LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“sprout” in Latin

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

sprout s.
germen (as in a bud, etc.): surculus (shoot of a tree, that may be used as a setting to propagate the species, tree, etc.): sarmentum (a useless twig or shoot): stolo (an injurious sprout or sucker).
sprout v.
germinare: egerminare: progerminare: prosilire (of trees): herbescere (of grass, etc.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for sprout?
The usual Latin words for “sprout” are germen, surculus, sarmentum; also stolō, germinō, prōsiliō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.