verbthird conjugation, impersonal in the passive
vīvō
vīvō (present infinitive vīvere, perfect active vīxī, supine vīctum)
Classical[ˈwiː.woː]Ecclesiastical[ˈviː.vo]
vīve 2nd sg. pres. act. imper.№ 156 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- impersonalto live
O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immō vērō etiam in Senātum venit, […]
Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. He lives? Indeed, in fact he even comes into the Senate, […] .63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.2Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trustworthy guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.1 - impersonalto be alive, to survive
- impersonalto reside in
O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?
O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vītam habeō; spīrō, sentiō, sum.vīvō -ere vīxī — in Mille Verba, ch. Vīta et Mors
quī vīvit (opp. mortuus)vīvēns -entis — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 20
vītam agō, spīrōvīvō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 7
to live
vīvō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 1, 9
we live
vīvimus — in Seneca, ch. VII
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vīvō | vīvēbam | vīvam | vīxī | vīxeram | vīxerō |
| 2nd sg. | vīvis | vīvēbās | vīvēs | vīxistī | vīxerās | vīxeris |
| 3rd sg. | vīvit | vīvēbat | vīvet | vīxit | vīxerat | vīxerit |
| 1st pl. | vīvimus | vīvēbāmus | vīvēmus | vīximus | vīxerāmus | vīxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | vīvitis | vīvēbātis | vīvētis | vīxistis | vīxerātis | vīxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | vīvunt | vīvēbant | vīvent | vīxērunt vīxēre | vīxerant | vīxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vīvam | vīverem | vīxerim | vīxissem |
| 2nd sg. | vīvās | vīverēs | vīxerīs | vīxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | vīvat | vīveret | vīxerit | vīxisset |
| 1st pl. | vīvāmus | vīverēmus | vīxerīmus | vīxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | vīvātis | vīverētis | vīxerītis | vīxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | vīvant | vīverent | vīxerint | vīxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | vīvitur | vīvēbātur | vīvētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | vīvuntur | vīvēbantur | vīventur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | vīvātur | vīverētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | vīvantur | vīverentur |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | vīve | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | vīvite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | vīvitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | vīvitō | vīvitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | vīvitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | vīvuntō | vīvuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | vīvere | vīvī |
| perfect infinitive | vīxisse | vīctum esse |
| future infinitive | vīctūrum esse | vīctum īrī |
| present participle | vīvēns vīvente, vīventem, vīventēs, vīventī, vīventia, vīventibus, vīventis, vīventīs, vīventium | — |
| perfect participle | — | vīctum |
| future participle | vīctūrus vīctūra, vīctūrā, vīctūrae, vīctūram, vīctūrārum, vīctūrās, vīctūre, vīctūrī, vīctūrīs, vīctūrō, vīctūrōrum, vīctūrōs, vīctūrum | vīvendum |
gerundvīvendī, vīvendō, vīvendumsupinevīctum, vīctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- secum vivere
- to live to oneself.
- in diem vivere
- to live from day to day.
- vivere cum aliquo
- to be on friendly terms with a person.
- decem annos vixisse
- to be ten years old.
- ruri vivere, rusticari
- to live in the country.
- in otio esse or vivere
- to be at leisure.
- ad bene beateque vivendum
- for a life of perfect happiness.
- de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
- to live on one's means.
10 more phrases
- non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
- I have no means, no livelihood.
- delicate ac molliter vivere
- to live a luxurious and effeminate life.
- aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
- to live with some one on an equal footing.
- laute vivere (Nep. Chab. 3. 2)
- to live well.
- in omnium rerum abundantia vivere
- to live in great affluence.
- dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
- as long as I live.
- beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse
- happiness, bliss.
- in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
- to live in solitude.
- vivere carne, piscibus, rapto (Liv. 7. 25)
- to live on meat, fish, by plunder.
- genus vitae (vivendi) or aetatis degendae deligere
- to choose a career, profession.
vīvo, vixi, victum, 3 (
I. pluperf. subj. syncop. vixet, Verg. A. 11, 118), v. n. Sanscr. giv-, givami, live; Gr. βίος, life; Goth. quius, living; Germ. quicken; Engl. quick, to live, be alive, have life (syn. spiro).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.: Ca. Eho, tua uxor quid agit? Me. Immortalis est. Vivit victuraque est, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 18:
valet atque vivit (gnatus), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21: nemo'st hominum qui vivat minus, id. Eun. 4, 6, 19; id. Ad. 3, 2, 34: vivere ac spirare, Cic. Sest. 50, 108: is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc., Sall. C. 2, 9.—With acc. of time: et pueri annos octingentos vivont ... Quin mille annorum perpetuo vivont ab saeclo ad saeclum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85; 4, 2, 87: Nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putat posse vivere, Cic. Sen. 7, 24: vixi Annos bis centum, Ov. M. 12, 187: Aufidius vixit ad summam senectutem, Cic. Brut. 48, 179: ad centesimum annum, id. Sen. 6, 19: ad vesperum, id. ib. 19, 67: triginta annis, id. Off. 3, 2, 8: negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur, live pleasantly unless we live virtuously, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 49.—Subst.: vīventes, ium, the living (opp. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25; 5, 3, 25.—With a homogeneous object: modice et modeste melius est vitam vivere, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 18; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; id. Clu. 61, 170: tamne tibi diu videor vitam vivere? Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 34: Bacchanalia vivunt, Juv. 2, 3.— Pass.: nunc tertia vivitur aetas, Ov. M. 12, 187.—Transf., of things: et vivere vitem et mori dicimus, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 56: saepes, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: oleae, Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241: cinis, Ov. R. Am. 732: ignes, id. F. 3, 427: picturatum opus, lives, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 589.—B. In partic.
