noun · masculinethird declension
lapis
lapis m (genitive lapidis)
Classical[ˈɫa.pɪs]Ecclesiastical[ˈlaː.pis]
№ 840 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- masculinestone
Quod superest, quaecumque premes virgulta per agros, Sparge fimo pingui et multa memor occule terra, Aut lapidem bibulum aut squalentis infode conchas; Inter enim labentur aquae tenuisque subibit Halitus atque animos tollent sata; iamque reperti, Qui saxo super atque ingentis pondere testae Urgerent; hoc effusos munimen ad imbris,
Translation by James B. Greenough For the rest, whate'er The sets thou plantest in thy fields, thereon Strew refuse rich, and with abundant earth Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween Will water trickle and fine vapour creep, And so the plants their drooping spirits raise. Aye, and there have been, who with weight of stone Or heavy potsherd press them from above; This serves for shield in pelting showers, and this When the hot dog-star chaps the fields with drought.c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 2.346–353et lapis iste quem erexi in titulum vocabitur Domus Dei
And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's houseLate 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:22: - masculinemilestone
- masculineboundary stone
- masculinegravestone, tombstone
- masculinelapis manalis (“stone of manes”), which covers the gate of Hades or underworld
- masculinestone platform at a slave auction
- masculinestatue
- masculinepoeticjewel, precious stone
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
saxum; lapidēs altī in viīs mīlia passuum mōnstrant.lapis -idis m — in Mille Verba, ch. Via et Iter
saxum; mīliārium viaelapis -idis (m) — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 16
hīc: saxum viae mīliāriumlapis -idis (m) — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 3
dūra petra, saxumlapis -idis (m) — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 2
saxum, dūra petralapis -idis (m) — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 8
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Saxum · Rupes · Cautes · Petra · Scopuli · Lapis · Calculus · Scrupulus
1. Saxum, rupes, and cautes, are greater; lapis, calx, and scrupus, smaller masses of stone. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 22. Silex viridis ubi invenitur, lapis, non saxum est. 2. Saxa (from ψεκάς, ψήχω) are greater masses of stone, in whatever form, like πέτραι; rupes and petræ (πέτραι, from πεσεῖν) are steep and high, like rocks, and therefore difficult to climb; cautes and scopuli are rough and pointed, like crags, and therefore threaten danger; the cautes are smaller, and also not visible in the water, and therefore deceitful; the scopuli (from κόψαι) jutting upwards, threaten and announce danger, like σκόπελοι. 3. Lapis (ἄλιψ) is the most general expression, and denotes the stone only as a material substance, without regard to its form, like λίθος; calculus, is a smooth, generally round pebble; scrupulus, a rough, generally angular pebble; but for this meaning of scrupulus, the dimin. of scrupus, we have only the authority of grammarians; in authors it has only the figurative meaning of scruple. (v. 191.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | lapis | lapidēs |
| genitive | lapidis | lapidum |
| dative | lapidī | lapidibus |
| accusative | lapidem | lapidēs |
| ablative | lapide | lapidibus |
| vocative | lapis | lapidēs |
lăpis, ĭdis (abl. lapi, Enn. ap. Prisc. 708 P.;
I. gen. plur. lapiderum, C. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), m. (f.: tanto sublatae sunt augmine tunc lapides, Enn. ap. Non. 211, 9) [etym. dub.; perh. from same root with rupes; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 545; not connected with λᾶας, Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 542], a stone (cf.: saxum, silex, cautes, cos, calculus).
