gaudeō
Meaning
- to rejoice, make merry
Gaudeāmus igitur, iuvenēs dum sumus.
Let us therefore rejoice, while we are still young. - to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in, enjoy
[…] nēminī cēnsēbat fore dubium, quīn tam diū, dum ita gaudēret, nihil agitāre mente, nihil ratiōne, nihil cōgitātiōne cōnsequī posset.
[Archytas] believed that no one would doubt that as long as [that person] could be delighted in such a way [by extreme sensual pleasure], they would be able to attain nothing by stirring the mind, nothing by reason, nothing by reflection.106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 12.41Quid, victor, gaudēs? Haec tē victōria perdet.
What, victor, pleases you? This victory will destroy you. (The poet admonishes Sextus Tarquinius for his actions and foreshadows events which will follow the rape of Lucretia.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.811
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
gaudium sentiō; laetus sum.laetus sumChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Gaudere · Lætari · Hilaris · Alacer · Gestire · Exsultare
1. Gaudere (from γαῦρος) denotes joy as an inward state of mind, in opp. to dolor, like ἥδεσθαι; whereas lætari and hilarem esse, the utterance of joy. Tac. Hist. ii. 29. Ut valens processit, gaudium, miseratio, favor; versi in lætitiam . . . . laudantes gratantesque. 2. The lætus (from λιλαίομοι) shows his joy in a calm cheerfulness, which attests perfect satisfaction with the present, in opp. to mœstus, Tac. Ann. xv. 23; the hilaris (ἱλαρός) in awakened mirth, disposing to jest and laughter, in opp. to tristis; the alacer (ἀλκή) in energetic vivacity, evincing spirit and activity, in opp. to territus. Cic. Cœl. 28. The gaudens, the lætus, the hilaris, derive joy from a piece of good fortune; the alacer at the same time from employment and action. Cic. Divin. i. 33, 73. Equum alacrem lætus adspexit. Lætitia shows itself chiefly in an unwrinkled forehead, and a mouth curled for smiling; hilaritas, in eyes quickly moving, shining, and radiant with joy; alacritas, in eyes that roll, sparkle, and announce spirit. Sen. Ep. 116. Quantam serenitatem lætitia dat. Tac. Agr. 39. Fronte lætus, pectore anxius. Cic. Pis. 5. Te hilarioribus oculis quam solitus es intuente. 3. Gaudere and lætari denote a moderate; exsultare and gestire, and perhaps the antiquated word vitulari, a passionate, uncontrolled joy, as to exult and triumph; the gestiens (γηθεῖν) discovers this by an involuntary elevation of the whole being, sparkling eyes, inability to keep quiet, etc.; the exsultans, by a voluntary, full resignation of himself to joy, which displays itself, if not by skipping and jumping, at least by an indiscreet outbreak of joy, bordering on extravagance. 4. Jucundus denotes, like juvat me, a momentary excitement of joy; lætus, a more lasting state of joy; hence lætus is used as the stronger expression, in Plin. Ep. v. 12. Quam mihi a quocunque excoli jucundum, a te vero lætissimum est. (iii. 242.)
Conjugation conjugation 2 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gaudeō | gaudēbam | gaudēbō | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | gaudēs | gaudēbās | gaudēbis | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | gaudet | gaudēbat | gaudēbit | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | gaudēmus | gaudēbāmus | gaudēbimus | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | gaudētis | gaudēbātis | gaudēbitis | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | gaudent | gaudēbant | gaudēbunt | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gaudeam | gaudērem | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | gaudeās | gaudērēs | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | gaudeat | gaudēret | — | — |
| 1st pl. | gaudeāmus | gaudērēmus | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | gaudeātis | gaudērētis | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | gaudeant | gaudērent | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | gaudē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | gaudēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | gaudētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | gaudētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | gaudētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | gaudentō | — |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | gaudēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | gāvīsum esse | — |
| future infinitive | gāvīsūrum esse | — |
| present participle | gaudēns gaudente, gaudentem, gaudentēs, gaudentī, gaudentia, gaudentibus, gaudentis, gaudentīs, gaudentium | — |
| perfect participle | gāvīsus gāvīsa, gāvīsā, gāvīsae, gāvīsam, gāvīsārum, gāvīsās, gāvīse, gāvīsī, gāvīsīs, gāvīsō, gāvīsōrum, gāvīsōs | — |
| future participle | gāvīsūrus gāvīsūra, gāvīsūrā, gāvīsūrae, gāvīsūram, gāvīsūrārum, gāvīsūrās, gāvīsūre, gāvīsūrī, gāvīsūrīs, gāvīsūrō, gāvīsūrōrum, gāvīsūrōs, gāvīsūrum | gaudendus |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
- to rejoice in secret.
