“free” in Latin

(1) (1) Not impeded or oppressed by any encumbrance, liber (the proper word): solutus (delivered from anything that acts as a constraint). (The words are found in this connection and order.) liber et solutus; liber solutusque; solutus ac liber. Free from anything, liber, liberatus re or a re; vacuus re or a re (especially from anything burdensome or troublesome); expers alicujus rei (not partaking in or not subject to anything, especially of mental agitations and passions; ☞ Cic., Verr., 4, 10, 23,” vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumtu, molestia, munere”); intactus aliqua re (not yet affected or stirred by anything; e.g., by superstition; of passions, desires). ☞ “Free from anything” may also be sometimes expressed by the negative prefix “in;” e.g., f. from imposts, taxes, etc., immunis: free from guilt, innocens: free from intermixture, immixtus, etc.: free from burdens, imposts, etc., Vid: “EXEMPT from: “an estate free from all encumbrances, praedium solutum (opposed to obligatum, Cic. Rull., 3, 2, 9): free from fear, liber metu: free from care, liber cura (et angore); cura or curis vacuus; cura et angore vacuus; curae expers; curis liber solutusque; a sollicitudinibus et curis remotus (that has no care or grief; the last three of persons only); securus (without care; of one who feels no anxiety even when there is sufficient cause for it): to be entirely free from care, omnes curas abjecisse: in utramvis aurem or in dextram aurem dormire (Prov., Ter., Heaut., 2, 2, 100; Plin., Ep., 4, 29, in.): free from blame or guilt, vacuus a culpa; liber culpa; innocens; also, liber a delictis: free from passions, solutus or remotus a cupiditatibus: cupiditatum expers: to be free from anything, vacationem, immunitatem habere alicujus rei (the former of anything oppressive, but especially, like the latter, of any impost or duty, as military service, taxes, etc.); abesse, abhorrere a re (to be free from, e.g., of suspicion); carere aliqua re (not to have anything; e.g., a disease, mental agitation, fear, etc.): to make or set anybody free, Vid: To FREE. (2) Not subject to the commands or power of others, especially not to any civil coercion, liber (of people, states, etc.): ingenuus (free-born, or, like liberalis, worthy of a free-born man). A free man, homo liber, ingenuus; corpus liberum: the free population, plebs (opposed to slaves and nobility; Vid: Dilthey, Tac. Germ., 11, p. 98): a free state, people, etc., liber populus; libera civitas; civitas libera atque immunis (of one that had been tributary): to set free (a prisoner), aliquem e custodia emittere: to make a slave free, servum manu mittere. Vid: To EMANCIPATE. (3) Not subject to limitations or restrictions; and (a) Locally, patens, apertus (open): purus (καθαρός, without trees, buildings, etc.): liber († liber campus, Ov.). (b) With reference to the body, to matter: to let anything have its free course, aliquid non impedire: to set anybody free, aliquem e custodia emittere, or (if by violent means) aliquem e custodia eripere: I have free access to anybody, patet mihi aditus ad aliquem; est mihi aditus familiaris in alicujus domum: to escape scot-free, poenas non dare aliquid impune facere (or fecisse) [Vid: SCOT-FREE]. To have one’s hands free (IMPROP.), libere agere or facere posse: if I had my hands quite free, si essent omnia mihi solutissima: free motion, motus solutus et liber. (c) With reference to the free-will of man, liber: solutus (not tied down). (The words are found in this connection and order.) liber atque solutus: to be free, sui juris or suae potestatis, or in sua potestate esse, integrae ac solidae libertatis esse (to be one’s own master): nulla necessitate astrictum esse (not to be tied by anything): not to be free, ex alterius arbitrio pendere (☞ not aliunde or extrinsecus pendere, which, torn from the context of Cic., ad Fam., 5, 13, 2, we sometimes find, in modern writers, in this meaning): a man’s free will, voluntas libera or soluta; potestas libera; arbitrinm. I am free to, etc., liberum est mihi; meum arbitrium est: I am still free to, integrum est; res mihi integra est: I am no longer free to, etc., non jam mihi licet, neque integrum est, ut etc.: to reserve to one’s self the free right to, de aliqua re (or de aliquo) integrum sibi reservare: if it were free to me to, si integrum daretur (Cic., Partit., 38, 132): Free choice, soluta eligendi optio [Vid: CHOICE]: a free discussion, liberior in utramque partem disputatio (Quint.).

