verbsecond conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
pendeō
pendeō (present infinitive pendēre, perfect active pependī)
Classical[ˈpɛn.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpɛn.de.o]
Meaning
- intransitiveto hang (down), to be suspended; hover, overhang, float
[...] pendent opera interrupta, minaeque
… Works are interrupted — [pieces] hang [in mid-air] — [for] the massive battlements of walls and machines level with the sky. (Cranes, hoists, and scaffolds sit idle — construction of Carthage halts — because the queen has become so distracted: The work is both literally and figuratively “suspended.”)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.88-89 - intransitiveto hang about, loiter, tarry, linger
- intransitiveto be put in public, exposed for sale
- intransitiveto hang down; to be weak or without strength; sag, droop
- intransitiveto weigh
- intransitiveto have weight or value
- intransitiveto rest or depend upon
pendet ab officiō spēs mihi magna tuō.
A great hope of mine hangs on what you can do for me. (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 3.680 - intransitiveto hang upon a person's words; listen attentively to
[...] pendetque iterum nārrantis ab ōre.
… and once again [Dido] hangs on [Aeneas’s] lips [with every] retelling [of his story].29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.79 - intransitiveto be suspended, interrupted or discontinued
- intransitiveto be ready to fall, hang suspended
- intransitiveto be uncertain, perplexed or in suspense, waver
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
suspēnsus sumpendeō -ēre — in IVLIANVS III: Persia, ch. 1
ex aliquō haereōpendeō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 20
suspēnsus haereōpendeō -ēre — in Aeneis, ch. 9
Conjugation conjugation 2 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pendeō | pendēbam | pendēbō | pependī | pependeram | pependerō |
| 2nd sg. | pendēs | pendēbās | pendēbis | pependistī | pependerās | pependeris |
| 3rd sg. | pendet | pendēbat | pendēbit | pependit | pependerat | pependerit |
| 1st pl. | pendēmus | pendēbāmus | pendēbimus | pependimus | pependerāmus | pependerimus |
| 2nd pl. | pendētis | pendēbātis | pendēbitis | pependistis | pependerātis | pependeritis |
| 3rd pl. | pendent | pendēbant | pendēbunt | pependērunt pependēre | pependerant | pependerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pendeam | pendērem | pependerim | pependissem |
| 2nd sg. | pendeās | pendērēs | pependerīs | pependissēs |
| 3rd sg. | pendeat | pendēret | pependerit | pependisset |
| 1st pl. | pendeāmus | pendērēmus | pependerīmus | pependissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | pendeātis | pendērētis | pependerītis | pependissētis |
| 3rd pl. | pendeant | pendērent | pependerint | pependissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | pendē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | pendēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | pendētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | pendētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | pendētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | pendentō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | pendēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | pependisse | — |
| present participle | pendēns pendente, pendentem, pendentēs, pendentī, pendentia, pendentibus, pendentis, pendentīs, pendentium | — |
gerundpendendī, pendendō, pendendum
pendĕo, pĕpendi, 2, v. n. intr. of pendo, q. v.,
I. to hang, hang down, be suspended.
I. Lit., constr. with ab, ex, or in and abl.; also (poet.), with abl. alone, or with de: pendent peniculamenta, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 32 (Ann. v. 363 Vahl.): in candelabro pendet strigilis, Varr. ap. Non. 223, 7:
in arbore, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57: sagittae pende, bant ab umero, id. ib. 2, 4, 34, § 74: ex arbore, id. ib. 2, 3, 26, § 66: ubera circum (pueri), Verg. A. 8, 632: horrida pendebant molles super ora capilli, Ov. P. 3, 3, 17: capiti patiar sacros pendere corymbos, Prop. 2, 23, 35 (3, 28, 39): telum ... summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit, Verg. A. 2, 544: deque viri collo dulce pependit onus, Ov. F. 2, 760.—Of garments: chlamydemque ut pendeat apte, Collocat, Ov. M. 2, 733: tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent, Verg. A. 11, 577.—Of slaves, who were strung up to be flogged, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27: quando pendes per pedes, id. ib. 2, 2, 35: ibi pendentem ferit, id. Trin. 2, 1, 19; id. Truc. 4, 3, 3; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 48: quid me fiet nunciam? Theo. Verberibus caedere pendens, id. Most. 5, 2, 45: ego plectar pendens, nisi, etc., Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 43; id. Eun. 5, 6, 20.—Poet., of suspended votive offerings: omnibus heu portis pendent mea noxia vota, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 17. Tib. 1, 1, 16 (24): pendebatque vagi pastoris in arbore votum, id. 2, 5, 29: pendebit fistula pinu, Verg. E. 7, 24: multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma, Captivi pendent currus, etc., id. A. 7, 184.—Of one who hangs himself, Mart. 8, 61, 2: e trabe sublimi triste pependit onus, Ov. R. Am. 18: pendentem volo Zoilum videre, Mart. 4, 77, 5.—Of any thing hung up for public notice; of the names of persons accused, Suet. Dom. 9, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 1; of goods hung up, exposed for sale, Phaedr. 3, 4, 1; transf., of a debtor whose goods are exposed for sale, Suet. Claud. 9 fin.—Prov.: pendere filo or tenui filo, to hang by a thread, i. e. to be in great danger: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 153 Vahl.): omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo, Ov. P. 4, 3, 35; Val. Max. 6, 4, 1.—B. Transf. (mostly poet.; cf. immineo).