gaudere decet, laetari non decet, quoniam docendi causa a gaudio laetitiam distinguimus, Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 66); usually constr. with an object-clause, quod, the abl., or absol.; less freq. with the acc., cum, quia, the gen., si, etc. quae perfecta esse gaudeo vehementerque laetor, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136; cf.: quem tamen esse natum et nos gaudemus et haec civitas dum erit laetabitur, id. Lael. 4, 14: salvum te advenire gaudeo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 52: venire tu me gaudes? id. ib. 2, 2, 7: quos sibi Caesar oblatos gavisus, Caes. B. G. 4, 13 fin.: animus aliquid magnum agere gaudet, Quint. 1, 2, 30; 2, 1, 5; 9, 2, 78: laudari in bonis gaudent, id. 5, 12, 22: in domo vires remansuras esse gaudebant, Curt. 10, 7, 15; Sen. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 18: iterare culpam, Tac. H. 3, 11; Plin. Pan. 12, 4; cf.: motus doceri gaudet Ionicos, Hor. C. 3, 6, 21; 3, 18, 15: laedere gaudes, id. S. 1, 4, 78: spargere gaudes argumenta viri, Juv. 9, 84.—sane gaudeo, quod te interpellavi, Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1: gaude, quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 19: quod scribis te a Caesare cottidie plus diligi, immortaliter gaudeo, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; cf.: bonis viris quod ais probari quae adhuc fecerimus, valde gaudeo, id. Att. 9, 7, 6.—ipsa liberatione et vacuitate omnis molestiae gaudemus, omne autem id, quo gaudemus, voluptas est, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: correctione, id. Lael. 24, 90: illis, id. ib. 6, 22: aequitate justitiaque, id. ib. 22, 82: hoc scientiae genere, id. Off. 3, 33, 121: praeda ac populationibus, magis quam otio aut requie, Liv. 22, 9, 5: scaena gaudens miraculis, id. 5, 21, 9: equis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 26: equis canibusque, id. A. P. 162: rure, id. S. 1, 10, 45: pictis tabellis, id. ib. 1, 1, 72: carmine (with delectari iambis), id. Ep. 2, 2, 59: gaude sorte tua, id. Epod. 14, 15; cf.: ille cubans gaudet mutata sorte, id. S. 2, 6, 110: ero gaude, i. e. at your master's return, Cat. 31, 12; Juv. 6, 74; 209; 379; 7, 105.—Prov.: gaudet patientia duris, Luc. 9, 403.—tristis sit (servus), si eri sint tristes: hilarus sit, si gaudeant, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 6; 3, 4, 10: gaudebat, me laudabat, Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 5: gaudeat an doleat, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 12: et irasci nos et gaudere fingimus, Quint. 9, 2, 26: si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 6: de Bursa, te gaudere certo scio, id. Fam. 7, 2, 2: admonebo, ut in sinu gaudeant, gloriose loqui desinant, id. Tusc. 3, 21, 51.— (ε) With acc. (usually with homogeneous or general objects): hunc scio mea solide gavisurum gaudia, Ter. And. 5, 5, 8; cf.: ut suum gaudium gauderemus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1; Cat. 61, 119: jam id gaudeo, Ter. And. 2, 2, 25; cf.: gaudeo, etsi nil scio quod gaudeam, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 62: hoc aliud est, quod gaudeamus, id. Eun. 5, 9, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 63: quod gaudere posset, hoc fuit, Ov. M. 12, 607: nunc furit tam gavisos homines suum dolorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1: gaudent natorum fata parentes, Stat. Th. 4, 231: tu dulces lituos ululataque proelia gaudes, id. ib. 9, 724.—In pass.: ista pars gaudenda mihi potius quam, etc., Symm. Ep. 3, 29.