adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
novus
novus (feminine nova, neuter novum, comparative novior, superlative novissimus, adverb novē or noviter)
Classical[ˈnɔ.wʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈnɔː.vus]
№ 139 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectivenew, novel
nihil sub sole novum
there is nothing new under the sunc. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Ecclesiastes.1.10 - adjectivefresh, young
- adjectiverecent
- adjectiveunusual, strange, extraordinary
“Quis novus hic nostrīs successit sēdibus hospes?
“What [is it about] this unusual guest who has entered our home? How he bears [his noble] face, how brave in heart and in battle!” (Dido finds the appearance and character of Aeneas attractive; to her, he is not just another new or unknown visitor to Carthage.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.10-11
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quī nunc prīmum est vel factus est; templum novum.novus -a -um — in Mille Verba, Templum Graecum
new
novus -a -um — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 16
``new man''
novus homō — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 24
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Novus · Recens · Novicius
1. Novus means new, as that which did not exist in former times, in opp. to antiquus, like νέος; whereas recens (from candere) new, as one that has not long been in existence, in opp. to vetus. Cic. Verr. ii. 2. Mur. 7. 16. Tusc. iv. 17. Tac. Ann. ii. 88. iv. 12. Colum. vi. 12; like καινός. 2. Novus denotes new, indifferently; novicius (from νέαξ) with the accessory notion of being a novice, who must accustom himself, or be instructed by others, before he is qualified for something, in opp. to vetustus? (iv. 95.)
Extremus · Ultimus · Postremus · Novissimus
Extremus and ultimus denote the last in a continuous magnitude, in a space; extremus, the outermost part of a space, or of a surface, in opp. to intimus and medius, Cic. N. D. ii. 27, 54. Cluent. 65, like ἔσχατος; ultimus (superl. from ollus), the outermost point of a line, in opp. to citimus and proximus. Cic. Somn. 3. Prov. cons. 18. Liv. v. 38, 41, like λοῖσθος. Whereas postremus and novissimus denote the last in a discrete quantity, or magnitude consisting of separate parts, in a row of progressive numbers; postremus, the last in a row that is completed, in which it occupies the last place, in opp. to those that precede it, primus, princeps, tertius, like ὕστατος; whereas novissimus denotes the last in a row that is not complete, in which, as the last comer, it occupies the last place, in opp. to that which has none to follow it, but is last of all, like νέατος.
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | novus | nova | novum |
| genitive | novī | novae | novī |
| dative | novō | novae | novō |
| accusative | novum | novam | novum |
| ablative | novō | novā | novō |
| vocative | nove | nova | novum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | novī | novae | nova |
| genitive | novōrum | novārum | novōrum |
| dative | novīs | novīs | novīs |
| accusative | novōs | novās | nova |
| ablative | novīs | novīs | novīs |
| vocative | novī | novae | nova |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- homo novus
- a parvenu (a man no member of whose family has held curule office).
- novis rebus studere
- to hold revolutionary opinions.
- novam rationem ingredi
- to enter on a new method.
- novarum rerum cupidum esse
- to hold revolutionary opinions.
- novas religiones instituere
- to introduce a new religion, a new cult.
- novas res moliri (Verr. 2. 125)
- to plot a revolution.
- inducere novum verbum in latinam linguam
- to introduce a new word into the Latin language.
- homines seditiosi, turbulenti or novarum rerum cupidi
- revolutionists.
1 more phrases
- plebis dux, vulgi turbator, civis turbulentus, civis rerum novarum cupidus
- a demagogue, agitator.
nŏvus, a, um, adj. Sanscr. navas; Gr. νέος, i. e. νεϝος; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new,
I. new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
civitates condere novas, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: nova et a nobis inventa ratio, id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.: nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum, id. ib. 1, 14, 21: novus veteri exercitus jungitur, Liv. 7, 7; cf. miles, Sall. J. 87, 2: imperator, id. ib. 44, 2: novum de integro proelium, Liv. 24, 16: Camillus, id. 22, 14: consules, Suet. Caes. 15: serpens, which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266: caro, fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases. 1. Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:
sub Novis, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—2. Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:
tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium, Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.: beneficiorum novae tabulae, i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—3. Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:
adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi, Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.: in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro, id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.: M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo, id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.: hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques, Juv. 8, 237: nova nupta, a bride, Juv. 2, 120.—Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis νόημα, Quint. 8, 5, 12: novorum lectio, id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—4. Novae res, new things, novelties:
nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news: novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium, Plaut. Cas. prol. 70: num quidnam inquit novi? Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13: si quid novi vel sero invenissem, Quint. 2, 5, 3.—Plur.: novorum interpositione priora confundere, Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution: Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3: rerum novarum causam quaerere, id. Agr. 2, 33, 91: plebes novarum rerum cupida, Sall. C. 28, 4: cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat, id. ib. 37, 1: novarum rerum avidi, id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.— B. In partic.
1. New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:
flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3: nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.: novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum, id. Lig. 1, 1: nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5: novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere, Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591: nova monstra, Hor. C. 1, 2, 6: si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox, Quint. 4, 1, 33.—2. New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram, Ov. H. 11, 48.—(g). With inf.:
nova ferre jugum cervix, Sil. 16, 332.—3. Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:
vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—4. Recent:
tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua, Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—C. In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:
nova creatura, Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17: induite novum hominem, ib. Eph. 4, 24.—II. Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:
extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.: histriones, Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1: qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur, Caes. B. G. 5, 56: novissimum agmen, the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line: novissimis praesidio esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 20: novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt, id. ib. 2, 11: dixitque novissima verba, Verg. A. 4, 650: novissima cauda, i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963: luna, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—2. Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:
exempla, the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.: a summā spe, novissima exspectabat, id. ib. 6, 50: novissimum casum experitur, id. ib. 12, 33.—B. Esp. in eccl. Lat.