1. To hang in the air, be suspended, to float, hover, overhang: per speluncas saxis structas asperis, pendentibus, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 245 Rib.);
imitated, Lucr. 6, 195: hinc scopulus raucis pendet adesus aquis, Ov. H. 10, 26: dum siccā tellure licet, dum nubila pendent, Verg. G. 1, 214: hi summo in fluctu pendent, id. A. 1, 106: illisaque prora pependit, id. ib. 5, 206; Curt. 4, 2, 9: dumosā pendere procul de rupe videbo (capros), Verg. E. 1, 77: pendentes rupe capellae, Ov. P. 1, 8, 51.—So of birds, which float or hover in the air: olor niveis pendebat in aëra pennis, Ov. M. 7, 379; 8, 145: et supra vatem multa pependit avis, Mart. Spect. 21.— Of a rapid course: raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent, Stat. Th. 6, 638.—2. To hang loosely together, be unstable, movable:
opertum (litus) pendeat algā, Ov. M. 11, 233.—3. To hang about, loiter, tarry, linger anywhere:
nostroque in limine pendes, Verg. A. 6, 151.—4. To hang down, be flabby or flaccid, weak, without strength:
fluidos pendere lacertos, Ov. M. 15, 231: pendentesque genas et aniles aspice rugas, Juv. 10, 193.—5. To weigh:
offula cum duabus costis quae penderet III. et XX. pondo, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 11: cyathus pendet drachmas X., mna pendet drachmas Atticas centum, Plin. 21, 34, 109, § 185: Lucio Titio modios centum, qui singuli pondo centum pendeant, heres dato, Dig. 33, 6, 7.—II. Trop.
A. To hang, rest, or depend upon a person or thing (class.); constr. with ex, in, ab, the simple abl., or de:
tuorum, qui ex te pendent, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2: spes pendet ex fortunā, id. Par. 2, 17: ex quo verbo tota causa pendebat, id. de Or. 2, 25, 107; id. Fam. 5, 13, 1: hinc omnis pendet Lucilius, Hor. S. 1, 4, 6: an ignoratis. vectigalia perlevi saepe momento fortunae pendere? Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80: salus nostra, quae spe exiguā extremāque pendet, Cic. Fl. 2, 4: tam levi momento mea apud vos fama pendet, Liv. 2, 7, 10: pendere ex alterius vultu ac nutu, id. 39, 5, 3: oblite, tuā nostram pendere salutem, Sil. 3, 109: in sententiis omnium civium famam nostram fortunamque pendere, Cic. Pis. 41, 98: ex ancipiti temporum mutatione pendere, Curt. 4, 1, 27; Luc. 5, 686: deque tuis pendentia Dardana fatis, Sil. 13, 504; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 105: tyrannus, cum quo fatum pendebat amici, Juv. 4, 88.—B. To hang upon a person's words, to gaze fixedly, listen attentively to (poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.
