verbsecond conjugation, no perfect or supine stems
impendeō
impendeō (present infinitive impendēre)
Classical[ɪmˈpɛn.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[imˈpɛn.de.o]
Meaning
- to hang over, overhang
- to hover over, threaten, impend; to be imminent
Curius ubi intellegit, quantum periculum consuli inpendeat, propere per Fulviam Ciceroni dolum, qui parabatur, enuntiat. Ita illi ianua prohibiti tantum facinus frustra susceperant.
When Curius learnt how great the danger which threatened the consul was, he hastily reported to Cicero, through Fulvia, the trap which was being prepared. When the men were thus turned away from the door, they had undertaken such a great crime in vain.c. 42 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae 28.2–3Nam ut primum Oppianicus ex eo quod Scamander reus erat factus quid sibi impenderet coepit suspicari, statim se ad hominis egentis, audacis, in iudiciis corrumpendis exercitati, tum autem iudicis, Staieni familiaritatem applicavit.
For when at first Oppianicus, because Scamander had become a defendant, began to suspect what would threaten him, he at once applied himself to the friendship of a needy, audacious man, a man skilled in the corruption of judges, who was at that time nevertheless himself a judge, Staienus.66 BCE, Cicero, Pro Cluentio 24.66
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 2 perfect
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impendeō | impendēbam | impendēbō | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | impendēs | impendēbās | impendēbis | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | impendet | impendēbat | impendēbit | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | impendēmus | impendēbāmus | impendēbimus | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | impendētis | impendēbātis | impendēbitis | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | impendent | impendēbant | impendēbunt | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impendeam | impendērem | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | impendeās | impendērēs | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | impendeat | impendēret | — | — |
| 1st pl. | impendeāmus | impendērēmus | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | impendeātis | impendērētis | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | impendeant | impendērent | — | — |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impendeor | impendēbar | impendēbor |
| 2nd sg. | impendēris impendēre | impendēbāris impendēbāre | impendēberis impendēbere |
| 3rd sg. | impendētur | impendēbātur | impendēbitur |
| 1st pl. | impendēmur | impendēbāmur | impendēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | impendēminī | impendēbāminī | impendēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | impendentur | impendēbantur | impendēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impendear | impendērer |
| 2nd sg. | impendeāris impendeāre | impendērēris impendērēre |
| 3rd sg. | impendeātur | impendērētur |
| 1st pl. | impendeāmur | impendērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | impendeāminī | impendērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | impendeantur | impendērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | impendē | impendēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | impendēte | impendēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | impendētō | impendētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | impendētō | impendētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | impendētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | impendentō | impendentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | impendēre | impendērī |
| present participle | impendēns | — |
| future participle | — | impendendus impendenda, impendendā, impendendae, impendendam, impendendārum, impendendās, impendende, impendendīs, impendendōrum, impendendōs |
gerundimpendendī, impendendō, impendendum
impendĕo (inp-), ēre, v. n. and (anteclass.)
I. a. [in-pendeo], to hang over any thing, to overhang (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.; cf. immineo).
I. Lit.
a. Neutr.:
arbor in aedes illius impendet, Dig. 43, 26, 1: ut (gladius) impenderet illius beati cervicibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62: poëtae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt, id. ib. 4, 16, 35; id. Fin. 1, 18, 60; cf. Lucr. 3, 980: nucem impendere super tegulas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 14; Lucr. 6, 564; cf.: impendentium montium altitudines, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98.—b. Act.:
nec, mare quae impendent, vesco sale saxa peresa, etc., Lucr. 1, 326.—II. Trop., to hang or hover over a thing, to impend, to be near or imminent, to threaten.
a. Neutr., constr. in aliquem, alicui, or absol.
(a). With in aliquem:
tantae in te impendent ruinae, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77: licet undique omnes in me terrores impendeant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31.—(b). With dat.:
nunc jam alia cura impendet pectori, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 32: omnibus semper aliqui talis terror impendet, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35: poenas impendere iis, a quibus, etc., id. Rep. 3, 11 fin.: quid sibi impenderet, coepit suspicari, id. Clu. 24, 66.—(g). Absol.:
nimborum nocte coortā Inpendent atrae formidinis ora superne, Lucr. 4, 174; 6, 254: quae vero aderant jam et impendebant, quonam modo ea depellere potuissetis? Cic. Mil. 28, 76; cf.: ut ea, quae partim jam assunt, partim impendent moderate feramus, id. Fam. 4, 14, 1: dum impendere Parthi videbantur, id. Att. 6, 6, 3: tanta malorum impendet Ἰλιάς, id. ib. 8, 11, 3: belli magni timor impendet, id. Fam. 2, 11, 1; cf.: ille quidem semper impendebit timor, ne, etc., id. Rep. 2, 28: Ea contentio quae impendet, id. Att. 2, 22, 3: vento impendente, Verg. G. 1, 365: pluviā, id. ib. 4, 191: magnum bellum impendet a Parthis, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 6; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 60, § 157; id. Prov. Cons. 17, 42: impendentia ex ruinis et commutatione status publici pericula, Vell. 2, 35, 3.—b. Act.:
quae res me impendet, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. me, p. 16 Müll.: tanta te impendent mala, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2.!*? Part. pass.: impensus, a, um; poet. for impendens: tempestas atque tenebrae coperiunt maria ac terras inpensa superne, Lucr. 6, 491 Munro ad loc.; cf.: impensum ferrum, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1592.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
impendeō (in-p-) —, —, ēre,
to hang over, overhang: ut (gladius) impenderet illius cervicibus: saxum Tantalo: iter difficile; mons altissimus inpendebat, commanded (it), Cs.—Fig., to be at hand, be near, be imminent, threaten, impend: quae vero impendebant, ea depellere: dum impendere Parthi videbantur: ea contentio quae impendet: vento impendente, V.: licet omnes in me terrores impendeant: quantum periculi consuli inpendeat, S.: quid sibi impenderet, suspicari: nobis necessitudo impendet, presses upon, S.: inparatum tanta te impendent mala, T.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinimpendeō
Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti Proto-Italic *pendējō Proto-Italic *pendēō Latin pendeō Latin impendeō From in- + pendeō (“to be suspended, hang”).
Descendants
- Italianimpendere
- Englishimpend