—(ζ) With cum, quia, si, in, etc.: quom gravidam et quom te pulcre plenam aspicio, gaudeo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49; id. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: quom tu's liber, gaudeo, id. Men. 5, 9, 87: quia vos tranquillos video, gaudeo et volupe est mihi, id. Am. 3, 3, 3: Er. Gaude. He. Quid ego gaudeam? Er. Quia ego impero. Age, gaude modo, id. Capt. 4, 2, 59: gaudes, si cameram percusti forte, Hor. S. 2, 3, 273: mea Clotho et Lachesis gaudent, si pascitur inguine venter, Juv. 9, 136: crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris, Lucr. 3, 72: in puero, Prop. 2, 4, 18 (28): tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo, te amo, I for my part, as for myself, Cic. Fam. 6, 15; v. in the foll. the passage Lucr. 3, 145.—nec tantum Phoebo gaudet Parnasia rupes, Verg. E. 6, 29; 9, 48: postquam oleo gavisa cutis, Stat. Th. 6, 847: umore omnia hortensia gaudent, Plin. 19, 8, 39, § 131: rastris atque ablaqueationibus (myrrha), id. 12, 15, 33 § 66: addebantur et laudes, quibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi, Liv. 2, 60, 3: oratio gaudebit occasione laetius decurrendi, Quint. 12, 9, 2: (paeon) ante se brevibus gaudet pyrrhichio vel choreo, id. 9, 4, 111; 10, 7, 16: (vites) Amineae pingui arvo maxime gaudeant, Col. 3, 2, 16: id (sc. consilium, animus) sibi solum per se sapit: id sibi gaudet, rejoices for itself, Lucr. 3, 145.—ut in sinu gaudeant, Cic. Tusc. 3, 21, 51: qui sapit, in tacito gaudeat ille sinu, Tib. 4, 13, 8 (cf.: in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30): tam gaudet in se tamque se ipse miratur, Cat. 22, 17.—Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano Musa rogata refer, take my greetings to Celsus, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 1; so ib. 15.—Hence, gaudens, entis, P. a., joyful, cheerful (very rare): interea cum Musis nos delectabimus animo aequo, immo vero etiam gaudenti ac libenti, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 2; Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 9; Stat. S. 4, 6, 55: si quis Forte coheredum senior male tussiet, huic tu Dic ... gaudentem nummo te addicere, with pleasure, gladly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.—Adv.: gauden-ter, rejoicingly (late Lat. and rare), Pseud. August. ad Fratr. Erem. Serm. 10 al.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Probably contracted from *gāvideō, itself built from an otherwise unattested adjective *gāvidus according to the model of other terms such as ārdeō and āridus. The adjective *gāvidus may derive from Proto-Italic *gāwiðos, itself possibly from *geh₂widʰh₁-os. It is likely from the root *geh₂w- (“to rejoice”). The second long vowel in the participle gāvīsus may have formed according to the model of participles such as vīsus. Cognate with Gāius, Ancient Greek γαίω (gaíō), γάνῡμαι (gánūmai), γαῦρος (gaûros), γάνος (gános), Middle Irish guaire (“noble”).
- Catalangaudir
- Englishgaud
- Frenchgaudir
- Occitangaudir
- Interlinguagauder
- Italiangodere
- Sardiniangodirefrom Italian godere
- Dalmatiangaudar
- Istriotguodi
- Neapolitangodere
- Maltesegawdafrom Sicilian gòdiri
- Cimbriangòdaranfrom Venetan gòder
- Catalangoir
- Occitangausir
- Old Frenchjoir
- Megleno-Romaniangăudi
- Friuliangjoldi
- Ladingoder
- Romanshgiudair
- Emiliangôder
- Romagnolgudér
- Old Galician-Portuguesegoir
- Old Galician-Portuguesegouvir
- Old Navarro-Aragonesegodir
In English words that came into English from gaudeō
- joygaudia
- jogaudia
- gaudygaudium