noun · masculinethird declension
sanguī̆s
sanguī̆s m (genitive sanguinis)
Classical[ˈsaŋ.ɡʷiːs]Ecclesiastical[ˈsaŋ.ɡʷis]
№ 214 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- blood
Tuscō sanguine terra rubet
The land is red with Tuscan blood.8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.212Plūrēs efficimur, quotiēns mētīmur ā vōbīs: sēmen est sanguī̆s Chrīstiānōrum.
Translation by Alexander Souter We spring up in greater numbers the more we are mown down by you: the blood of the Christians is the seed of a new life.c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullianus, Apologeticus L.13 - descent, descendant, parentage, progeny, blood relative, flesh-and-blood, family, race
‘Iuppiter,’ inquit, ‘habet Rōmāna potentia vīrēs:
‘‘Oh, Jupiter,’’ he said, ‘‘The Roman power [the Roman political state] [now] has strength [of its own]: It has no [further] need with the service of my blood [progeny; descendant].’’ (Jupiter hears the plea of Mars to deify his son Romulus (mythology).)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.483–484 - blood (consanguinity)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quod rubrum per vēnās fluit; vulnus sanguinem dat.sanguis -inis m — in Mille Verba, Corpus Hūmānum
(hīc) familia, genussanguis -inis (m) — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 3
ruber liquor corporissanguis -inis (m) — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 7, 10, 21 and Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 9
quod rubrum per corpus fluitsanguis -inis (m) — in Metamorphoses I, †
blood
sanguis — in Seneca, ch. XIV
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Sanguis · Cruor · Sanguineus · Sanguinolentus · Cruentus
1. Sanguis denotes the blood circulating in the body, living and supporting life, like αἷμα; cruor (κρύος) the blood gushing from the body, like βρότος. Cic. N. D. ii. 55. Sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur: comp. with Rosc. Am. 7, 19. Ut cruorem inimici quam recentissimum ostenderet. Tac. Ann. xii. 46. Mox ubi sanguis artus extremos suffuderit, levi ictu cruorem eliciunt atque invicem lambunt. Sanguis is the condition of physical life; cruor, the symbol of death by slaughter. 2. Sanguineus means, consisting of blood, sanguinolentus, smelling after blood, or blood-thirsty; cruentus, red with blood. (iv. 258.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sanguī̆s | sanguinēs |
| genitive | sanguinis | sanguinum |
| dative | sanguinī | sanguinibus |
| accusative | sanguinem | sanguinēs |
| ablative | sanguine | sanguinibus |
| vocative | sanguī̆s | sanguinēs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- sanguine manare, redundare
- to drip blood; to be deluged with blood.
- sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
- to shed one's blood for one's fatherland.
- victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
- the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought.
sanguis, ĭnis (acc. SANGVEM, Inscr. Fratr. Arval. tab. 41, 22; Inscr. Orell. 2270 and 5054; cf. ex-sanguis, acc. -em.—
I. Neutr. collat. form sanguen, ante-class., Enn. ap. Non. 224; id.ap.Cic.Rep. 1, 41, 64; id.ap.Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31; Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 218; id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P.; Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; Att. and Varr. ap. Non. l. l.; Lucr. 1, 837; 1, 860; Petr. 59, 1; Arn. 1, 36), m. etym. dub.; prob. root sak-, sag-, to drop, flow; cf. Angl.-Sax. sūc-an; Germ. saugen, blood (class. only in the sing.; cf. cruor).
I. Lit.:
guttam haut habeo sanguinis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 76: quod sanguen defluxerat, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19: sine sanguine hoc fieri non posse, bloodshed, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9: sanguen creari, Lucr. 1, 837: nobis venas et sanguen...esse, id. 1, 860: in quem (ventriculum cordis) sanguis a jecore per venam illam cavam influit: eoque modo ex his partibus sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138: fluvius Atratus sanguine, id. Div. 1, 43, 98: flumine sanguinis meum reditum interclu, dendum putaverunt, id. Red. ad Quir. 5, 14; id. Red. in Sen. 3, 6: nuntiatum est, in foro Subertano sanguinis rivos per totum diem fluxisse, Liv. 26, 23, 5: cum rivi sanguis flammam orientem restinguere, id. 28, 23, 2: pugnatum ingenti caede utrimque, plurimo sanguine, Liv. 2, 64: haurire sanguinem, to shed (another's) blood: ad meum sanguinem hauriendum advolaverunt, Cic. Sest. 24, 54: tanti sanguinis nostri hauriendi est sitis, Liv. 26, 13, 14: nisi hauriendum sanguinem laniendaque viscera nostra praebuerimus, id. 9, 1, 9: relicum sanguinem jubentes haurire, id. 22, 51, 7: multum sanguinem invicem hausimus, Curt. 4, 14, 17: multorum sanguinem hauserunt, Sen. Ben. 6, 30, 5; Lact. 5, 1, 8: sanguinem dare, to shed (one's own) blood, give (one's) life: in beluas strinximus ferrum, hauriendus aut dandus est sanguis, Liv. 7, 24, 4: dandus invidiae est sanguis, id. 3, 54, 4: quid super sanguinis, qui dari pro re publicā posset, rogitantes, id. 4, 58, 13; Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 2; 3, 18, 2: sanguinem mittere, to bleed, let blood, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2; so Cels. 2, 10; 4, 13; for which: emittere sanguinem de aure, Col. 6, 14, 3: sub caudā, id. 7, 5, 19; 6, 6, 4; 6, 9, 1: demere (e capite), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23: detrahere (ex auriculā), Col. 6, 14, 3; Cels. 2, 10, 4; 6, 6, 26: ex adversā parte de auriculā sanguinem mittere, Col. 7, 10, 2: supprimere sanguinem, to stanch, stop, Cels. 2, 10; for which: cohibere, id. 8, 4; Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147: sistere, id. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239.—2. Plur. (late Lat.):
vir sanguinum, i. e. bloody, violent, cruel, Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 7, 8; id. Psa. 5, 6; 25, 9; 54, 23; cf.: libera me de sanguinibus, i. e. the guilt of shedding blood, id. ib. 50, 15: vae civitati sanguinum, id. Ezech. 24, 9.— B. Transf. (class.; esp. freq. in the poets).
