verbsecond conjugation
sustineō
sustineō (present infinitive sustinēre, perfect active sustinuī, supine sustentum)
Classical[sʊsˈtɪ.ne.oː]Ecclesiastical[susˈtiː.ne.o]
№ 762 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to hold up or upright, uphold, support, sustain
- to keep up, bear up, tolerate
- to hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control
- to keep back, put off, defer, delay
- to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve
- to guard, protect
- to undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out
quōs lupa nūtrit, perdere cognātae sustinuēre manūs.
Those whom the she-wolf suckles, the hands of [their own] relatives withstood to destroy. (Twin babes Romulus and Remus had been subjected to infant exposure.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.415–416
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
sub rē stō nē cadat; magna onera sustinēmus; etiam malum patior.sustineō -ēre sustinuī — in Mille Verba, Certāmina Gymnica
ferō, portōsustineō -ēre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 17
ferō, teneōsustineō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4, 24
perferō, patienter tolerōsustineō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 19
ferre possumsustineō -ēre (animō) — in Epistulae, ch. 19
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Ferre · Tolerare · Perferre · Perpeti · Sustinere · Sinere · Sustentare.
Ferre; Tolerare; Perferre; Perpeti; Sustinere; Sinere; Sustentare. 1. Ferre (φέρειν) represents the bearing, only with reference to the burden which is borne, altogether objectively, like φέρειν; whereas tolerare, perferre, and pati, perpeti, with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν; the patiens and perpetiens (παθεῖν) without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation, enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. 2. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently. Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. iv. 29. Nec est malum, quod non natura humana patiendo ferat: compare with Tac. Ann. i. 74. Sen. Thyest. 307. Leve est miserias ferre; perferre est grave. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 21. Qui perpeti medicinam non toleraverant. Tac. Ann. iii. 3. Magnitudinem mali perferre visu non toleravit. 3. Tolerare (from τλῆναι) means to keep up under a burden, and not sink down; but sustinere means to keep up the burden, and not let it sink. 4. Pati denotes an intellectual permission, no opposition being made, like to let happen; whereas sinere (ἀνεῖναι) denotes a material permission, not to hold any thing fast nor otherwise hinder, to leave free. Pati has, in construction, the action itself for its object, and governs an infinitive; sinere, the person acting, and is in construction with ut. (iv. 259.) 5. Sustinere means to hold up, in a general sense, whereas sustentare, to hold up with trouble and difficulty. Curt. viii. 4, 15. Forte Macedo gregarius miles seque et arma sustentans tandem in castra venit; compare with v. 1, 11. Tandem Laconum acies languescere, lubrica arma sudore vix sustinens. Also, Liv. xxiii. 45. Senec. Prov. 4. a. f. (iii. 293.)
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sustineō | sustinēbam | sustinēbō | sustinuī | sustinueram | sustinuerō |
| 2nd sg. | sustinēs | sustinēbās | sustinēbis | sustinuistī | sustinuerās | sustinueris |
| 3rd sg. | sustinet | sustinēbat | sustinēbit | sustinuit | sustinuerat | sustinuerit |
| 1st pl. | sustinēmus | sustinēbāmus | sustinēbimus | sustinuimus | sustinuerāmus | sustinuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | sustinētis | sustinēbātis | sustinēbitis | sustinuistis | sustinuerātis | sustinueritis |
| 3rd pl. | sustinent | sustinēbant | sustinēbunt | sustinuērunt sustinuēre | sustinuerant | sustinuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sustineam | sustinērem | sustinuerim | sustinuissem |
| 2nd sg. | sustineās | sustinērēs | sustinuerīs | sustinuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | sustineat | sustinēret | sustinuerit | sustinuisset |
| 1st pl. | sustineāmus | sustinērēmus | sustinuerīmus | sustinuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sustineātis | sustinērētis | sustinuerītis | sustinuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | sustineant | sustinērent | sustinuerint | sustinuissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sustineor | sustinēbar | sustinēbor |
| 2nd sg. | sustinēris sustinēre | sustinēbāris sustinēbāre | sustinēberis sustinēbere |
| 3rd sg. | sustinētur | sustinēbātur | sustinēbitur |
| 1st pl. | sustinēmur | sustinēbāmur | sustinēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | sustinēminī | sustinēbāminī | sustinēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | sustinentur | sustinēbantur | sustinēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sustinear | sustinērer |
| 2nd sg. | sustineāris sustineāre | sustinērēris sustinērēre |
| 3rd sg. | sustineātur | sustinērētur |
| 1st pl. | sustineāmur | sustinērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sustineāminī | sustinērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sustineantur | sustinērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sustinē | sustinēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sustinēte | sustinēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sustinētō | sustinētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sustinētō | sustinētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sustinētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sustinentō | sustinentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sustinēre | sustinērī |
| perfect infinitive | sustinuisse | sustentum esse |
| future infinitive | sustentūrum esse | sustentum īrī |
| present participle | sustinēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | sustentus sustenta, sustentā, sustentae, sustentam, sustentārum, sustentās, sustente, sustentī, sustentīs, sustentō, sustentōrum, sustentōs |
| future participle | sustentūrus sustentūra, sustentūrā, sustentūrae, sustentūram, sustentūrārum, sustentūrās, sustentūre, sustentūrī, sustentūrīs, sustentūrō, sustentūrōrum, sustentūrōs, sustentūrum | sustinendus sustinenda, sustinendā, sustinendae, sustinendam, sustinendārum, sustinendās, sustinende, sustinendīs, sustinendōrum, sustinendōs |
gerundsustinendī, sustinendō, sustinendumsupinesustentum, sustentū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- munus explere, sustinere
- to fulfil the duties of one's position.
