nostri quid sine imperatore efficere possent perspici cuperent, Caes. B. G. 3, 21.—(g). With acc. and inf.:
te tuā frui virtute cupimus, Cic. Brut. 97, 331; id. Fam. 1, 2, 2: cupio me esse clementem; cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri, id. Cat. 1, 2, 4; cf. Haase ad Reisig, Lect. p. 790: (Pausanias) se tecum affinitate conjungi cupit, Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—* (d). With acc. and part.: Cu. Quis nominat me? Ph. Qui te conventum cupit. Cu. Hau me magis cupis, quam te ego cupio, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 25.—(ε) With ut:
cupio ut impetret, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 34: quin etiam necesse erit cupere et optare, ut peccet, etc., Cic. Lael. 16, 59: responsum est mihi cupere quidem universos ut a me rationes coloniae legerentur, Plin. Ep. 10, 47 (56), 1. —(ζ) With ne: cupio, ne ... habeant, Plin. Ep. 5, 17, 6; cf. Ov. H. 6, 6.—(η) With subj. alone: cupio te quoque sub idem tempus Campania tua remittat, Plin. Ep. 5, 14 (15), 9.—(θ) Absol.: ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 43: qui cupit aut metuit, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 51; so with metuo, id. ib. 1, 6, 12; 1, 16, 65; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185; 1, 1, 2: cohortatus suos, omnibus cupientibus ad hostium castra contendit, Caes. B. G. 3, 24; cf. id. ib. 3, 19 et saep.—(κ) With gen.: pol quamquam domi cupio, opperiar, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 23 Brix ad loc.; cf. P. a. α infra. —With gen. pers.: quae (puellae) cupiunt tui, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17; cf.: jam dudum vestri cupiunt Lucrina tacita, Symm. Ep. 1, 8 init.—B. Transf., of things:
asperiora vina rigari utique cupiunt, Plin. 17, 26, 41, § 250.—II. Pregn., to be well disposed, be favorable or inclined to one, to favor, to wish well, to be interested for, etc.:
favere et cupere Helvetiis propter eam affinitatem, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; cf.: quid ego Fundanio non cupio? Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: ipsi Glycerio, Ter. And. 5, 4, 2: cui maxime, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 4: cujus causā omnia cum cupio, tum mehercule etiam debeo, Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 1; cf.: causam mihi tradidit, quem suā causā cupere ac debere intellegebat, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: vehementer ejus causā, id. Fam. 13, 64, 1: qui istius causā cupiunt omnia, qui ab eo benignissime tractati sunt, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 180; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21 Halm ad loc.—Hence the phrase cupio omnia quaevis, your wishes are mine; cf. the Engl., I am entirely at your service, Hor. S. 1, 9, 5.—Hence, cŭpĭens, entis, P. a., desiring, desirous, longing, eager for something (mostly ante- class. and post-Aug.; most freq. in Plaut. and Tac.). (a). With gen.:
corporis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 7: nuptiarum, id. ib. 4, 4, 29: tui (tua amica), id. ib. 4, 2, 58: liberorum, Tac. A. 16, 6: novarum rerum, id. ib. 15, 46: bonarum artium, id. ib. 6, 46: voluptatum, id. ib. 14, 14: erogandae pecuniae, id. ib. 1, 75.—Comp., Aur. Vict. Caes. 24.—Sup.: cupientissimus legis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Diom. p. 291 P.—(b). Absol.:
ut quibusque bellum invitis aut cupientibus erat, Tac. A. 1, 59.—Sup.: Marius cupientissimā plebe consul factus, Sall. J. 84, 1.— Adv.: cŭpĭenter, desirously, earnestly, eagerly, = cupide (only ante-class.): cupienter cupere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 91, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 337 Vahl.): discerpere membra, Att. ib. p. 91, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 543 Rib.): petere, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 17.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cupiō īvī, ītus, ere
CVP-, to long for, desire, wish: Qui cupit, i. e. is possessed by a master-passion, H.: omnibus cupientibus ad castra contendit, Cs.: nuptias, T.: domum alius, alius agros, S.: triumphum: cupio omnia quae vis, your wishes are mine, H.: imperia minime cupiunda, S.: corde cupitus, Enn. ap. C.: hanc visamque cupit potiturque cupitā, O.: quidquid cupitum foret, L.: Emori, T.: audire: videre qui audeat dicere: quid possent perspici, Cs.: haberi formosus, H.: me esse clementem: me non mendacem putari: et se cupit ante videri, V.: ut peccet, etc.: cuperem ipse adesset (i. e. vellem), V.—To be well disposed, be favorable, favor, wish well, be interested for: ipsi Glycerio, T.: Helvetiis, Cs.: quid ego Fundanio non cupio?—With causā (alcuius), to be at the service of, be devoted to, be zealous for: alquem suā causā: qui te neque velle suā causā, nec, si cupias, posse arbitrantur: cuius causā omnia cupio, to whom I am wholly devoted.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *kupjō. According to the LIV, from Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kup-yé-ti, from *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”). If this theory is accepted, the term has an exact parallel in Sanskrit कुप्यति (kupyati, “to become agitated, bubble up”). De Vaan, however, explains the word as a derivative of an athematic i-present *kup-i- of the same root. Schrijver, who also adopts the i-present explanation, suggests that the full-grade of the suffix of this i-present (e.g. a form of the shape *kup-ey-) could explain the forms with the long vowel ī, such as cupīvī. Schrijver does, however, also mention a possible alternative explanation—that the perfect form was created analogically after fourth conjugation terms such as audīvī. Weiss alternatively suggests that perfect forms in -īvī spread across verbs with similar semantics, all pertaining to the notion of "seeking." For instance, compare arcessō (“to summon, invite”), arcessīvī; petō (“to ask, beg”), petīvī; and quaerō (“to search”), quaesīvī. Cognate with Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”) and Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”).
Descendants
- Sardiniancubere
- Italiancupere
- Englishcupiosexual
- Sardiniancubire
- Walloonkeûre
- Franco-Provençalkvi
- Franco-Provençalkevi
- Normancouvirfrom Old French covir
- Old Occitancobir
- Franc-Comtoisquevatre
In English words that came into English from cupiō
- covetcupiditas
- CupidCupīdō
- covetouscupiditas
- cupiditycupiditās
- concupiscentconcupiscens
- cupiosexualcupiō