1. Blood, i. e. consanguinity, descent, race, stock, family.
a. Abstr.:
sanguine conjuncti, blood-relations, relatives by blood, Cic. Inv. 2, 53, 161; Sall. J. 10, 3: alicui materno a sanguine jungi, Ov. M. 2, 368: alicui sanguine cohaerere, Quint. 8, 3, 75: progeniem Trojano a sanguine duci, Verg. A. 1, 19; cf.: genus alto a sanguine Teucri, id. ib. 4, 230: Semiramio Polydaemona sanguine cretum, Ov. M. 5, 85: sanguine cretus Sisyphio, id. ib. 13, 31: nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, id. ib. 13, 142: nec iis tantum quos sanguine attingit amandus, Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 2: sanguinem sociare, Liv. 4, 4, 6: Tiridates sanguinis ejusdem, Tac. A. 6, 32.—b. Concr., a descendant, offspring: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64; and id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P. (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.:
non magis in alienis, quam in proximis ac sanguine ipso suo exerceret, Liv. 7, 4, 3: in suum sanguinem saevire, id. 40, 5, 1: Alexandri sanguis et stirps, Curt. 10, 6, 10: suum sanguinem perditum ire, Tac. A. 4, 66; 3, 4: ne secus quam suum sanguinem (eum) foveret ac tolleret, id. ib. 4, 8; Vell. 1, 10, 5; Val. Max. 5, 9, 4: seu deos regesve canit, deorum Sanguinem, etc., Hor. C. 4, 2, 14: clarus Anchisae Venerisque sanguis (i. e. Æneas), id. C. S. 50: regius sanguis (i. e. Europa), id. C. 3, 27, 65: vos, o Pompilius sanguis (i. e. the Pisos), id. A. P. 292: non ego, pauperum Sanguis parentum, id. C. 2, 20, 6: pro sanguine tuo, Ov. M. 5, 515: sanguis meus, Verg. A. 6, 836: tuus, Tib. 1, 6, 66; Stat. Th. 3, 559.—2. Of other fluids (rare):
et viridis nemori sanguis decedit et herbis, Manil. 5, 212: Baccheus, i. e. wine, Stat. Th. 1, 329; cf. Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58: Pallas amat turgentes sanguine baccas, Nemes. Ecl. 2, 50.—II. Trop., vigor, strength, force, spirit, life (class.), Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 45:
amisimus, mi Pomponi, omnem non modo sucum ac sanguinem, sed etiam colorem et speciem pristinam civitatis, Cic. Att. 4, 18, 2 (4, 16, 10); cf. Sall. Fragm. Or. Lepidi, § 25: vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque suo stant robore vires, Verg. A. 2, 639: quae cum de sanguine detraxisset aerarii, had bled the treasury (the figure taken from blood-letting), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 36, § 83; cf.: cum ἐξ ἀφαιρέσεως provinciam curarit, sanguinem miserit, etc., id. Att. 6, 1, 2: missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore, id. ib. 1, 16, 11: qui ab illo pestifero ac perdito civi jam pridem rei publicae sanguine saginantur, id. Sest. 36, 78; cf.: illa in agendis causis jam detrita: Jugulum petere et Sanguinem mittere...nec offendunt tamen, Quint. 8, 6, 51.—Of vigor, force of style: sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus usque ad hanc aetatem oratorum fuit, in quā naturalis inesset, non fucatus nitor, Cic. Brut. 9, 36: orationis subtilitas etsi non plurimi sanguinis est, etc., id. Or. 23, 76: sanguine et viribus niteat, Quint. 8, 3, 6; so (with vires) id. 10, 2, 12: Calvus metuens, ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat, Cic. Brut. 82, 283: dicta plena sanguinis, Quint. 11, 1, 34: sanguinem ipsum ac medullam verborum ejus eruere atque introspicere penitus, Gell. 18, 4, 2.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sanguis (poet. also sanguīs, V., O.), inis, m, or (old) sanguen, inis, n