- equos incitatos sustinere
- to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop.
- culpam alicuius rei sustinere
- to bear the blame of a thing.
- impetum sustinere (B. G. 1. 26)
- to resist the attack, onset.
- obsidionem quattuor menses sustinere
- to hold out for four months.
- sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33)
- to stop rowing; to easy.
sustĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. subs for sub, and teneo,
I. to hold up, hold upright, uphold, to bear up, keep up, support, sustain (syn. fulcio).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
onus alicui, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 68: quantum hominum terra sustinet, id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Men. 1, 1, 13: cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum, Cic. Sen. 10, 33: arma membraque, Liv. 23, 45, 3; Curt. 6, 1, 11; 7, 5, 8: infirmos baculo artus, to support, Ov. M. 6, 27: furcis spectacula, Liv. 1, 35, 9: ingenuā speculum manu, Ov. A. A. 2, 216: fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 4: manibus clipeos et hastam Et galeam, Ov. H. 3, 119: vix populum tellus sustinet illa suum, id. ib. 15 (16), 182: lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet, Hor. S. 1, 6, 117: vas ad sustinenda opsonia, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140: aër volatus alitum sustinet, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: lacus omnia illata pondera sustinens, bearing on its surface, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127: ecce populus Romanus universus veluti duobus navigiis inpositus binis cardinibus sustinetur, id. 36, 15, 24, § 119: domum pluribus adminiculis fulcit ac sustinet, Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3: se, to support one's self, hold one's self up, stand, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 25; so, se a lapsu, Liv. 21, 35: se alis, Ov. M. 4, 411. — B. In partic., to hold or keep back, to keep in, stay, check, restrain, control, etc. (syn.: refreno, supprimo, moror): currum equosque, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:
currum, id. Lael. 17, 63 (v. infra, II. B. 3.): equos, Caes. B. G. 4, 33: remos, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: manum, Ov. F. 5, 302: sustinet a jugulo dextram, Verg. A. 11, 750: a jugulo nitentem sustinet hastam, Stat. Th. 2, 648: flumina Threiciā lyrā, Prop. 3, 2, 2 (4, 1, 42): nunc agendo, nunc sustinendo agmen, Liv. 25, 36, 1: aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit, id. 5, 39, 2: signa, id. 31, 24, 8: gradum, Ov. F. 6, 398: perterritum exercitum, Caes. B. C. 1, 71: se, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41; Val. Fl. 3, 100: se ab omni assensu, i. e. to refrain, Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 48: se a respondendo, id. ib. 2, 32, 104. — Poet.: celeres vias, i. e. to halt, Sen. Hippol. 794.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve:
dignitatem et decus civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124: causam rei publicae, id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; cf.: causam publicam, id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: exspectationem, id. Off. 3, 2, 6: tris personas unus sustineo, characters, id. de Or. 2, 24, 102: personam magistri, to personate, Suet. Gram. 24: quid muneris in rem publicam fungi ac sustinere velitis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199: historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100: vitam, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11.—Poet.: (arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram, Verg. G. 2, 297.—B. In partic.
