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“demand” in Latin

The English word demand itself goes back to Latin mandō, through demando.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

demand v.
Claim, poscere: deposcere; exposcere: postulare; expostulare: flagitare; efflagitare: petere; expetere: (The words are found in this connection and order.) deposcere atque expetere [SYN. in CLAIM]: exigere (to demand the payment of a debt): to demand anything of or from anybody, rem ab aliquo petere, postulare, poscere; (as a due) rem exigere ab aliquo: to demand for or on behalf of anybody, petere pro altero (Cic.): petere alteri (Verg.): to demand by letter, per litteras flagitare: to have a right to demand, jure quodam suo postulare posse: justam postulandi causam habere.
To demand so much (for goods, etc.), poscere (e.g., quanti poscit - tanti, etc., Plaut.): indicare (opposed to promittere, to offer: to demand 100 sesterces, indicare centum numis).
Require, as needed, poscere: postulare [Vid. REQUIRE, NEED]: the time demands anything, tempus poscit: when circumstances shall demand, cum res postulabit: what both time and circumstances demand, quae tempus et necessitas flagitat: when necessity demands it, cum necessitas postulat: truth demands, veritas clamat: my interest demands it, ita ferunt rationes nostrae: do what your honour and the public interests demand, fac ex tua dignitate et e republica (Cic.): necessity demands it, id postulat necessitas (Cic.); id poscit usus (Caes.): it demands prudence, est prudentis: friendship demands, est amici: those subjects demand a long discourse, multi sermonis sunt ista.
demand s.
Claim, preces (demands or solicitations): postulatio (act of claiming; claim. It has no plur. in good prose, except in sense of “an expiatory sacrifice”): postulatum (thing demanded): at anybody’s demand, aliquo petente; postulante: what is your demand? quid est, quod me velis? quid vis faciam? to refuse anybody’s demand, alicui petenti negare: a demand not to be put up with, postulatum intolerabile: a shameless demand, postulatio impudens: very fair or moderate demands, postulata lenissima: a just demand, aequa et honesta postulatio: to resist a demand, postulationi alicujus resistere (Cic.): to comply with a demand, postulationi alicujus concedere; postulata facere (Nep.): to take anybody’s demands into consideration, de postulatis alicujus cognoscere (Caes., B.G., 4, 11): to make an unjust demand, iniquum postulare: I grant anybody’s demand, quod qs postulat, concedo: not to comply with a demand for anything, postulationem alicujus rei abjicere: an urgent demand, flagitatio; efflagitatio: an unseasonable demand, efflagitatio intempestiva.
The inquiring the price of anything; there is a great demand for anything (= it has a large sale), aliquid a multis expetitur. To be in demand, facile vendi; facile emtorem reperire (Plaut., Paen., 1, 2, 128). Goods that are in demand, merces vendibiles.
Claim for payment; to pay anything on demand, pecuniam repraesentare; pecuniam praesentem solvere (to anybody, alicui). The bill is payable on demand, pecunia ex syngrapha statim solvenda est; *pecunia ex syngrapha repraesentanda est. I will give you a bill on such a person, payable on demand: pecuniam ab aliquo [qui mihi debet] repraesentabo (Cic., Att., 12, 25). I will give you a bill on Faberius, payable on demand, pecuniam a Faberio repraesentabimus (Cic., Att., 12, 25). To make no further demand, amplius non petere: to give a security that no further demands will be made, satisdare amplius eo nomine non peti (a technical form of Roman law, Cic., Fam., 13, 28).
Legal claim, jus (a demand or right): petitio (an action in a court of justice to establish a claim): vindiciae (a judicial claim to anything or person): an unjust demand or claim, injustae vindiciae: the suit or process for establishing a demand, lis vindiciarum: to make a demand of anything, rem sibi vindicare, or ad se (whether in a court of justice, or otherwise): to enforce a demand against anybody, expetere jus a aliquo. Vid: CLAIM. s.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for demand?
The usual Latin words for “demand” are poscō, dēposcō, exposcō; also postulō, expostulō, flāgitō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.