LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“succeed” in Latin

The English word succeed itself goes back to Latin cēdō, through succedo.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

succeed
Transitively, To follow, sequi: subsequi. [Vid: FOLLOW.]
To follow another in a post or office, succedere alicui or in alicujus locum (general term, to take the place of another): in alicujus locum subrogari or suffici (to be elected to an office in the place of a person dead or discharged; the former, of election by the comitia; the latter, of election by the people). To succeed one on a throne, succedere regno in locum alicujus.
Intransitively, To have a prosperous issue, succedere: procedere (☞ the former rarely with bene or prospere, the latter rarely without one or the other; ☞ Herzog, Caes., B.G., 7, 26). It has succeeded to my wish, ex sententia successit (opposed to parum processit): a thing succeeds with me, succedit mini aliquid (it has a good result or issue); prospere or ex sententia evenit aliquid (it has the desired result).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for succeed?
The usual Latin words for “succeed” are sequor, subsequor, sufficiō; also succēdō, prōcēdō, prosperus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.