blood : Sine sanguine fieri, bloodshed, T.: innocentium, slaughter: in sanguine versari, murder: fluvius Atratus sanguine fluxit: ad meum sanguinem hauriendum advolare, to shed my blood: hauriendus aut dandus est sanguis, we must slay or be slain, L.: sanguinem mittere, to let blood.—Blood, consanguinity, descent, race, stock, family: sanguine coniuncti, blood-relations: civium omnium sanguis coniunctus existimandus est: tibi materno a sanguine iunctus, O.: Progeniem Troiano a sanguine duci, V.: sanguine cretus Sisyphio, O.: sanguinem sociare, L.—A descendant, offspring, posterity, family, kindred: o sanguen dis oriundum! Enn. ap. C.: saevire in suum sanguinem, L.: Clarus Anchisae sanguis, i. e. Aeneas, H.: Regius, i. e. Europa, H.: meus, V.—Fig., vigor, strength, force, spirit, life: amisimus omnem sanguinem civitatis: quae cum de sanguine detraxisset aerari, had bled the treasury: missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore.—Of style, vigor, force, life, animation: sucus ille et sanguis inconruptus usque ad hanc aetatem oratorum fuit: orationis subtilitas etsi non plurimi sanguinis est.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *sangwens, with the first syllable san- from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, the oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ n (“blood”), whence also saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”) via suffixation. Old Latin assyr /aser /ascer (found in glosses only) likely reflects the nominative of the original paradigm. Later sanguĭs occurred as a regularization of sanguīs by analogy with the third-declension adjectival suffix -is. However, there is no consensus on whether the original nominative form was sanguīs m or sanguen n, but the development Proto-Italic *sangwens > Old Latin *sanguins > Classical Latin sanguīs seems most likely, since the expected Classical reflex of Old Latin **sanguens would be **sanguēs. Rather, sanguen can be explained as a later reshaping on the analogy of unguen, inguen etc. Cognate to Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn). Pittau also suggests Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌗𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌀 (sanxuneta, “the sanguinary”, with the enclitic article -𐌕𐌀 (-ta)) as a possible cognate.
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesesanguefrom Old Galician-Portuguese sangue
- Portuguesesangrefrom Old Galician-Portuguese sangue
- Spanishsangrefrom Old Spanish sangne
- Aragonesesangre
- Asturiansangre
- Falasangrifrom Old Galician-Portuguese sangue
- Galiciansanguefrom Old Galician-Portuguese sangue
- Galiciansangrefrom Old Galician-Portuguese sangue
- Ladinosangrefrom Old Spanish sangne
- Papiamentusangerfrom Old Spanish sangne
Gallo-Romance
- Catalansang
- Occitansang
- Franco-Provençalsang
- Old Frenchsanc
Borrowings
- Italiansanguine
- Interlinguasanguine
- Esperantosango
- Idosango
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniansânge
- Aromaniansãndzi
- Aromaniansãndze
- Aromaniansendzi
- Istro-Romaniansănze
- Megleno-Romaniansǫnzi
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiansangue
- Galluresesangufrom Corsican sangui
- Sassaresesangufrom Corsican sangui
- Dalmatiansuang
- Judeo-Italianסַאנְגוּוַה
- Cietisangiofrom Neapolitan sango
- San Valentinosanghefrom Neapolitan sango
- Silanosangiuofrom Neapolitan sango
- Siciliansangufrom Old Sicilian sangui
- Siciliansancufrom Old Sicilian sangui
Insular Romance
- Campidanesesàmbini
- Campidanesesànguni
- Logudoresesambene
- Logudoresesambine
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliansanc
- Friuliansang
- Friuliansangìt
- Friuliansanzit
- Ladinsango
- Ladinsanc
- Romanshsang
- Romanshsaung
Gallo-Italic
- Emiliansangv
- Emiliansangeu
- Emiliansanguv
- Emiliansango
- Emiliansanco
- Liguriansanghe
- Liguriansangue
- Lombardsangu
- Lombardsancu
- Lombardsanc
In English words that came into English from sanguī̆s
- sanguinesanguineus
- sanguinarysanguinārius
- consanguineouscōnsanguineus
- consanguinitycōnsanguinitās
- exsanguinateexsanguinātus
- sanguinolentsanguinolentus
- exsanguinesanguinēs
- sanguineoussanguineus
- sanguiferoussanguī̆s
- exsanguineoussanguī̆s
- sanguinariansanguī̆s
- consanguinealcōnsanguineus
- sanguinaceoussanguī̆s
- sanguifluoussanguī̆s
- exsanguiousexsanguis
- sanguisugesanguisuga