LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective

firmus

firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter)
Classical[ˈfɪr.mʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈfir.mus]
Mille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. adjectivestrong, powerful
  2. adjectivestable, firm
  3. adjectivefaithful, steadfast, true

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

quī nōn movētur nec cadit; fīrmō pede stāre.
fīrmus -a -um — in Mille Verba, Templum Graecum
firm, steady
firmus — in Seneca, ch. III

Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms

Validus · Firmus · Robustus

1. Validus (from ὅλος, οὖλος), means strong, in an active sense, as able to perform something, in opp. to imbecillis, Cic. Fam. vii. 1. Plin. H. N. xiv. 21, like σθεναρός; whereas firmus and robustus, in a passive sense, as able to endure; firmum (from φράξαι, φάργνυμι), strong from an immovable position, and, consequently, stedfast, in opp. to labans, vacillans, and, for want of a corresponding adjective, to imbecillus, Cic. Fam. ix. 16. Sall. Jug. 10. Quintil. v. 10, 49, like βέβαιος; robustum (from ἐῤῥῶσθαι) through its compact nature, and its impenetrable and, consequently, durable materials, nearly in opp. to tenerum, like ῥωμαλέος and ἰσχυρός. 2. Imbecillitas denotes generally a mental, infirmitas, a bodily weakness, according to Cic. Fin. v. 45. In infirma ætate, imbecillaque mente: both are sometimes used in a mental sense, in which case imbecillitas denotes a natural weakness of the head or heart, a want of talent or of spirit; whereas infirmitas, a moral weakness of character, fickleness and uncertainty, for example: Cæs. B. G. vii. 77. Nolite stultitia ac temeritate vestra aut imbecillitate animi omnem Galliam prosternere; comp. with iv. 5. Cæsar infirmitatem Gallorum veritus, quod sunt in consiliis capiendis mobiles et rebus plerumque novis student. Or, Cic. Divin. ii. 60, with Fam. xv. 1. Or, Tac. Ann. iv. 8, with Hist. i. 9. (iv. 164.)

Declension

singular
formmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativefirmusfirmafirmum
genitivefirmīfirmaefirmī
dativefirmōfirmaefirmō
accusativefirmum
firmem
firmam
firmem
firmum
ablativefirmōfirmāfirmō
vocativefirmefirmafirmum
plural
formmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativefirmī
firmēs
firmae
firmēs
firma
firmia
genitivefirmōrum
firmium
firmārum
firmium
firmōrum
firmium
dativefirmīs
firmibus
firmīs
firmibus
firmīs
firmibus
accusativefirmōs
firmēs
firmās
firmēs
firma
firmia
ablativefirmīs
firmibus
firmīs
firmibus
firmīs
firmibus
vocativefirmī
firmēs
firmae
firmēs
firma
firmia

Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book

argumentum firmum, magnum
a strong, striking proof.
firma corporis constitutio or affectio
a good constitution.
bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
to enjoy good health.

