verbthird conjugation, third person-only in the passive
īnstruō
īnstruō (present infinitive īnstruere, perfect active īnstrūxī, supine īnstrūctum)
Classical[ˈĩː.stru.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈin.stru.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to build in or into, insert; erect, construct
- to arrange, organise or organize, plan; devise
- to prepare (for), provide (for), make ready, set up, furnish, provide, equip, fit out, procure
- to provide with information, teach, inform, instruct
- to draw up (in battle formation), array, set in order, form
Romanus [...] dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit
The Roman general intended and arrayed [his forces] for a decisive battle, crossed the Tiber27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.15
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in ōrdinem pōnō; aciēs īnstrūcta ad pugnam parāta est.īnstruō -ere — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
in ōrdinem pōnōīnstruō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 13
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Præditus · Instructus · Exstructus · Ornatus
1. Præditus (præ-θετός) refers to a distinction which sheds lustre; instructus and exstructus to a qualification which attests usefulness; ornatus refers to both, for ornamentum is not, on the one side, that which is merely of use, like instrumentum, nor, on the other, that which is merely for show, like decus, but that which is of such eminent utility as to be prized even as an ornament. Instructus paints the qualification, etc., as a perfection which protects and secures; ornatus, as an accomplishment of an imposing nature. It is only in a higher point of view, and with reference to ideal claims, that ornatus is considered as a want; but, according to ordinary pretensions, it passes for a distinction of life. Cic. Phil. x. 4. Græcia copiis non instructa solum, sed etiam ornata. Sen. Tranq. 9. Sicut plerisque libri non studiorum instrumenta, sed cœnationum ornamenta sunt. 2. Instructus refers to persons and things, which act either offensively or defensively; exstructus to things which are for the most part only destined to be acted upon; for example, we say, instructæ naves but exstructæ mensæ. The exstructa are absolutely ready; the instructa are only relatively so, only fully prepared to be employed according to their destination. (iii. 260.) 3. Instructus refers to the possession of the means; paratus to the readiness of the possessor to employ them. (vi. 175.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnstruō | īnstruēbam | īnstruam | īnstrūxī | īnstrūxeram | īnstrūxerō |
| 2nd sg. | īnstruis | īnstruēbās | īnstruēs | īnstrūxistī | īnstrūxerās | īnstrūxeris |
| 3rd sg. | īnstruit | īnstruēbat | īnstruet | īnstrūxit | īnstrūxerat | īnstrūxerit |
| 1st pl. | īnstruimus | īnstruēbāmus | īnstruēmus | īnstrūximus | īnstrūxerāmus | īnstrūxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | īnstruitis | īnstruēbātis | īnstruētis | īnstrūxistis | īnstrūxerātis | īnstrūxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | īnstruunt | īnstruēbant | īnstruent | īnstrūxērunt īnstrūxēre | īnstrūxerant | īnstrūxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnstruam | īnstruerem | īnstrūxerim | īnstrūxissem |
| 2nd sg. | īnstruās | īnstruerēs | īnstrūxerīs | īnstrūxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | īnstruat | īnstrueret | īnstrūxerit | īnstrūxisset |
| 1st pl. | īnstruāmus | īnstruerēmus | īnstrūxerīmus | īnstrūxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | īnstruātis | īnstruerētis | īnstrūxerītis | īnstrūxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | īnstruant | īnstruerent | īnstrūxerint | īnstrūxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | īnstruitur | īnstruēbātur | īnstruētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | īnstruuntur | īnstruēbantur | īnstruentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | īnstruātur | īnstruerētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | īnstruantur | īnstruerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | īnstrue | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | īnstruite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | īnstruitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | īnstruitō | īnstruitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | īnstruitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | īnstruuntō | īnstruuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | īnstruere | īnstruī |
| perfect infinitive | īnstrūxisse | īnstrūctum esse |
| future infinitive | īnstrūctūrum esse | īnstrūctum īrī |
| present participle | īnstruēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | īnstrūctum īnstrūcta, īnstrūctā, īnstrūctae, īnstrūctam, īnstrūctārum, īnstrūctās, īnstrūcte, īnstrūctī, īnstrūctīs, īnstrūctō, īnstrūctōrum, īnstrūctōs, īnstrūctus |
| future participle | īnstrūctūrus īnstrūctūra, īnstrūctūrā, īnstrūctūrae, īnstrūctūram, īnstrūctūrārum, īnstrūctūrās, īnstrūctūre, īnstrūctūrī, īnstrūctūrīs, īnstrūctūrō, īnstrūctūrōrum, īnstrūctūrōs, īnstrūctūrum | īnstruendum īnstruenda, īnstruendā, īnstruendae, īnstruendam, īnstruendārum, īnstruendās, īnstruende, īnstruendīs, īnstruendōrum, īnstruendōs, īnstruendus |
gerundīnstruendī, īnstruendō, īnstruendumsupineīnstrūctum, īnstrūctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- domus necessariis rebus instructa
- a comfortably-furnished house.
- a doctrina mediocriter instructum esse
- to have received only a moderate education.
- aciem triplicem instruere (B. G. 1. 24)
- to draw up the army in three lines.
- navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere
- to equip a boat, a fleet.
- mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tusc. 5. 21. 62)
- to load the tables with the most exquisite viands.
- aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
- to draw up forces in battle-order.
- insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
- to waylay a person.
- convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide)
- to prepare, give a feast, dinner.
in-strŭo, xi (
I. perf. sync. instruxti, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 34), ctum, 3, v. a., to build in or into; to build,, erect, construct (class.).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
contabulationem in parietes, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: tubulos in earum (cloacarum) parietibus, Vitr. 5, 9, 7: muros, Nep. Them. 6: aggerem, Tac. H. 2, 22.—B. In partic.
1. To set in order, draw up in battle array:
legiones, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66: aciem, Cic. Mur. 9, 22; id. Phil. 4, 5, 11: contra copias praesidia vestrosque exercitus, id. Cat. 2, 11 init.—Absol.: ad instruendum spatium, Liv. 9, 37, 3; 10, 19, 15; 24, 48, 11: insidias in loco aliquo, to lay an ambush, id. Clu. 66, 190; cf.: quem insidiis instruendis locum? Liv. 6, 23, 6: acies circa vallum, id. 3, 22, 5: ad hunc modum aciem, Caes. B. C. 3, 88: postremo in plures ordines, Liv. 8, 8, 4: naves, Just. 5, 4, 1.—2. To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, to equip, fit out (with necessaries):
domum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9: instruere et parare convivium omnibus rebus, id. ib. 2, 4, 27, § 62: mensas, Verg. A. 3, 231; Ov. M. 8, 571: agrum, to stock, furnish, Liv. 6, 5, 5: hortos, Col. 11, 2, 25; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11: frumento et stipendio victorem, Just. 6, 6: et dotare filiam, Suet. Vesp. 14: mulieri aurum atque ornamenta, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 35: instruit focum provincia, Juv. 5, 97: socios simul instruit armis, Verg. A. 8, 80: concubinas securibus peltisque, Suet. Ner. 44: Xerxes bellum per quinquennium instruxit, Just. 2, 10, 12; 8, 5, 2.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., to procure, provide for, prepare for, furnish:
accusationem, Cic. Clu. 6: causam, Plin. Ep. 10, 85: in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus, in arranging, Cic. Brut. 59, 216: se, to furnish, prepare one's self: ad judicium nondum se satis instruxerat, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19: neque spatium erat instruendi bellum, Just. 8, 5, 2. — B. In partic., to provide with information, to teach, instruct:
(oratores) parum his artibus instructos vidimus, Cic. Brut. 59, 214: judicem notitiā rerum, Quint. 4, 2, 24: juvenes salubribus praeceptis, Petr. 140: aliquem scientiā alicujus rei, Quint. prooem. § 23; cf. id. 1, 10, 5; 2, 4, 20; 2, 5, 1 al.— Absol., Just. praef. 4 (but in Cic. Cael. 30, 72, the true reading is instituimur).— 2. To plan, devise:
magnas res hic agito in mentem instruere, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 31: instruendae fraudi intentior, Liv. 23, 35, 14: insidias mihi, Cat. 18 (21), 7.—Hence, instructus, a, um, P. a., ordered, drawn up; furnished, provided with any thing. A. Lit.:
exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut, etc., Liv. 4, 18: acies, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: domicilia rebus iis omnibus, quibus, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95: instructa et exornata domus, provided with necessaries, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 84: instructae ornataeque naves, id. ib. 2, 5, 51, § 133: instructae atque ornatae omnibus rebus copiae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 8: omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27.— B. Trop.
1. Arranged, prepared; instructed:
jam instructa sunt mihi in corde consilia omnia, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7: res satis scite instructae et compositae, Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39: ad permovendos animos instructi et parati, id. Or. 5: ad mortem contemnendam, id. Fin. 2, 17: ad dicendum instructissimus, id. de Or. 3, 8.—2. Instructed, versed in:
in jure civili, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249: omnibus ingenuis artibus, id. ib. 1, 16, 73: a jure civili, ab historia instructior (v. ab), id. Brut. 43.— In a bad sense: accusatores instructi et subornati, prepared, instructed, Cic. Vatin. 1, 3: vitiis instructior, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25.—Adv.: instructē, with great preparation; only comp.: ludos opulentius instructius facere, Liv. 1, 35, 7: instructius accusare, App. Mag. 34, p. 296.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īn-struō ūxī, ūctus, ere,
to build in, insert: Eam (contabulationem) in parietes, Cs.—Of troops, to form, set in order, draw up, array: ad instruendum spatium, L.: hosce, T.: exercitum, S.: aciem: aciem instructum habere, ut, etc., Cs.: Instructi acie Teucri, V.: in quo (loco) insidias, lay an ambush: acies circa vallum, L.: ad hunc modum acies instructa, Cs.—To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, equip, fit out (freq. in P. perf.): audierunt muros instrui, N.: parato atque instructo exercitu, Cs.: domum: mensas, V.: agrum, stock, L.: instruit focum provincia, Iu.—Fig., to procure, provide for, prepare: accusationem: in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus, arranging: sine viribus illis Bella instructa, O.: instruendae fraudi intentior, devising, L.—To inform, teach, instruct: testīs: orientia tempora Exemplis, H.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinīnstruō
Proto-Indo-European *ster- Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- Proto-Indo-European *strew- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *stréweti Proto-Italic *strowō Latin struō Latin īnstruō From in- (“in, at, on”) + struō (“pile up, arrange; construct”).
Descendants
- Catalaninstruir
- Englishinstruct
- Germaninstruieren
- Italianistruire
- Italianstruire
- Frenchinstruirefrom Old French enstruire
- Romanianinstruifrom Old French enstruire
- Portugueseinstruir
- Spanishinstruir
- Dutchinstrueren