1. To sustain, support, maintain, by food, money, or other means:
hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur et sustinemur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5, § 11: veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortunā, fide, id. Rab. Post. 16, 43: qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere, id. Att. 2, 16, 1: alicujus munificentiā sustineri, Liv. 39, 9, 6: hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet, Verg. G. 2, 515: necessitates aliorum, Liv. 6, 15, 9: plebem, id. 3, 65, 6: penuriam temporum, Col. 9, 14, 17.—2. To bear, undergo, endure; to hold out against, withstand (so most freq.;
syn.: fero, tolero, patior): mala ferre sustinereque, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: non tu scis, quantum malarum rerum sustineam, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 8: innocens suspitionem hanc sustinet causā meā, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 32: labores, Cic. Rep. 1, 3: aestatem, Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 3: dolorem pedum, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5: dolores, id. ib. 1, 12, 8: certamen, Liv. 33, 36, 12: vim hostium, Nep. Hann. 11, 4: periculum, Dig. 18, 6, 1: o dii, quis hujus potentiam poterit sustinere? Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17: alicujus imperia, Caes. B. G. 1, 31: vulnera, id. ib. 1, 45: Philo ea sustinere vix poterat, quae contra Academicorum pertinaciam dicebantur, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2: Peloponnesum, Cic. Att. 10, 12, 7: eos (rogantes), Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3; Liv. 31, 13: senatus querentes eos non sustinuit, id. 31, 13, 4: justa petentem deam, Ov. M. 14, 788: ferrum ignemque Jovemque, id. ib. 13, 385 et saep.—Absol.: expectes et sustineas necesse est, Mart. 9, 3, 13: neque jam sustineri poterat, Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 4; Liv. 29, 6, 17.—(b). With obj.-clause (mostly with a negative: non sustinet, he cannot bear, cannot endure; he does not take upon himself, does not venture):
non sustineo esse conscius mihi dissimulati judicii mei, Quint. 3, 6, 64: non impositos supremis ignibus artus Sustinuit spectare parens, Ov. M. 13, 584; so negatively, id. ib. 1, 530; 6, 367; 6, 606; 9, 439; 10, 47; id. F. 4, 850; Vell. 2, 86, 2. — In a negative interrog.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus, etc. ... non credidisse? tantae populi Romani voluntati restitisse? Sustineant. Reperiemus, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10: hoc quidem quis hominum sustineat petulans esse ad alterius arbitrium? Quint. 12, 9, 10; 3, 6, 64: deserere officii sui partes, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16; 9, 13, 6: Parmenionem rursus castigare non sustinebat, Curt. 4, 13, 8; 6, 1, 15: nec solus bibere sustineo, id. 7, 5, 12; 7, 6, 15; 8, 5, 7; Vell. 2, 86, 2; Suet. Caes. 75.—Affirmatively: quem in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari, Curt. 5, 10, 13: colloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit, id. 6, 8, 16; 7, 5, 38; 10, 5, 25: quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit, took upon herself, presumed, Ov. M. 11, 322; so, sustinet ire illuc, id. ib. 4, 447; 6, 563; id. H. 5, 32; Phaedr. 4, 16, 8: aliquem videre, Auct. Cons. Liv. 135: si quis aquam ... haurire sustineat, Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 64: mentiri, Petr. 116.—3. (Acc. to I. B.) To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain; to keep back, put off, defer, delay:
est igitur prudentis sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae, Cic. Lael. 17, 63; so, impetum hostis, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 26; 2, 11; 3, 2 et saep.: subitas hostium incursiones, Hirt. B. G. 8, 11; cf.: Curio praemittit equites, qui primum impetum sustineant ac morentur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26: bellum consilio, Liv. 3, 60, 1: assensus lubricos, Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108: sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani, id. Att. 12, 51, 3: oppugnationem ad noctem, Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6: rem in noctem, Liv. 5, 35, 7: iram, id. 2, 19, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sustineō tinuī, tentus, ēre
subs (see sub)+ teneo, to hold up, hold upright, uphold, bear up, keep up, support, sustain : umeris bovem: arma membraque, L.: infirmos baculo artūs, O.: manibus clipeos, O.: lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet, H.: aër volatūs alitum sustinet: iam se sustinere non posse, i. e. to stand , Cs.: se a lapsu, L.: se alis, O.— To hold back, keep in, stay, check, restrain, control : currum equosque: remos: manum, O.: a iugulo dextram, V.: aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit, L.: perterritum exercitum, Cs.: se ab omni adsensu, i. e. refrain . —Fig., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve : civitatis dignitatem et decus: causam publicam: trīs personas, characters : (arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram, V.— To furnish with means of support, nourish, sustain, support, maintain : hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur ac sustinemur: qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere: meretriculae munificentiā sustineri, L.: hinc patriam parvosque Penatīs Sustinet, V.: plebem, L.— To bear, undergo, endure, tolerate, hold out, withstand : sese diutius sustinere non posse, Cs.: nec sustinuissent Romani, nisi, etc., L.: labores: certamen, L.: vim hostium, N.: volnera, Cs.: senatus querentes eos non sustinuit, L.: iusta petentem deam, O.: ultra certamen, sustain the conflict longer , L.: sustineri ira non potuit, quin, etc., L.: non artūs Sustinuit spectare parens, O.: nec sustinet ullus queri, O.: conloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit, Cu.: quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit, presumed , O.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus . . . non credidisse?— To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain, keep back : est igitur prudentis sustinere impetum benevolentiae: hostium impetum, Cs.: consilio bellum, avoided , L. — To put off, defer, delay : sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani: ad noctem oppugnationem, Cs.: rem in noctem, L.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*upó
- Proto-Italic*supo
- Latinsustineō
Latin sub- Proto-Indo-European *ten- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *tn̥eh₁yéti Proto-Italic *tenēō Latin teneō Latin sustineo From sub- + teneō (“hold; restrain”). Compare, on composition and meaning, with the later formed subteneō (“to hold underneath”).
Descendants
- Catalansostenir
- Englishsustain
- Frenchsoutenir
- Frenchsoustenir
- Frenchsoûtenir
- Italiansostenere
- Portuguesesustentar
- Portuguesesuster
- Romaniansusține
- Spanishsostener