verbfirst conjugation, third person-only in the passive
labōrō
labōrō (present infinitive labōrāre, perfect active labōrāvī, supine labōrātum)
Classical[ɫaˈboː.roː]Ecclesiastical[laˈbɔː.ro]
№ 900 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to toil, labor, work
- to endeavor, strive
- to suffer, be oppressed, be afflicted with
ne ab re frumentaria duris subvectionibus laboraret
lest he should be afflicted with hard conveyances by the provisionsc. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico VII.10 - to be imperiled
- transitiveto produce
- to eclipse (said of the sun or moon)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
labōrem faciō; etiam: in malō sum — nāvis labōrat.labōrō -āre — in Mille Verba, Certāmina Gymnica
morbō premor, patiorlabōrō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 7, 15
to work
labōrō -āre — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 5, 19, 23, 24, 26
works
labōrat — in Seneca, ch. IX
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Labor · Molestia · Ærumna
1. Labor is the toil which requires strength and causes weariness, like πόνος; molestia (from μόλις, μαλερός) the trouble which, by its greatness or unseasonableness, dispirits, like χαλεπότης; ærumna (αἰρομένη) the hardship that almost exceeds human strength, and bows down even the hero, like ταλαιπωρία; an antiquated, half-poetical expression, in Cic. Fin. ii. 35, and Quintil. viii. 3, 26. Cic. Fin. v. 32. Ut ubi virtus sit resque magnæ et summe laudabiles virtute res gestæ, ibi esse miseria et ærumna non possit, tamen labor possit, possit molestia. (iv. 422.) 2. Laborare denotes, as an intransitive verb, to be in a state of trouble and toil; but elaborare, as a transitive verb, to produce something by trouble and toil. (i. 116.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | labōrō | labōrābam | labōrābō | labōrāvī | labōrāveram labōrāram | labōrāverō labōrārō |
| 2nd sg. | labōrās | labōrābās | labōrābis | labōrāvistī labōrāstī | labōrāverās labōrārās | labōrāveris labōrāris |
| 3rd sg. | labōrat | labōrābat | labōrābit | labōrāvit labōrāt | labōrāverat labōrārat | labōrāverit labōrārit |
| 1st pl. | labōrāmus | labōrābāmus | labōrābimus | labōrāvimus labōrāmus | labōrāverāmus labōrārāmus | labōrāverimus labōrārimus |
| 2nd pl. | labōrātis | labōrābātis | labōrābitis | labōrāvistis labōrāstis | labōrāverātis labōrārātis | labōrāveritis labōrāritis |
| 3rd pl. | labōrant | labōrābant | labōrābunt | labōrāvērunt labōrārunt, labōrāvēre | labōrāverant labōrārant | labōrāverint labōrārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | labōrem | labōrārem | labōrāverim labōrārim | labōrāvissem labōrāssem |
| 2nd sg. | labōrēs | labōrārēs | labōrāverīs labōrārīs | labōrāvissēs labōrāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | labōret | labōrāret | labōrāverit labōrārit | labōrāvisset labōrāsset |
| 1st pl. | labōrēmus | labōrārēmus | labōrāverīmus labōrārīmus | labōrāvissēmus labōrāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | labōrētis | labōrārētis | labōrāverītis labōrārītis | labōrāvissētis labōrāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | labōrent | labōrārent | labōrāverint labōrārint | labōrāvissent labōrāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | labōrātur | labōrābātur | labōrābitur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | labōrantur | labōrābantur | labōrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | labōrētur | labōrārētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | labōrentur | labōrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | labōrā | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | labōrāte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | labōrātō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | labōrātō | labōrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | labōrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | labōrantō | labōrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | labōrāre | labōrārī |
| perfect infinitive | labōrāvisse labōrāsse | labōrātum esse |
| future infinitive | labōrātūrum esse | labōrātum īrī |
| present participle | labōrāns labōrante, labōrantem, labōrantēs, labōrantī, labōrantia, labōrantibus, labōrantis, labōrantīs, labōrantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | labōrātum labōrāta, labōrātā, labōrātae, labōrātam, labōrātārum, labōrātās, labōrātī, labōrātōrum, labōrātōs, labōrātus |
| future participle | labōrātūrus labōrātūra, labōrātūrā, labōrātūrae, labōrātūram, labōrātūrārum, labōrātūrās, labōrātūre, labōrātūrī, labōrātūrīs, labōrātūrō, labōrātūrōrum, labōrātūrōs, labōrātūrum | labōrandum |
gerundlabōrandī, labōrandō, labōrandumsupinelabōrātum, labōrātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- laborare de pecunia
- to have pecuniary difficulties.
- fame laborare, premi
- to be tormented by hunger, to be starving.
- non laborare de aliqua re
- not to trouble oneself about a thing.
- contendere et laborare, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
- pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
- inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi
- to suffer from want of a thing.
- ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
- to have the gout.
lăbōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I. [2. labor].
I. Neutr., to labor, take pains, exert one's self, strive.
A. In gen.:
ne labora, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37: sese (aratores) sibi, laborare, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121: quid ego laboravi, aut quid egi, aut in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogitationes meae, si? etc., id. Par. 2, 17: ne familiares, si scuta ipsi ferrent, laborarent, id. Phil. 5, 6: si mea res esset, non magis laborarem, id. Fam. 13, 44; 74: qui non satis laborarunt, Quint. 8 prooem. § 29: frustra laborabimus, id. 6, 3, 35; cf.: frustra laboret Ausus idem, Hor. A. P. 241: in enodandis nominibus, to exert one's self in vain, Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 62: circa memoriam et pronuntiationem, Quint. 6, 4, 1: circa nomina rerum ambitiose, id. 3, 11, 21: in famam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 41, 3: in commune, Quint. 5, 11, 24; 8, 2, 18: in spem, Ov. M. 15, 367.—With dat., to toil for, to serve: cui (Jovi) tertia regna laborant, Sil. 8, 116.—With in and abl.: quid est, in quo se laborasse dicit? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124: qua in re mihi non arbitror diu laborandum, Quint. 2, 3, 2: in dura humo, Ov. F. 4, 416: in remigando, Vulg. Marc. 6, 48: in omni gente, in behalf of, Juv. 8, 239.—With pro: pro hoc (L. Flacco) laborant, Cic. Planc. 11, 28: pro salute mea, id. Dom. 11, 30: pro Sestio, id. Fam. 13, 8, 1.—With ut: laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret, Caes. B. G. 7, 31: ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi, Cic. Planc. 20, 50: ut vos decerneretis laboravi, id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28: neque te ut miretur turba labores, Hor. S. 1, 10, 73. —With ne: et sponsio illa ne fieret, laborasti, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132: quae ego ne frustra subierim ... laboro, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 5.—With inf.: quem perspexisse laborant, Hor. A. P. 435: amarique ab eo laboravi, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 5, 9: si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 127: quod audiri non laborarit, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2: hunc superare laboret, Hor. S. 41, 112; 2, 3, 269: ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarint, Nep. Pel. 3, 1: describere, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1.—B. In partic.
1. To suffer, to labor under, to be oppressed, afflicted, or troubled with.
(a). Absol.: aliud est dolere, aliud laborare. Cum varices secabantur C. Mario, dolebat: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat. Est inter haec tamen quaedam similitudo: consuetudo enim laborum perpessionem dolorum efficiet faciliorem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35:
valetudo tua me valde conturbat: significant enim tuae litterae, te prorsus laborare, id. Att. 7, 2, 2: cum sine febri laborassem, id. ib. 5, 8: eum graviter esse aegrum, quod vehementer ejus artus laborarent, id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61.—(b). With ex:
ex intestinis, Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1: ex pedibus, id. ib. 9, 23: ex renibus, id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60: e dolore, Ter. And. 1, 5, 33.—Esp. of mental disorders, etc.: ex invidia, Cic. Clu. 71, 202; id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: ex desiderio, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1: ex inscitia, id. Inv. 2, 2, 5: ex aere alieno laborare, to be oppressed with debt, Caes. B. C. 3, 22.—(d). With abl.:
laborantes utero puellae, Hor. C. 3, 22, 2: domesticā crudelitate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 154: nec vero quisquam stultus non horum morborum aliquo laborat, id. Fin. 1, 18, 59: odio apud hostes, contemptu inter socios, Liv. 6, 2: pestilentiā laboratum est, id. 1, 31, 5: crimine temeritatis, Quint. 12, 9, 14.—2. To grieve, be in trouble, be vexed, to be concerned, solicitous, or anxious:
animo laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret, Caes. B. G. 7, 31: ut vos decerneretis, laboravi, Cic. Prov. Cons. 11: nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis, id. Fam. 16, 4, 4: sponsio illa ne fieret laborasti, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132.— With de (esp. of events or persons on whose account one is concerned): sororem de fratrum morte laborantem, Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78: de quibus ego ante laborabam, ne, etc., id. Caecin. 1, 3: laboro, ut non minimum hac mea commendatione se consecutum videretur, id. Fam. 13, 26, 4: noli putare me de ulla re magis laborare, id. Att. 6, 1, 3: his de rebus eo magis laboro, quod, etc., id. Fam. 13, 56, 3: in uno, i. e. to love, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19: non laboro, nihil laboro, I don't trouble myself about it, it concerns me not: cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97: quorsum recidat responsum tuum non magnopere laboro, id. Rosc. Com. 15, 43: Tironi prospicit, de se nihil laborat, id. Phil. 8, 9, 26: quid est quod de iis laborat, id. ib. 8, 8, 27; id. Tusc. 1, 43, 103.—With abl.: tuā causā, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6: neglegens ne qua populus laborat, Hor. C. 3, 8, 25.—With in: in re familiari valde laboramus, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3.—3. To be in distress, difficulty, or danger:
quos laborantes conspexerat iis subsidia submittebat, Caes. B. G. 4, 26: suis laborantibus succurrere, id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4: ne legatus laborantibus suis auxilio foret, id. J. 52, 6; Curt. 9, 1, 15.—Impers. pass.: maxime ad superiores munitiones laboratur, Caes. B. G. 7, 85.—Of inanim. things: ut utraeque (triremes) ex concursu laborarent, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: nec cur fraternis luna laboret equis (of an eclipse of the moon, because the sun's light is then withdrawn from it), Prop. 2, 34, 52 (3, 32, 48 M.); so, luna laboret, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: cum luna laborare non creditur, Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 42: laboranti succurrere lunae, Juv. 6, 443: Aquilonibus Querceta laborant, Hor. C. 2, 9, 6: laborantem ratem deserere, Ov. P. 2, 6, 22: laborat carmen in fine, Petr. 45.—II. Act. (only since the Aug. per.; for in Cic. Cael. 22, 54, elaboratus is the correct reading).
