verbthird conjugation
ruō1
ruō (present infinitive ruere, perfect active ruī, supine rutum)
Classical[ˈru.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈruː.o]
Meaning
- to hurry, rush, hasten, move quickly
- to collapse, fall down, fall in ruins, topple
‘Hostis habet mūrōs; ruit altō ā culmine Troia.’
[Aeneas recalls Hector’s dire warning:] “‘The enemy holds [our] walls; Troy is toppling down from [her] lofty height.’”29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.290 - to fail, fall
- to cast down; to hurl to the ground, prostrate
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
cadō, collāborruō -ere — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 6
celeriter et violenter cadōruō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 6
celeriter et vī ferorruō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 5, 8
rush; collapse
ruō -ere — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ruō | ruēbam | ruam | ruī | rueram | ruerō |
| 2nd sg. | ruis | ruēbās | ruēs | ruistī | ruerās | rueris |
| 3rd sg. | ruit | ruēbat | ruet | ruit | ruerat | ruerit |
| 1st pl. | ruimus | ruēbāmus | ruēmus | ruimus | ruerāmus | ruerimus |
| 2nd pl. | ruitis | ruēbātis | ruētis | ruistis | ruerātis | rueritis |
| 3rd pl. | ruunt | ruēbant | ruent | ruērunt ruēre | ruerant | ruerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ruam | ruerem | ruerim | ruissem |
| 2nd sg. | ruās | ruerēs | ruerīs | ruissēs |
| 3rd sg. | ruat | rueret | ruerit | ruisset |
| 1st pl. | ruāmus | ruerēmus | ruerīmus | ruissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | ruātis | ruerētis | ruerītis | ruissētis |
| 3rd pl. | ruant | ruerent | ruerint | ruissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ruor | ruēbar | ruar |
| 2nd sg. | rueris ruere | ruēbāris ruēbāre | ruēris ruēre |
| 3rd sg. | ruitur | ruēbātur | ruētur |
| 1st pl. | ruimur | ruēbāmur | ruēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ruiminī | ruēbāminī | ruēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ruuntur | ruēbantur | ruentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ruar | ruerer |
| 2nd sg. | ruāris ruāre | ruerēris ruerēre |
| 3rd sg. | ruātur | ruerētur |
| 1st pl. | ruāmur | ruerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ruāminī | ruerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ruantur | ruerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | rue | ruere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ruite | ruiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | ruitō | ruitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | ruitō | ruitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | ruitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | ruuntō | ruuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | ruere | ruī |
| perfect infinitive | ruisse | rutum esse |
| future infinitive | ruitūrum esse | rutum īrī |
| present participle | ruēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | rutus ruta, rutā, rutae, rutam, rutārum, rutās, rute, rutī, rutīs, rutō, rutōrum, rutōs |
| future participle | ruitūrus ruitūra, ruitūrā, ruitūrae, ruitūram, ruitūrārum, ruitūrās, ruitūre, ruitūrī, ruitūrīs, ruitūrō, ruitūrōrum, ruitūrōs, ruitūrum | ruendus ruenda, ruendā, ruendae, ruendam, ruendārum, ruendās, ruende, ruendīs, ruendōrum, ruendōs |
gerundruendī, ruendō, ruendumsupinerutum, rutū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- ad interitum ruere
- to be ruined, undone.
rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8;
I. gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).
I. Neutr. (very freq. and class.).
A. Lit. Rarely of persons:
caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique, Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things: ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19: spectacula runnt, fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.: parietes ruunt, id. Most. 1, 2, 36: lateres veteres, id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so, aedes, id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69: omnia tecta (supra aliquem), Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.: altae turres, Lucr. 5, 307: moles et machina mundi, id. 5, 96: murus, Liv. 21, 11: templa deum, Hor. S. 2, 2, 104; aulaea, id. ib. 2, 8, 71: acervus, id. Ep. 2, 1, 47: murus latius quam caederetur, Liv. 21, 11: tecta in agris, id. 4, 21: silices a montibus altis, Lucr. 5, 314: alto a culmine Troja, Verg. A. 2, 290.—Poet.: caeli templa, Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525: caelum imbribus immodicis, Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.: caelum in se, Liv. 40, 58: ruit imbriferum ver, i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.: turbidus imber aquā, id. A. 5, 695: tempestas, Tac. A. 1, 30. 1. Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —
2. Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:
volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur, Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7: (Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse, id. ib. 7, 20, 1: huc omnis turba ruebat, Verg. A. 6, 305: Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant, id. ib. 8, 648: per proelia, id. ib. 12, 526: quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre, Tac. Agr. 37: contis gladiisque ruerent, id. A. 6, 35: in aquam caeci ruebant, Liv. 1, 27 fin.: in castra fugientes, id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44: promiscue in concubitus, id. 3, 47: eques pedesque certatim portis ruere, id. 27, 41: ad urbem infesto agmine, id. 3, 3: ad portas, Tac. A. 1, 66: ad convivium, id. H. 2, 68 fin.: per vias, id. ib. 5, 22: destinatā morte in proelium, Flor. 2, 18, 12: ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae, Curt. 4, 15, 3: de montibus amnes, Verg. A. 4, 164: flumina per campos, Ov. M. 1, 285: in Galliam Rhenus, Tac. H. 5, 19.—Poet., of time: vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox, i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250: revoluta ruebat dies, was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth: antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae, Verg. A. 6, 44.—B. Trop.
1. (Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):
ratio ruat omnis, Lucr. 4, 507: quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12: Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum, by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64: tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse, Just. 5, 1, 9.—2. (Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):
tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium, Cic. Marcell. 5, 14: emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere, to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11: cum cotidie rueret, Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2: compescere ruentes, Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34: ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia, id. ib. 1, 46: crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis, Liv. 3, 53: in servitium, Tac. A. 1, 7: in exitium, id. H. 1, 84: in sua fata, Ov. M. 6, 51: omnia fatis In pejus, Verg. G. 1, 200: quo scelesti ruitis? Hor. Epod. 7, 1: quo ruis, Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428: multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes, Quint. 2, 20, 2.—Poet., with inf.: quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata? Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71. scire ruunt, Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.—Impers. pass.: ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur, Liv. 8, 24.—II. Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)
A. Lit.:
imbres fluctusque ... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc., Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: naves (vis venti), Lucr. 1, 272: res impetibus crebris (venti), id. 1, 293: ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21: immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque, Verg. A. 9, 516: cumulos ruit pinguis harenae, breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one's self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—B. Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:
totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti), Verg. A. 1, 85: spumas salis aere, id. ib. 1, 35: cinerem et confusa Ossa focis, id. ib. 11, 211: atram nubem ad caelum (ignis), id. G. 2, 308: unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos, Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.: in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus, Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia; caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc., Dig. 19, 1, 17: in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur, ib. 50, 16, 241: ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit, Fest. p. 262 Müll.: ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur, Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ruō uī, ātus (P. fut. ruitūrus), ere
1 RV-, to fall with violence, rush down, fall down, tumble down, go to ruin : caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique, V.: ruere illa non possunt: tecta, tumble down , L.: Templa deum, H.: murus latius quam caederetur, L.: alta a culmine Troia, V.: ruit arduus aether, rain falls in torrents , V.: caelum in se, L.: ruit imbriferum ver, i. e. is ending , V.—Prov.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? i. e. what if the impossible happens? T.— To hasten, hurry, run, rush : id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant itaque turbent: (Pompeium) ruere nuntiant: Huc omnis turba ruebat, V.: ultro ruere ac se morti offerre, Ta.: in aquam, L.: in volnera ac tela, L.: ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae, Cu.: de montibus amnes, V.: per apertos flumina campos, O.: Nox ruit, i. e. hastens on , V.: antrum, Unde ruunt totidem voces, break forth , V.— To cause to fall, cast down, dash down, hurl to the ground, prostrate : Ceteros ruerem, agerem, T.: cumulos ruit harenae, levels , V.— To cast up, turn up, throw up, rake up : (mare) a sedibus (venti), V.: cinerem focis, V.: unde Divitias aerisque ruam acervos, H.—Fig., to fall, fail, sink, be ruined : ruere illam rem p.: sive ruet sive eriget rem p.— To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run : ad interitum: pati reum ruere, L.: crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem, L.: In sua fata, O.: omnia fatis In peius, V.: Quo quo scelesti ruitis? H.: ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur, L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *rowō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to run, hurry”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρούω (oroúō, “hurry”).
Descendants
- Frenchruer
- Italianruere
- Italianruire
- Portugueseruir
- Spanishruir
- Sardinianruere
- Sardinianarrui