obscūrus
Meaning
- adjectivedark, dusky, shadowy
- adjectiveindistinct, unintelligible, obscure
- adjectiveintricate, involved, complicated
- adjectiveunknown, unrecognized
- adjectivereserved, secret, close
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
sine lūce, nōn clārus; nox obscūra.Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Obscurum · Tenebræ · Caligo · Tenebricosus · Opacus · Umbrosus
1. Obscurum (σκοτερόν) denotes darkness as an obstruction of light, like σκότος in opp. to illustre. Auct. ad Her. iii. 19, 32. Plin. Pan. 69; whereas tenebræ (δνοφεραί) as the absence of light,) like ζόφος, κνέφας,) in opp. to lux. Cic. Ep. ad Q. Fr. i. 2; lastly, caligo (from celare) as the positive opposite to light and brightness, like ἀχλύς. Caligo denotes a greater degree of darkness than tenebræ; tenebræ than obscuritas; obscuritas than opacum and umbrosum. Cic. Acad. iv. 23, 72. Sensus quidem non obscuros facit sed tenebricosos. Plin. Ep. vii. 21. Cubicula obductis velis opaca, nec tamen obscura facio. Tac. H. ii. 32. Senatum et populum nunquam obscurari nomina, etsi aliquando obumbrentur. Hence, figuratively, obscurus denotes only an insignificant person, of whom nobody takes notice; whereas tenebricosus something positively bad, which seeks darkness that it may remain unobserved. 2. Opacus denotes shady, with reference to a pleasant and beneficial coolness, in opp. to apertus and apricus, like εὔσκιος; whereas umbrosus (umbra, ἀμαυρός,) implies a depth of shade approaching to darkness, like σκιόεις. (iii. 168.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | obscūrus | obscūra | obscūrum |
| genitive | obscūrī | obscūrae | obscūrī |
| dative | obscūrō | obscūrae | obscūrō |
| accusative | obscūrum | obscūram | obscūrum |
| ablative | obscūrō | obscūrā | obscūrō |
| vocative | obscūre | obscūra | obscūrum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | obscūrī | obscūrae | obscūra |
| genitive | obscūrōrum | obscūrārum | obscūrōrum |
| dative | obscūrīs | obscūrīs | obscūrīs |
| accusative | obscūrōs | obscūrās | obscūra |
| ablative | obscūrīs | obscūrīs | obscūrīs |
| vocative | obscūrī | obscūrae | obscūra |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- humili, obscuro loco natus
- of humble, obscure origin.
- hic (ille) locus obscurus est
- this passage is obscure.
- humilibus (obscuris) parentibus natus
- of humble, obscure origin.
umbra, Verg. A. 6, 453: donec in obscurum coni conduxit acumen, the obscure point of the cone, Lucr. 4, 431: lucus, Verg. A. 9, 87: antrum, Ov. M. 4, 100: convalles, Verg. A. 6, 139: tabernae, Hor. A. P. 229; cf. Liv. 10, 1, 5: aliae res obnoxiosae nocte in obscurā latent, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 16 (17), 10 (Trag. v. 341 Vahl.): nox, Verg. A. 2, 420; cf.: per occasum solis, jam obscurā luce, Liv. 24, 21: caelum, Hor. C. 1, 7, 15: nimbus, Verg. A. 12, 416: nubes, id. G. 4, 60: ferrugo, i. e. black, id. ib. 1, 467: dentes, Juv. 6, 145.—Poet.: funda, dark, i. e. invisible, Val. Fl. 6, 193; cf. mamma, i. e. hidden, covered, id. 3, 52, 6: aquae, i. e. turbid, Ov. F. 4, 758.—Subst.: obscūrum, i, n., dim light, twilight: in obscuro, advesperascente die, Vulg. Prov. 7, 9; but commonly the dark, darkness, obscurity: sub obscurum noctis, Verg. G. 1, 478: lumen, i. e. darkness visible, Sall. J. 21, 2.—obscū-rum, adverb.: obscurum nimbosus dissidet aër, Luc. 5, 631.—ibant obscuri solā sub nocte per umbram, Verg. A. 6, 268: obscurus in ulvā Delitui, id. ib. 2, 135.—Heraclitus ... Clarus ob obscuram linguam, Lucr. 1, 639: valde Heraclitus obscurus (cf. the Gr. appellation of Heraclitus, ὁ σκοτεινός), Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133: quid? poëta nemo, nemo physicus obscurus? id. ib.: obscurā de re tam lucida pango carmina, Lucr. 1, 933; 4, 8: brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio, Hor. A. P. 25: reperta Graiorum, Lucr. 1, 136: obscurum et ignotum jus, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177: cur hoc tam est obscurum atque caecum? id. Agr. 2, 14, 35: nolo plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā expectatione haerere, uncertain, id. ib. 2, 25, 66.—Comp., Quint. 11, 3, 60.—Sup.: videre res obscurissimas, Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 153.—Subst.: causae in obscuro positae, Cels. 1 praef.— (causae privatae) sunt multo saepe obscuriores, id. de Or. 2, 24, 100.—forma, Ov. M. 3, 475: P Ilas, i. e. disguised, under another form, id. ib. 6, 36.—Esp. of rank and station, obscure, ignoble, mean, low: non est obscura tua in me benevolentia, Cic. Fam. 13, 70: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, * Caes. B. C. 1, 61: Pompeius humili atque obscuro loco natus, of an obscure, ignoble family, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181: obscuris orti majoribus, from obscure ancestors, id. Off. 1, 32, 116: clarus an obscurus, Quint. 5, 10, 26; cf.: si nobilis obscurum se vocet, id. 11, 1, 21; 2, 3, 9: non obscurus professor et auctor, id. 2, 15, 36: natus haud obscuro loco, Sall. C. 23, 1.— Neutr. absol.: in obscuro vitam habere, Sall. C. 51, 12: vitam per obscurum transmittere, in obscurity, Sen. Ep. 19, 3: saepe mandatum initio litis in obscuro est, kept back, Gai. Inst. 4, 84.—obscurus et astutus homo, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 5 (for which: sin me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, id. Fam. 3, 10, 8): plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94: Tiberium obscurum adversus alios, sibi uni incautum intectumque efficeret, Tac. A. 4, 1: obscurum odium, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—Comp.: natura obscurior, Tac. Agr. 42.—Adv.: ob-scūrē, darkly, obscurely (class.). dicta, Quint. 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 79.—Comp.: quae causa dicta obscurius est, Quint. 8, 2, 24.—Sup.: obscurissime particulā uti, Cell. 17, 13, 5: non obscurissime dicere (opp. planissime), id. 11, 16, 9.—obscure natus, Macr. S. 7, 3: obscurissime natus, Amm. 29, 1, 5.— malum obscure serpens, Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 6: tacite obscureque perire, id. Quint. 15, 50: non obscure ferre aliquid, id. Clu. 19, 54; cf. id. Par. 6, 1, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 54.—Comp.: ceteri sunt obscurius iniqui, more secretly, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2.—Sup.: avertere aliquid de publico quam obscurissime, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
A fossilised compound; from ob- + *scūrus (“dark”), from Proto-Italic *skoiros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃i-, extension of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark”). Compare Old Irish cíar (“dark”) and Old English hār (“grey-haired”).
- Catalanobscur
- Germanobskur
- Frenchobscurfrom Old French oscur
- Englishobscurefrom Old French oscur
- Italianoscuro
- Italianscuro
- Occitanescur
- Portugueseescuro
- Portugueseobscuro
- Romanianobscur