firmus, a, um, adj. Sanscr. dhar-, dharā-mi, hold, support; Gr. θρᾶ-, θρή-σασθαι, to sit down, θρῆνυς, θρόνος; cf.: frētus, frēnum,
I. firm (in opp. to frail, destructible), steadfast, stable, strong, powerful (freq. and class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: constans, stabilis, solidus).
I. Lit.: nos fragili vastum ligno sulcavimus aequor: Quae tulit Aesoniden, firma carina fuit, Ov. P. 1, 4, 35: robora, Verg. A. 2, 481: arbor, Ov. A. A. 2, 652: vincula, id. F. 1, 370: janua, i. e. shut fast, id. Am. 2, 12, 3; cf. sera, id. P. 1, 2, 24: solum, Curt. 5, 1: firmioris testae murices, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: sunt et Amineae vites, firmissima vina. Verg. G. 2, 97: firmo cibo pasta pecus, strengthening, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2: firmius est triticum quam milium: id ipsum quam hordeum: ex tritico firmissima siligo, Cels. 2, 18: effice ut valeas, et ut ad nos firmus ac valens quam primum venias, Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1 and 2; cf.: mihi placebat, si firmior esses, etc., id. ib. 16, 5, 1: nondum satis firmo corpore, id. ib. 11, 27, 1: hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia affectissimi, Vell. 2, 84, 2.—With dat.: area firma templis sustinendis, Liv. 2, 5, 4: testa in structura oneri ferendo firma, Vitr. 2, 8, 19: adversis, Tac. Agr. 35 fin.
II. Trop., firm in strength or durability, also in opinion, affection, etc., fast, constant, steadfast, immovable, powerful, strong, true, faithful: quae enim domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae non odiis et discidiis funditus possit everti? Cic. Lael. 7, 23: res publica firma atque robusta, id. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf.: civitas imprimis firma, Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 2: Trinobantes prope firmissima earum regionum civitas, id. ib. 5, 20, 1; cf. also: Mutina firmissima et splendidissima colonia, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24: tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi, id. ib. 1, 3 fin.; and: evocatorum firma manus, id. Fam. 15, 4, 3: Antonius ab equitatu firmus esse dicebatur, strong in cavalry, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 2.— With ad and acc.: satis firmus ad castra facienda, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 1: Chrysippi consolatio ad veritatem firmissima est, Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 79: exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum, Liv. 23, 25, 6; cf.: cohortes minime firmae ad dimicandum, Caes. B. G. 7, 60, 2; Sall. H. 4, 62, 16.— With contra: Jugurtha nihil satis firmum contra Metellum putat, Sall. J. 80, 1.—With adversus: firmus adversus militarem largitionem, Tac. H. 2, 82: firmior adversus fortuita, id. ib. 4, 51: adversus convicia malosque rumores, Suet. Tib. 28.—Absol.: cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet, Nep. Eum. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 8; Sall. J. 56, 2: concordi populo nihil esse immutabilius, nihil firmius, Cic. Rep. 1, 32: praesidia firmissima, id. Fin. 1, 10, 35: fundamenta defensionis firmissima, id. Cael. 2, 7: firmior fortuna, id. Rep. 1, 17: constitutio Romuli, id. ib. 2, 31 (ap. Non. 526, 10): illud ratum, firmum, fixum fuisse vis, Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141: officii praecepta firma, stabilia, id. Off. 1, 2, 6; cf.: opinio, firma et stabilis, id. Brut. 30, 114: firma et constans assensio, id. Ac. 1, 11, 42: ne in maximis quidem rebus quicquam adhuc inveni firmius, id. Or. 71, 237: spem firmissimam habere, id. Fam. 6, 5, 4; cf., transf.: firmior candidatus, i. e. who has stronger, greater hopes of being elected, id. Att. 1, 1, 2: litterae, i. e. containing news that may be relied upon, id. ib. 7, 25; cf. id. ib. 16, 5: senatum sua sponte bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; cf.: vir in suscepta causa firmissimus, id. Mil. 33, 91: accusator firmus verusque, id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29; with this cf.: vir pro veritate firmissimus, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 19: sunt fortasse in sententia firmiores, id. Balb. 27, 61: firmus in hoc, Tib. 3, 2, 5: non firmus rectum defendis et haeres, Hor. S. 2, 7, 26: firmus proposito, Vell. 2, 63 fin.; so, firmissimus irā, Ov. M. 7, 457: firmo id constantique animo facias licet, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2: nunc opus pectore firmo, Verg. A. 6, 261: firmi amici sunt (opp.: amici collabascunt), Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16: firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), Cic. Lael. 17, 62: ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14: non brevis et suffragatoria, sed firma et perpetua amicitia, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 26: firmissimae amicitiae, Quint. 1, 2, 20: fides firma nobis, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 6.—*
(b). Poet. with inf.: fundus nec vendibilis nec pascere firmus, able, capable, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47. —Hence, adv., firmly, steadily, lastingly, powerfully; in two (equally common) forms: firme and firmĭter.
(a). Form firme, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 24; id. Trin. 2, 2, 54: insistere, Suet. Calig. 26: firme graviterque aliquid comprehendere, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; cf.: satis firme aliquid concipere animo, id. ib. 2, 2, 6: continere multa, Quint. 11, 2, 2: sustinere assensus suos, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 31: graviter et firme respondere, Plin. Ep. 6, 13, 3.—
(b). Form firmiter: firmiter hoc tuo sit pectore fixum, Lucil. ap. Non. 512, 20: nisi suffulcis firmiter, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77: insistere, Caes. B. G. 4, 26, 1: in suo gradu collocari, Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.: stabilita matrimonia, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 512, 23 (Rep. 6, 2 ed. Mos.): promisisse, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2 111: meminisse, Gell. 13, 8, 2.—
b. Comp.: firmius durare, Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 165: firmius coire, Ov. H. 19, 67.—
c. Sup.: asseverare, Cic. Att. 10, 14 fin.: pulvinus quam firmissime statuatur, Vitr. 5, 12.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*dʰer-
  2. Proto-Indo-European*dʰermos
  3. Proto-Italic*θermos
  4. Proto-Italic*fermos
  5. Latinfirmus

From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē). Cognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).

Elsewhere
  • Catalanferm
  • Frenchferme
  • Italianfermo
  • Occitanferm
  • Portuguesefirme
  • Romanianferm
  • Sardinianfírmu
  • Spanishfirme
  • Englishfirm
  • Germanfirm
Proto-Brythonic
  • Middle Bretonferff
  • Middle Bretonferf
  • Cornishfyrv
  • Welshffyrf

Quick answers

What does firmus mean in Latin?
firmus, a adjective, means “strong, powerful; stable, firm; faithful, steadfast, true”.
How do you pronounce firmus?
In classical Latin, [ˈfɪr.mʊs]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [ˈfir.mus].
Where does firmus come from?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- → Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos → Proto-Italic *θermos → Proto-Italic *fermos → Latin firmus.