A free agent. As a free agent, or from his own free will, volens (opposed to coactus): non coactus: non invitus (= ἑκών, ἑκούσιος): voluntate (opposed to vi, or invitus et coactus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) judicio et voluntate: (sua) sponte. (The words are found in this connection and order.) sua sponte et voluntate: ultro (= αὐτομάτως, opposed to jussu alicujus, or jussus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sponte et ultro.

Free trade, jus commercii or commercium (the right of trading, general term): potestas merces exportandi (the right of exporting; after potestas equos educendi, Liv., 43, 5, 9), or *exportandi et invehendi: portoria sublata (plur., the abolition of all port dues and other duties, Cic., Att., 2, 16): *liberum commercii jus. (4)

Licentious, unrestrained, liberior: ad licentiam alicujus rei (e.g., scribendi) liber (Cic.): to be free in censuring anybody, vocis libertate perstringere aliquem: to be too free in censuring anybody, libertate intemperantius invehi in aliquem. (5)

Without pay, gratuitus (e.g., lodgings, hospitium; dwelling, habitatio): to have one’s lodging free, gratis habitare: to offer anybody a free lodging, *habitationem gratuitam alicui offerre: free-schooling, disciplina gratuita: a free table, victus gratuitus: anybody is a free scholar, *inter eos alumnos, qui publice (or regio sumtu) aluntur, locus alicui assignatur (in an institution, school, etc.): to give anybody his board free, *gratuitum victum alicui providere. (6)

Not tying one’s self down, or following the usual mode of thinking or acting, liber: solutus (not tied down). (The words are found in this connection and order.) liber atque solutus: to be so free (= to take the liberty; e.g., to speak), audere; sibi sumere: a free imitation, *imitatio soluta ac libera: a free translation, *verba scriptoris non totidem verbis translata: a free life, licentia: free manners, procacitas; protervitas: too free in one’s manners, procax: protervus.

To place in a state of freedom, libertatem alicui dare, largiri, concedere: aliquem in libertatem vocare, vindicare (general terms): aliquem manu mittere: aliquem manu asserere in libertatem (of a slave; the latter, of one who had before been free, publicly before the praetor; Vid: Ruhnken. Ter. Ad., 2, 1, 40): e custodia emittere, or (if by force) eripere (to set a prisoner at liberty), libertatem alicui reddere: aliquem in libertatem restituere (to restore the freedom of anybody). To free one’s self (from prison), e vinculis se expedire; ex vinculis effugere: carceris vincula rumpere (the last, if by force); also, se liberare; in libertatem se vindicare; libertatem capessere (to free one’s self, in general): to free one’s self from a yoke, jugum exuere; jugo se exuere; from one’s misfortunes, ex malis se emergere or se extrahere: to free from bondage or slavery, servitute liberare or excipere; servitio eximere; e servitute in libertatem restituere or vindicare; servile jugum e cervicibus alicujus dejicere; ab aliquo servitutis jugum depellere; alicui conditionem servilem eripere.

To rid from, to exempt, liberare re or a re: exsolvere re (to deliver): eximere re, or ex, or de re (with de re = to exempt from anything): levare re (to relieve from anything unpleasant; e.g., care, grief, fear, etc.): expedire re (to extricate): extrahere ex re (to drag out of): eripere ex or a re (to snatch out of; the last three, from dangerous positions, etc.). To free from disgrace, levare infamia; from torment, tormentis eripere; from fear, metu liberare, levare; a metu vindicare; from taxation, tithes, etc., agrum eximere de vectigalibus: freed from taxes or imposts, immunis liberque: freed, liberatus; liber; solutus; solutus ac liber. [SYN. in FREE To EXEMPT; and for “to free anybody from a charge,” Vid: To CLEAR.]

To clear from obstruction, Vid: To CLEAR.