A. To work out, elaborate, to form, make, prepare:
noctibus hibernis castrensia pensa laboro, Prop. 4, 3, 33: quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manus, Hor. Epod. 5, 60: arte laboratae vestes, Verg. A. 1, 639: laborata Ceres, bread, id. ib. 8, 181: et nobis et equis letum commune laboras, preparest, Sil. 16, 411.—B. To labor at, to cultivate:
frumenta ceterosque fructus, Tac. G. 45.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
labōrō āvī, ātus, āre
2 labor, to labor, take pains, endeavor, exert oneself, strive : ne labora, T.: sibi: frustra laboret Ausus idem, H.: in spem, O.: quid est, in quo se laborasse dicit? in durā humo, O.: in omni gente, in behalf of , Iu.: pro salute meā: laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adiungeret, Cs.: id laborare, ut deberent, etc., S.: ut honore dignus essem, laboravi: te ut miretur turba, H.: et sponsio illa ne fieret, laborasti: quem perspexisse laborant, H.: si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis: brevis esse, H.: ne quaerere quidem de tantā re, N.—With acc, to work out, work at, produce by toil, elaborate, form, make, prepare, cultivate : quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manūs, H.: Arte laboratae vestes, V.: laborata Ceres, bread , V.: frumenta ceterosque fructūs, Ta.— To suffer, labor under, be oppressed, be afflicted, be troubled : sine febri: e dolore, T.: ex pedibus: ex renibus: ex inscientiā: ex aere alieno laborare, be oppressed with debt , Cs.: a re frumentariā, Cs.: laborantes utero puellae, H.: horum morborum aliquo: pestilentiā laboratum est, L.— To grieve, be in trouble, be vexed, be concerned, be solicitous, be anxious : nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis: sponsio illa ne fieret laborasti: de quibus ego antea laborabam, ne, etc.: his de rebus eo magis laboro, quod, etc.: tuā causā: Neglegens ne quā populus laborat, H.: in re familiari: in uno, i. e. love , H.: cuius manu sit percussus, non laboro, do not concern myself.—To be in distress, be in difficulty, undergo danger : suis laborantibus succurrere, Cs.: laborantibus suis auxilio fore, S.: ut utraque (triremis) ex concursu laborarent, Cs.: cum luna laboret, is eclipsed : laboranti succurrere lunae, Iu.: Silvae laborantes, groaning , H.
Origins
- Old Latinlabōs
- Latinlabōrō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin laborō From labor + -ō.
Borrowings
- Catalanlaborar
- Frenchlabourerfrom Old French laborer
- Englishlabourfrom Old French laborer
- Englishlaborfrom Old French laborer
- Portugueselaborar
- Spanishlaborar
- Albanianlëroj
- Asturianllaborar
- Galicianlaborar
- Normanlabouotherfrom Old French laborer
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianlavorare
- Dalmatianlavorar
- Istriotlavurà
- Tuscan and Central Italianlavoràfrom Italian lavorare
- Tuscan and Central Italianlaoràfrom Italian lavorare
- Neapolitanlaurà
- Neapolitanlaborà
- Sicilianlavurari
- Venetanłavorar
- Venetanłaorar
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianlavorâ
- Ladinlaorar
- Ladinlaurar
- Romanshlavurar
- Romanshluvrar
Gallo-Italic
- Emilianlaurar
- Emilianlavorar
- Emilianlavurèr
- Lombardlaurà
- Piedmonteselauré
In English words that came into English from labōrō
- labourlaborare
- collaborationcollaboratus
- collaboratecollabōrātus
- elaborateēlabōrātus
- laborantlabōrāns