verbsecond conjugation
circumsedeō
circumsedeō (present infinitive circumsedēre, perfect active circumsēdī, supine circumsessum)
Classical[kɪr.kũːˈsɛ.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[t͡ʃir.kumˈsɛː.de.o]
Meaning
- transitiveto sit around, surround, encompass
- transitiveto besiege, blockade, beset, invest, surround, encompass
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
oppidum circumdō, obsideōcircumsedeō -ēre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 7
obsessuscircumsessus -a -um — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 15
undique obsessuscircumsessus -a -um — in IVLIANVS III: Persia, ch. 20
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumsedeō | circumsedēbam | circumsedēbō | circumsēdī | circumsēderam | circumsēderō |
| 2nd sg. | circumsedēs | circumsedēbās | circumsedēbis | circumsēdistī | circumsēderās | circumsēderis |
| 3rd sg. | circumsedet | circumsedēbat | circumsedēbit | circumsēdit | circumsēderat | circumsēderit |
| 1st pl. | circumsedēmus | circumsedēbāmus | circumsedēbimus | circumsēdimus | circumsēderāmus | circumsēderimus |
| 2nd pl. | circumsedētis | circumsedēbātis | circumsedēbitis | circumsēdistis | circumsēderātis | circumsēderitis |
| 3rd pl. | circumsedent | circumsedēbant | circumsedēbunt | circumsēdērunt circumsēdēre | circumsēderant | circumsēderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumsedeam | circumsedērem | circumsēderim | circumsēdissem |
| 2nd sg. | circumsedeās | circumsedērēs | circumsēderīs | circumsēdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | circumsedeat | circumsedēret | circumsēderit | circumsēdisset |
| 1st pl. | circumsedeāmus | circumsedērēmus | circumsēderīmus | circumsēdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | circumsedeātis | circumsedērētis | circumsēderītis | circumsēdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | circumsedeant | circumsedērent | circumsēderint | circumsēdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumsedeor | circumsedēbar | circumsedēbor |
| 2nd sg. | circumsedēris circumsedēre | circumsedēbāris circumsedēbāre | circumsedēberis circumsedēbere |
| 3rd sg. | circumsedētur | circumsedēbātur | circumsedēbitur |
| 1st pl. | circumsedēmur | circumsedēbāmur | circumsedēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | circumsedēminī | circumsedēbāminī | circumsedēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumsedentur | circumsedēbantur | circumsedēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumsedear | circumsedērer |
| 2nd sg. | circumsedeāris circumsedeāre | circumsedērēris circumsedērēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumsedeātur | circumsedērētur |
| 1st pl. | circumsedeāmur | circumsedērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumsedeāminī | circumsedērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumsedeantur | circumsedērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | circumsedē | circumsedēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | circumsedēte | circumsedēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | circumsedētō | circumsedētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | circumsedētō | circumsedētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | circumsedētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | circumsedentō | circumsedentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | circumsedēre | circumsedērī |
| perfect infinitive | circumsēdisse | circumsessum esse |
| future infinitive | circumsessūrum esse | circumsessum īrī |
| present participle | circumsedēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | circumsessus circumsessa, circumsessā, circumsessae, circumsessam, circumsessārum, circumsessās, circumsesse, circumsessī, circumsessīs, circumsessō, circumsessōrum, circumsessōs |
| future participle | circumsessūrus circumsessūra, circumsessūrā, circumsessūrae, circumsessūram, circumsessūrārum, circumsessūrās, circumsessūre, circumsessūrī, circumsessūrīs, circumsessūrō, circumsessūrōrum, circumsessūrōs, circumsessūrum | circumsedendus circumsedenda, circumsedendā, circumsedendae, circumsedendam, circumsedendārum, circumsedendās, circumsedende, circumsedendīs, circumsedendōrum, circumsedendōs |
gerundcircumsedendī, circumsedendō, circumsedendumsupinecircumsessum, circumsessū
circum-sĕdĕo (sĭdĕo), sēdi, sessum, 2, v. a.,
I. to sit around a person or thing, to surround.
I. In gen., absol.:
inter tot milia populi circumsedentis, App. M. 3, p. 130, 2; Sid. Ep. 3, 13.—With acc.: florentes amicorum turba circumsedet: circa eversos ingens solitudo est, Sen. Ep. 9, 9.— Esp., II. To encamp around in a hostile manner, to besiege, blockade, invest, encompass, beset (in Cic. and Liv. several times;
elsewhere rare): qui Mutinam circumsedent, Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21; 10, 4, 10; id. Deiot. 9, 25; id. Att. 9, 12, 3; 9, 18, 2; 14, 9, 3; 15, 9, 2; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; Sall. J. 21, 3; Nep. Eum. 5, 4; Liv. 21, 10, 5; 23, 15, 3; 25, 13, 1; 25, 22, 7; 42, 65, 12: vallo et armis, Tac. A. 1, 42: curiam militibus, Val. Max. 3, 8, 5: legatus populi Romani circumsessus, non modo igni, ferro, manu, copiis oppugnatus, sed aliquā ex parte violatus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79: circumsessus es. A quibus? id. ib. 2, 1, 32, § 81: populus, qui te circumsedit, id. ib. 2, 1, 33, § 83; id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Tac. A. 4, 36: opem circumsessis ferre, Liv. 25, 22, 10: castra circumsessa, id. 3, 4, 8; 9, 42, 6: Capitolium, id. 5, 53, 5.—B. Trop.:
non ego sum ille ferreus, qui... non movear horum omnium lacrimis, a quibus me circumsessum videtis, Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3; so, circumsessum muliebribus blanditiis, Liv. 24, 4, 4: circumsederi urbem Romanam ab invidiā et odio finitimorum, id. 6, 6, 11.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
circum-sedeō sēdī, sessus, ēre,
to sit around, surround, besiege, blockade, invest, encompass, beset: Mutinam: te in castello: oppidum, S.: in castello circumsederi, N.: opem circumsessis ferre, L.— Fig., to surround, beset, besiege: a quibus me circumsessum videtis: circumsessum blanditiis, L.: circumsederi urbem ab invidiā finitimorum, L.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der. Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor. Latin circus Latin circum Latin circum- Proto-Indo-European *sed- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *sedéh₁yeti Proto-Italic *sedēō Latin sedeō Latin circumsedeō From circum- + sedeō (“sit”).