haereo): (Dido) pendet iterum narrantis ab ore, Verg. A. 4, 79: narrantis conjux pendet ab ore viri, Ov. H. 1, 30: ab imagine pendet, Sil. 8, 93; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 72: pervigil Arcadio Tiphys pendebat ab astro, Val. Fl. 1, 481: attentus et pendens, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 7: ex vultu dicentis pendent omnium vultus, Sen. Contr. 9, 23, 5.—Poet., with a terminal clause: e summo pendent cupida agmina vallo, Noscere quisque suos, Stat. Th. 10, 457.—C. To be suspended, interrupted, discontinued (poet. and in post-class. prose):
pendent opera interrupta, Verg. A. 4, 88: mutui datio interdum pendet, Dig. 12, 1, 8: condictio pendet, ib. 7, 1, 12 fin.: actio negotiorum gestorum pendeat, ib. 3, 5, 8; 24, 1, 11: pendet jus liberorum, propter jus postliminii, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 5.—D. To hang suspended, be ready to fall:
nec amicum pendentem corruere patitur, Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—E. To be in suspense, to be uncertain, doubiful, irresolute, perplexed (cf. haesito):
animus tibi pendet? Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 18: nolo suspensam et incertam plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66: ne diutius pendeas, id. Att. 4, 15, 6: quia quam diu futurum hoc sit, non nimis pendeo, Sen. Ep. 61, 2: mortales pavidis cum pendent mentibus, Lucr. 6, 51.—Esp. freq.: pendere animi (locative case, v. Kühnast, Liv. Synt. p. 39): Clitipho cum spe pendebit animi, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: exanimatus pendet animi, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35: pendeo animi exspectatione Corfiniensi, id. Att. 8, 5, 2: animi pendeo et de te et de me, id. ib. 16, 12.—With rel.-clause: ego animi pendeo, quid illud sit negotii, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 18: ostendis te pendere animi, quamnam rationem, etc., Cic. Att. 11, 12, 1; id. Leg. 1, 3, 9.—Less freq.: pendere animo: atque animo noctu pendens eventa timebat, Cic. poët. ap. Non. 204, 8.—In plur.: animis: quodsi exspectando et desiderando pendemus animis, cruciamur, angimur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96: sollicitis ac pendentibus animis, Liv. 7, 30 fin. dub. (al. animi, v. Drak. ad loc.).—With cum: plebs innumera mentibus cum dimicationum curulium eventu pendentem, Amm. 14, 6, 26.—Law t. t., to be undetermined, to await decision: pendente condicione, Gai. Inst. 2, 200; 1, 186; 3, 179.—F. To have weight or value:
bona vera idem pendent, Sen. Ep. 66, 30 (Haas; al. pendunt).—Hence, pendens, entis, P. a. A. Hanging; in econom. lang., of fruits not yet plucked or gathered:
vinum, Cato, R. R. 147: vindemia, Dig. 19, 1, 25: olea, Cato, R. R. 146: fructus, Dig. 6, 1, 44. —B. Pending; hence, in jurid, Lat., in pendenti esse, to be pending, undecided, uncertain:
quando in pendenti est, an, etc., Dig. 38, 17, 10: in pendenti est posterior solutio ac prior, ib. 46, 3, 58; 7, 1, 25: in pendenti habere aliquid, to regard a thing as uncertain, doubtful, Dig. 49, 17, 19 fin.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
pendeō pependī, —, ēre
PAND-, to hang, hang down, be suspended : sagittae pendebant ab umero: pendebant molles super ora capilli, O.: telum summo clipei umbone pependit, V.: chlamydemque, ut pendeat apte, Conlocat, hang becomingly , O.: ego plectar pendens, shall be strung up and flogged , T.: pendebit fistula pinu, V.: E trabe pependit onus, O.: inter merces, be exposed for sale , Ph.: Omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo, i. e. are held by a frail tenure , O.— To hang in the air, be suspended, float, hover, overhang : Nunc scopulus raucis pendet adesus aquis, O.: Hi summo in fluctu pendent, V.: Dumosā pendere procul de rupe videbo (capros), V.: olor niveis pendebat in aëre pennis, O.: litus, quod pendeat, overhangs , O.— To hang about, loiter, tarry, linger : nostro in limine, V.— To hang down, be flabby, be flaccid, be weak, have no strength : fluidos pendere lacertos, O.: Pendentes genas aspice, Iu.—Fig., to hang, rest, depend, be dependent : quoniam opes eius ex patre suo penderent, S.: ex alterius voltu ac nutu, L.: spes pendet ex fortunā: ex quo verbo tota causa pendebat: vectigalia perlevi saepe momento fortunae pendere: in sententiis omnium civium famam nostram pendere: De te pendens amicus, devoted to you , H.: ex te tota pendebat, Ct.: tyrannus, Cum quo fatum pendebat amici, Iu.—Of the attention, to hang, give close attention, be absorbed, gaze fixedly : (Dido) pendet iterum narrantis ab ore, V., O.— To be suspended, be interrupted : pendent opera interrupta, V.— To be in suspense, be uncertain, hesitate, be irresolute, be perplexed : animus tibi pendet? T.: nolo suspensam plebem obscurā spe pendere: pendeo animi exspectatione Corfiniensi: sollicitis ac pendentibus animi, L.: pendebat adhuc belli fortuna, was in doubt , O.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *pendēō, from earlier *pendējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to stretch, pull, draw”). Related to pendō, pondus.
Insular Romance
- Sardinianpendhere
- Sardinianpendiri
- Sardinianpennere
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesepender
- Spanishpender
- Galicianpender
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianpendere
- Dalmatianpiandar
- Sicilianpènniri
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianpendâ
- Romanshpender
Gallo-Romance
- Old Frenchpendre
Elsewhere
- Emilianpànnder
- Vulgar Latin*pendicāre