1. To survive, be still alive (mostly in secondary tenses):
quas inimicitias si tam cavere potuisset, quam metuere solebat, viveret, would be still alive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17: is jam pridem mortuus est: si viveret, verba ejus audiretis, id. ib. 14, 42: Mustius dixisset, si viveret, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139: si viveret Hortensius cetera fortasse desideraret, id. Brut. 2, 6: si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio jam maneret, id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1: dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem, id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; cf. id. Red. Quir. 4, 10: utinam L. Caesar valeret, Serv. Sulpicius viveret, id. Phil. 8, 7, 22: constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent, id. Att. 13, 19, 3: divinat enim, quae futura fuerint, si Philippus vixisset, Liv. 41, 24, 4; cf.: quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit, id. 41, 24, 5: qui censor fuisset, vetustissimusque ex iis, qui viverent, censoriis esset, id. 23, 22, 10; cf.: hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immo vero etiam in senatum venit, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2: vivis; et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam, id. ib. 1, 2, 4.—2. Euphemistically, vixit, he is done with life, he is dead:
vixisse nimio satiu'st jam quam vivere, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 43; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 10.—3. Ita vivam, as true as I live, as a formula of asseveration:
nam, ita vivam, putavi, Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; 2, 16, 20; id. Att. 5, 15, 2; Sen. Ep. 82, 11 al.—4. Ne vivam si, may I not live if, may I die if; as a form of asseveration:
quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? Ne vivam, si scio, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8; id. Fam. 7, 23 fin.—5. Si vivo, if I live, a formula of menacing:
erit ubi te ulciscar, si vivo, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26; id. Cas. 1, 1, 27; Ter. And. 5, 2, 25; id. Eun. 5, 5, 20.—6. In the phrases,
a. Alicui vivere, to live for a person:
haec qui misit, non sibi soli postulat Te vivere et suā causā excludi ceteros, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 28; cf.: si tibi soli viveres, Cic. Marcell. 8, 25; cf.: secum vivere, II. B. infra.—b. In diem vivere, from hand to mouth, for the present hour, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; id. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.:
hi, qui in horam viverent, id. ib. 5, 9, 25.—c. De lucro vivere, a life that is clear gain, i. e. at the mercy of another, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1.—
C. Pregn.
1. To live well, live at ease, enjoy life:
quod me cohortaris ad ambitionem et ad laborem, faciam quidem: sed quando vivemus? Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 12: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 8; Varr. ib. p. 156, 13; Cat. 5, 1; Hor. C. 3, 29, 43; id. Ep. 1, 6, 66.—Hence, in bidding farewell: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110; id. Ep. 1, 6, 67 al.; cf.: vivite, silvae, fare ye well, Verg. E. 8, 58.—2. Like our to live, for to last, endure, remain, be remembered (mostly poet.):
vivet extento Proculeius aevo ... Illum aget Fama superstes, Hor. C. 2, 2, 5: per omnia saecula famā vivam, Ov. M. 15, 879: mea semper gloria vivet, Cic. poët. ap. Gell. 15, 6, 3: tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus, Verg. A. 4, 67: spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae, Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 32, 3: carmina, id. Ep. 1, 19, 2: scripta, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25: das nostro nomen victurum amori, id. Am. 3, 1, 65: odia, Stat. Th. 12, 441: mihi quidem Scipio, quamquam est subito ereptus, vivit tamen semperque vivet, Cic. Lael. 27, 102: vivit vivetque semper, atque etiam latius in memoriā hominum et sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11; Sen. Ben. 3, 5, 2.—II. Transf.