I. In gen.:
stillicidi casus lapidem cavat, Lucr. 1, 313: undique lapides in murum jaci coepti sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Mil. 15, 41: pars eminus glande aut lapidibus pugnare, Sall. J. 57, 4: lapide percussus, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33: lapidem habere, ut illi cerebrum excutiam, id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 197: consul ingentem vim modicorum, qui funda mitti possent, lapidum paraverat, Liv. 38, 20, 1; Gell. 4, 14, 3 sqq.: e lapide duro parietes construere, Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 171: lapis duritia marmoris, id. 36, 22, 46, § 163: bibulus, sandstone, pumice-stone, Verg. G. 2, 348: molaris, a millstone, Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf.: num me illue ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? i. e. into the mill, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16: Parius, Parian stone, i. e. Parian marble, Verg. A. 1, 593: lapide candidiore diem notare, i. e. to mark with a white stone the luckiest day, Cat. 68, 148; cf. lapillus.—B. Trop. for dulness, stupidity, want of feeling:
ego me credidi homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maximo, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47: i, quid stas, lapis? quin accipis? Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 43: tu, inquam, mulier, quae me omnino lapidem, non hominem putas, id. Hec. 2, 1, 17; and with silex (q. v.): tu es lapide silice stultior, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 78; cf.: lapides mehercule omnes flere ac lamentari coëgisses, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245: lapis est ferrumque suam quicumque puellam verberat, Tib. 1, 10, 59: aut mare prospiciens in saxo frigida sedi, quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui, Ov. H. 19, 30.—Prov.: lapidem ferre altera manu, altera panem ostentare, i. e. to flatter openly and injure secretly, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18: verberare lapidem, i. e. to hurt one's self more than one's enemy, id. Curc. 1, 3, 41: lapides loqui, to speak hard words, id. Aul. 2, 1, 29: ad eundem lapidem bis offendere, to commit the same error twice, Aus. Ep. 11; so, bis ad eundem (sc. lapidem), Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2.—II. In partic.
A. A mile-stone, set up on the roads at every thousand paces, which made a Roman mile;
hence, with an ordinal numeral added to denote distance in miles: ad quartum et vicesimum lapidem a Roma, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; cf.: effoditur ad vigesimum ab Urbe lapidem, Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159: sacra videt fieri sextus ab Urbe lapis, Ov. F. 6, 682: intra vicesimum lapidem, Liv. 5, 4 fin.: duodecimum apud lapidem, Tac. A. 3, 45: a tertio lapide, Flor. 2, 6 fin.: ad lapidem undecimum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.—Sometimes ellipt. without lapis: ad duodecimum a Cremona, Tac. H. 2, 24: ad quartum, id. ib. 2, 39: ad octavum, id. ib. 3, 15.—B. The stone or stone elevation on which the prætor stood at slavesales:
in eo ipso astas lapide, ubi praeco praedicat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17; Col. 3, 3, 8: praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos, Cic. Pis. 15, 35.—C. Terminalis, a landmark, boundary-stone, Amm. 18, 2, 15;
called lapis alone, Lact. 1, 20 fin.; so, lapis sacer, Liv. 41, 13; cf.: non fixus in agris, qui regeret certis finibus arva, lapis, Tib. 1, 3, 44; cf. id. 1, 1, 12.—D. A gravestone, tombstone, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 37; Tib. 1, 3, 54;
called also ultimus, Prop. 1, 17, 20.—E. A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl (mostly poet.), Cat. 69, 3:
gemmas et lapides, Hor. C. 3, 24, 48: clari lapides, id. ib. 4, 13, 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 432; Sil. 12, 231; Mart. 11, 50, 4; Tac. A. 3, 53; Macr. S. 7, 13, 11.—F. A statue: Jovem lapidem jurare, the statue of Jupiter at the Capitol, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; Gell. 1, 21, 4; v. Juppiter.—*
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
lapis idis, m
a stone: undique lapides in murum iaci coepti sunt, Cs.: eminus lapidibus pugnare, S.: lapides omnīs flere ac lamentari coëgisses: Ossa lapis fiunt, O.: bibulus, pumicestone, V.: Parius, Parian marble, V.: lapides varios radere, mosaic, H.: lapide diem candidiore notare, to mark as a lucky day, Ct.—As a term of reproach: i, quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis? T. —A monument to mark distance, mile-stone (at intervals of 1000 paces): sextus ab urbe lapis, O.: intra vicensimum lapidem, L.—The auctioneer's stone at a slave sale, platform: praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos.—A landmark, boundary-stone: sacer, L.—A grave-stone, tomb-stone: his scriptus notis, Tb.: ultimus, Pr.—A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl: gemmas et lapides, H.: clari lapides, H.—A statue: Iovem lapidem iurare, the statue of Jupiter: albus, a marble table, H.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *lapets. May be connected with Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), either from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”) (compare secō, saxum; rumpō, rupēs) or, more likely, a Mediterranean substrate language.
Descendants
- Catalanllabde
- Italianlapida
- Catalanlàpidafrom Italian lapida
- Italianlapide
- Spanishlaude
- Italianlapis
- Portugueselápide
- Spanishlápida
- Albanianlaps
- Asturianllábana