1. Youngest:
liberorum, Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—2. Lowest in rank or fortune:
de novissimis populi, Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—3. As subst.
a. Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
(a). Of place:
terrae, Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9: a summo ad novissimum, the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—(b). Of time:
habent spem in novissimo, Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—b. Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
(a). Of place, the bottom, depths:
abyssi, Vulg. Job. 38, 16.— (b). Of time:
habebis in novissimis spem, Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.: novissima hominis illius, the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms. (a). Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:
ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove! Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15: verba nove aut insigniter dicta, Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin.—(b). Form nŏvĭter, newly:
BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA, Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377): amor noviter venit, Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med.—Sup.: nŏvissĭmē. a. Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:
quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent, id. ib.: novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est, Sall. C. 33, 2: liber quem novissime tibi misi, Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1: eloquendi rationem novissime repertam, Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—b. Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:
dicam primum ... deinde ... novissime, Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2: primum ... post haec ... novissime, Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.: primum ... post haec ... novissime, id. 11, 2, 41: vel ... vel ... vel novissime, id. 7, 1, 37: et ... et ... et novissime, id. 2, 4, 10: cum plura interrogāsset ... novissime id inferebat, id. 5, 11, 3: novissime cum, etc. (= postremo), in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
novus adj.
1 NV-, new, not old, young, fresh, recent : civitates condere novas: nobilitas, S.: ut rursus novus de integro exsudetur labor, a new task . . . all over again , L.: imperator, S.: novum de integro proelium, L.: hanc ipsam novam (rem) devoravit, his latest windfall : flores, new-blown , H.: serpens, which has cast its old skin , O.: caro, fresh , Iu.—Plur m . as subst, the moderns, our contemporaries : Quae veteres factitarunt si faciant novi, T.—Sing n . as subst: num quidnam esset novi? any news? —With tabernae, the new shops (of money-changers in the Forum): tabernae argentariae, quae nunc novae appellantur, arsere, L.: sub novis (sc. tabernis): Nova via, New street (skirting the north-western slope of the Palatine hill), L.—With tabulae, new account-books, a new account (cancelling old debts): quid enim exspectas? bellum? . . . an tabulas novas? i. e. an abolition of debts : polliceri tabulas novas, S.—With homo, the first of a family to obtain a curule office, one newly ennobled, an upstart, self-made man : me hominem novum consulem fecistis: hominibus novis honores mandare.—As subst.. Hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, Iu.: pauci consules facti sunt, novus ante me nemo: plebes novos extollebat, men without ancestors , S.—With res, a new thing, news, novelty, innovation, revolution : rem ullam novam adlatam esse: Maelius novis rebus studens, a revolution : cupidus rerum novarum, Cs.: plebes novarum rerum cupida, S.: novarum rerum avidi, S.— New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of : em nova res ortast, T.: genus pugnae, Cs.: nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?: Ignoti nova forma viri, V.: monstra, H.: nova acies inaudita ante id tempus, L.—Sing n . as subst: ne quid novi fiat.— New, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced : maritus, T.: Et rudis ad partūs et nova miles eram, O.: delictis hostium novus, Ta.—Of order, only sup, latest, last, hindermost, extreme : novissimi histriones: novissimum agmen, rear , Cs.: verba, parting , V.: <*>auda, i. e. end , O.—Plur m . as subst, the rear, last line : novissimis praesidio esse, Cs.: novissimos adorti, Cs.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *nowos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. Cognates include Old English nīewe (English new), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Proto-Slavic *novъ, and Sanskrit नव (náva). Proto-Italic *nowos fails to become Latin *nuus due to specific conditions in the development of Latin, namely -o-(w)- being in the first syllable, whereas *dē nowōd (“anew”) became dēnuō.
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiannovo
- Italiannuovo
- Galluresenovufrom Corsican novu
- Galluresenoufrom Corsican novu
- Sassaresenobufrom Corsican novu
- Dalmatiannuf
- Istriotnuo
- Neapolitannuovo
- Siciliannovu
- Venetannovo
Gallo-Romance
- Catalannoufrom Old Catalan nou
- Occitannòufrom Old Occitan nou
- Franco-Provençalnôf
- Old Frenchnuef
- Gasconnaufrom Old Occitan nou
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesenovofrom Old Galician-Portuguese novo
- Spanishnuevofrom Old Spanish nuevo
- Aragonesenuevo
- Asturiannuevufrom Old Leonese nuevu
- Asturianñuevufrom Old Leonese nuevu
- Extremadurannuevufrom Old Leonese nuevu
- Leonesenuevufrom Old Leonese nuevu
- Mirandesenuobofrom Old Leonese nuevu
- Falanovufrom Old Galician-Portuguese novo
- Galiciannovofrom Old Galician-Portuguese novo
Insular Romance
- Sardiniannou
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniannou
- Aromaniannou
- Aromaniannãu
- Aromaniannão
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliangnûf
- Ladinnuef
- Romanshnov
- Romanshnouv
Gallo-Italic
- Emiliannôv
- Liguriannêuvo
- Lombardneuv
- Piedmonteseneuv
- Romagnolnôv
- Romagnolnöv
Borrowings
- Idonovafrom Esperanto nova
- Interlinguanove