A. To live on any thing or in any manner, i. e. to support life; to sustain or maintain one's self:
stirpibus palmarum vivere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131: piscibus atque ovis avium vivere, Caes. B. G. 4, 10 fin.: lacte atque pecore, id. ib. 4, 1; 5, 14: cortice ex arboribus, id. B. C. 3, 49: coriis herbisque et radicibus vivere, Liv. 23, 30, 3: herbis Vivis et urticā, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 8: siliquis et pane secundo, id. ib. 2, 1, 123: parvo, id. S. 2, 2, 1: rapto, Verg. A. 7, 749: de vestro, Plaut. Truc. 5, 61: misere, id. Aul. 2, 4, 36: parcius, Hor. S. 1, 3, 49: suaviter, id. Ep. 1, 8, 4: bene, id. ib. 1, 6, 56; 1, 11, 29: rapto, Liv. 7, 25, 13; 27, 12, 5: verbum vivere quidam putant ad cibum pertinere, Dig. 50, 16, 234.— Impers. pass.: vivitur ex rapto, Ov. M. 1, 144. —Trop.: (sunt) in eo studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, Cic. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.—B. To live, i. e. to pass one's life, to reside, dwell, be in any place or manner (cf.:
vitam dego): Rhodi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 4: extra urbem, id. Brut. 74, 258: Cypri, Nep. Chabr. 3, 4: in litteris vivere, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; id. Sen. 11, 38: in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium, id. Off. 3, 1, 3: in paupertate, id. Part. Or. 18, 63: in humilitate, Lact. 7, 9, 17: cum timore, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3: unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus, Cic. Fl. 26, 63: e naturā, id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: convenienter naturae, id. ib. 3, 7, 26; id. Off. 3, 3, 13: valde familiariter cum aliquo, id. Att. 6, 6, 2; cf.: Hirtius vivit habitatque cum Balbo, id. ib. 14, 20, 4: cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano, id. ib.: ecquis me vivit hodie fortunatior? Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1: ego vivo miserrimus, Cic. Att. 3, 5: viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157: illā sorte Contentus vivat, id. S. 1, 1, 3.—Prov.: secum vivere, to live for one's self, care only for one's self, Cic. Sen. 14, 49.—Impers. pass.: quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
vīvō vīxī (subj pluperf. vīxet for vīxisset, V.), —, ere
VIV-, to live, be alive, have life: Valet atque vivit (gnatus), T.: vivere ac spirare: is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc., S.: Annos bis centum, O.: ad centesimum annum: nisi cum virtute vivatur, unless we live virtuously: non sibi soli postulat, Te vivere, for him alone, T.: nos in diem vivimus, i. e. from hand to mouth: vitam duram, quam vixi usque adhuc, T.: tutiorem vitam: Bacchanalia vivunt, Iu.: nunc tertia vivitur aetas, O.: et vivere vitem et mori dicimus: ignes, O.—To survive, be still alive: si viveret, verba eius audiretis: si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio iam maneret: constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent: hic tamen vivit. vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit.—In phrases of asseveration: nam, ita vivam, putavi, as I live: quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? ne vivam, si scio, may I die, if, etc.: ego hodie, si vivo, tibi Ostendam, etc., as sure as I live, T.—In the phrase, de lucro vivere, i. e. to owe life to favor, live at another's mercy: de lucro prope iam quadrennium vivimus: de lucro tibi vivere me scito, L.—In the phrase, ex alicuius more vivere, to conform to one's ways, live according to one's wishes: Huncine erat aequom ex illius more an illum ex huius vivere? T.—To live, support life, feed, be supported, sustain oneself: stirpibus palmarum: piscibus, Cs.: cortice ex arboribus, Cs.: herbis et urticā, H.: rapto, V.: Parcius, H.: Vivitur ex rapto, O.; cf. studia, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, which were formerly my delight, are now my life.—To live, pass the time, reside, dwell, be: extra urbem: Cypri, N.: in litteris vivere: unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus: convenienter naturae: cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano: ecquis me hodie vivit fortunatior? T.: ego vivo miserrimus: illā (sorte) Contentus vivat, H.: quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc.—Prov.: animum secum esse secumque ut dicitur, vivere, i. e. for its own sake.—To live well, live at ease, enjoy life: quando vivemus?: vive valeque, farewell, H.: vivite, silvae, fare ye well, V.—To live, last, endure, remain, be remembered: Vivet extento Proculeius aevo, H.: per omnia saecula famā, O.: tacitum vivat sub pectore volnus, V.: das nostro victurum nomen amori, O.: mihi Scipio vivit tamen semperque vivet.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *gʷīwō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). The x and c in vīxī and vīctum were introduced by analogy with other verbs. Cognate with Old English cwic (“alive”) (English quick), Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati).
Elsewhere
- Catalanviure
- Italianvivere
- Frenchvivrefrom Old French vivre
- Occitanviurefrom Old Occitan viure
- Portugueseviverfrom Old Galician-Portuguese viver
- Englishvevefrom Old Galician-Portuguese viver
- Spanishvivirfrom Old Spanish bevir
- Romanianvie
- Romanianvia
- Romanianînvia
Old Leonese
- Asturianvivir
- Mirandesebibir
In English words that came into English from vīvō
- survivesupervivo
- reviverevīvere
- vitalvītālis
- vividvividus
- vivaciousvīvāx
- viand*vivanda
- vivacityvīvācitās
- victualvīctuālia
- convivialconvīvium
- convivenceconvivere
- vitologyvīta
- vitalometervīta
- reviviscentreviviscens
- vivencyvivens
- supervivesupervivere