pangō

Meaning

1. to fasten, fix, set, especially drive, sink, force in
   Pangere fīgere, unde plantae pangī dīcuntur, quum in terram dēmittuntur; inde etiam versūs pangī vel fīgī in cērā dīcuntur.Pangere means to drive in, whence plants are said to be planted, when set into the ground; therefore verses too are said to be written or set in wax.1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 212, line 7:
2. broadlyto set, plant
   Hōc eōdem mēnse in pastinātō sēmināriō novissima positiō est oleāris tāleae, eamque oportet, cum pānxeris, fimō et cinere mīxtīs oblinere, et superpōnere mūscum, nē sōle findātur.In the same month is the last season for olive cuttings in a trenched nursery-bed, and you should besmear it with manure and ash mixed together when you plant it, and to set moss over it, so that they may not be split by the sun.4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De re rustica 11.2.42
3. broadlyto beget (children)
4. poeticusuallyin verse
   […]deinde quod obscūrā dē rē tam lūcida pangō[…] then because I compose poems so lucid about such an obscure subject, touching everything with the grace of the Muses.c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 1.933–934
   Nunc satis est dīxisse: “ego mīra poēmata pangō.”Nowadays it's enough to say “I compose wonderful poems.”c. 19 BCE, Horatius, Ars Poetica 416
5. poeticrarein prose
   Itaque ἀνέκδοτα ā nōbīs, quae tibi ūnī legāmus, Theopompiō genere aut etiam asperiōre multō pangentur.Therefore anecdotes, which I shall only read to you, will be composed by me, in Theopompian style or even more savage.68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 2.6.2
6. poeticin song
   Tibia Mūsārum pangit melosThe pipe sings the melody of the Muses.239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 293
   Pange et Anastasiō flēbile, Mūsa, melum et memorā tenuemSing to Anastasius too a flowing melody, Muse, and remember the delicate grammaticus, O dirge.c. 310 CE – c. 395 CE, Ausonius, Commemorātiō professōrum Burdigalēnsium 10.42–45
7. Late LatinMedieval Latinpoeticto celebrate, tell of, record, compose accounts of
   Facta nōs et iam probāta pangimus mīrācula.We tell of miracles done and already proven.a. 405 CE, Prudentius, Liber Cathēmerinōn 9.7
   Pange, lingua, glōriōsī corporis mystērium, sanguinisque prētiōsī, quem in mundī pretium frūctus ventris generōsīTell, tongue, of the mystery of the glorious Body, and of the precious blood, which, for the price of the world, the Fruit of the noble Womb, the King of Nations spilled.1225 CE – 1274 CE, Thomas Aquinas, Pange lingua 1–6
8. figurativelyto agree upon, settle
   Dūcentīs Philippīs rem pepigī.I've settled the matter for two hundred Philippics.c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 4.8.38
   […]Vēlāmina ThisbēsThe cloak of Thisbe he picks up and takes it with him to the shadow of the agreed upon tree.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 4.115–116
9. figurativelyto settle a price or monetary value
   Quod enim ita iūrātum est, ut mēns conciperet fierī oportere, id servandum est; quod aliter, id sī nōn fēcerit, nūllum est periūrium. Ut, sī praedōnibus pactum prō capite prētium non attulerīs, nūlla fraus sit, nē sī iūrātus quidem id nōn fēcerīs.That is to be kept, which is so sworn, that the mind conceives that it must be done; else, if one didn't do it, it's no perjury. Like, if you didn't bring the pirates the price settled for your head, there were no fraud, not even if you didn’t do it having vowed to prior.44 BCE, Cicero, De officiis 3.107
   Quendam ē cārīs ministrīs dispēnsātiōnem cuidam quasi frātrī petentem cum distulisset, ipsum candidātum ad sē vocāvit; exāctāque pecūniā, quantam is cum suffrāgātōre suō pepigerat, sine morā ōrdināvit; interpellantī mox ministrō: “Alium tibi,” ait, “quaere frātrem; hic, quem tuum putās, meus est.”When he [Vespasian] put off one of his dear servants requesting a stewardship for someone as for a brother, he called the candidate himself to him; and, having asked for as much money as that man had agreed with his advocate, he appointed him without delay; to the servant, soon asking about the matter, he said: “Search for another brother; this one, whom you believe your own, is mine.”121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vespasian 23.period2
10. figurativelyto make an agreement, pledge
    Sī quis medicāmentum cuipiam dederit ad aquam intercutem pepigeritque, sī eō medicāmentō sānus factus esset, nē illō medicāmentō umquam posteā ūterētur, sī eō medicāmentō sānus factus sit et annīs aliquot post inciderit in eundem morbum nec ab eō, quīcum pepigerat, impetret, ut iterum eō liceat utī, quid faciendum sit.What were to be done, if someone gave somebody a medicine for dropsy and made an agreement that, if he were to be made healthy by that medicine, he would never use that medicine afterwards, then, if he were made healthy by that medicine and some years afterwards fell sick to the same disease and didn't manage to get permission from the one he made a pledge with to use it again.44 BCE, Cicero, De officiis 3.92
    Pūblicō auxiliō nūllō adiūtī sunt, valuitque apud Vēientēs—nam dē cēterīs minus mīrum est—pacta cum Rōmulō indūtiārum fidēs.They were helped by no public aid, and the faith of the truce, agreed upon with Romulus, held among the Veiians—for it's less of a wonder concerning the others.59 BCE – 17 CE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 1.30.7
11. figurativelyto promise, pledge, arrange, undertake to perform
    Hespere, quī caelō lūcet iūcundior ignis? qui dēspōnsa tuā firmēs connūbia flammā, quae pepigēre virī, pepigērunt ante parentēs,Hesperus, what happier fire shines in the sky? for you strengthen with your flame the contracted marriages, which husbands have arranged, which parents have arranged beforehand, and united not before your fire arose.c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 62.26–29
    Gāiō Pompeiō Quīntō Vērāniō cōnsulibus pactum inter Claudium et Agrippīnam mātrimōnium iam fāmā, iam amōre inlicitō fīrmābātur.With Gnaeus Pompeius and Quintus Veranius as consuls, the espousal agreed between Claudius and Agrippina was already being strengthened by rumour, by illicit love.c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 12.5.1
12. figurativelyto betroth, promise in wedlock
    Nōn cultūs tibi cūra meī, nec pacta marītōMy rearing was not your concern, nor have I, betrothed to a husband, entered new bedchambers, with mother preparing them.43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovidius, Heroides 8.95–96
    Quāque iterum tacitō sparsit vaga lūmina vultū aut frātris quaerēns aut pactī coniugis arma,And wherever she cast wandering eyes with silent face either searching for her brother's or her betrothed husband's weapons, there fierce Jason, alone, met her.c. 90 CE, Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 584–586

Conjugation conjugation 3

Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879

Origins

From Proto-Italic *pangō, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂-n-ǵ-, a nasal-infixed form of *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fasten”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to attach, join”).

Related words