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“dispute” in Latin

The English word dispute itself goes back to Latin putus, through disputo.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

dispute v.
Argue, on opposite sides, verbis contendere: concertare (to contend with words, in which sense disputare is never found): disputare: disserere (to discuss philosophically): to dispute about any question, to dispute a thing, aliquid in controversiam vocare or adducere: to dispute for and against, de re in contrarias partes or in utramque partem disputare; ambigere (to feel, express, etc., uncertainty; in Cic. mostly impersonal or passive: anything is disputed, aliquid ambigitur; also with dependent interrogative clause, utrum, quid, etc.): there is nothing that may not be disputed, omnis res habet naturam ambigendi (Cic., De Or., 3, 29).
Quarrel, Vid.
dispute s.
altercatio (where the disputants each strive to have the last word; mostly implying excessive heat): jurgium (when they will not listen to reason, but give vent to their ill humor by harsh words): rixa (a broil or fray, when things look, at least, as if it would come to blows): contentio (when the contenders would maintain the right against all opponents, and effect its purpose, whatever it may be, by the strenuous exertion of all their faculties): controversia (the simple notion of disputing against one another): disceptatio (when men commence a discussion in order to arrive at the truth, or discover what is right). To begin a dispute, altercari incipere (eum aliquo); causam jurgii inferre (to begin a quarrel): to have a dispute with anybody, altercari cum aliquo (about anything, de aliqua re); jurgio certare cum aliquo (Velleius, 2, 33, 2): a dispute arises between me and anybody about anything, oritur mihi de aliqua re altercatio cum aliquo: this was the origin of the dispute, hinc jurgium, inde jurgium fuit.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for dispute?
The usual Latin words for “dispute” are concertō, disputō, disserō; also addūcō, ambigō, altercātiō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.