verbthird conjugation
coquō
coquō (present infinitive coquere, perfect active coxī, supine coctum)
Classical[ˈkɔ.kʷoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkɔː.kʷo]
coctus perf. pass. ptcp.Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- transitiveto cook; prepare food
- transitiveto ripen
- transitiveto roast, dry
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
cibum igne parō; quod coquitur, super focum est.coquō -ere — in Mille Verba, Cibus et Convīvium
igne cibum parōcoquō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 19
cibum igne parōcoquō -ere — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 16
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | coquō | coquēbam | coquam | coxī | coxeram | coxerō |
| 2nd sg. | coquis | coquēbās | coquēs | coxistī | coxerās | coxeris |
| 3rd sg. | coquit | coquēbat | coquet | coxit | coxerat | coxerit |
| 1st pl. | coquimus | coquēbāmus | coquēmus | coximus | coxerāmus | coxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | coquitis | coquēbātis | coquētis | coxistis | coxerātis | coxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | coquunt | coquēbant | coquent | coxērunt coxēre | coxerant | coxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | coquam | coquerem | coxerim | coxissem |
| 2nd sg. | coquās | coquerēs | coxerīs | coxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | coquat | coqueret | coxerit | coxisset |
| 1st pl. | coquāmus | coquerēmus | coxerīmus | coxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | coquātis | coquerētis | coxerītis | coxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | coquant | coquerent | coxerint | coxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | coquor | coquēbar | coquar |
| 2nd sg. | coqueris coquere | coquēbāris coquēbāre | coquēris coquēre |
| 3rd sg. | coquitur | coquēbātur | coquētur |
| 1st pl. | coquimur | coquēbāmur | coquēmur |
| 2nd pl. | coquiminī | coquēbāminī | coquēminī |
| 3rd pl. | coquuntur | coquēbantur | coquentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | coquar | coquerer |
| 2nd sg. | coquāris coquāre | coquerēris coquerēre |
| 3rd sg. | coquātur | coquerētur |
| 1st pl. | coquāmur | coquerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | coquāminī | coquerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | coquantur | coquerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | coque | coquere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | coquite | coquiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | coquitō | coquitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | coquitō | coquitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | coquitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | coquuntō | coquuntor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | coquere | coquī |
| perfect infinitive | coxisse | coctum esse |
| future infinitive | coctūrum esse | coctum īrī |
| present participle | coquēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | coctus cocta, coctā, coctae, coctam, coctārum, coctās, cocte, coctī, coctīs, coctō, coctōrum, coctōs |
| future participle | coctūrus | coquendus coquenda, coquendā, coquendae, coquendam, coquendārum, coquendās, coquende, coquendīs, coquendōrum, coquendōs |
gerundcoquendī, coquendō, coquendumsupinecoctum, coctū
cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. πεπ in πέπτω or πέσσω; Germ. backen; Engl. bake,
I. to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).
I. Lit.:
cenam, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7: cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc., Nep. Cim. 4, 3: cibum, Lucr. 5, 1102; cf. cibaria, Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11; 44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98: quae coxerat aere cavo, Ov. M. 4, 505: dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā, cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450: humana exta, Hor. A. P. 186: (pavonem), id. S. 2, 2, 28: aliquid ex oleo, in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so, aliquid ex aceto, Scrib. Comp. 252. —Absol.: si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter? Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56: in nonum diem solet ire coctum, id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15: coquendo sit faxo et molendo, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—B. Subst.
1. coctum, i, n., cooked food:
quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing: ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret, Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.: cocta vendere, Suet. Claud. 38.—2. cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—
II. Transf.
A. To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:
laterculos, Cato, R. R. 39, 2: calcem, id. ib. 38, 1 sq.: carbonem, id. ib. fin.: locum sol, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.: glaebas maturis solibus aestas, Verg. G. 1, 66: cocta ligna, dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7: coctus agger, i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22. rosaria cocta matutino Noto, dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.: at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia, Hor. S. 2, 2, 41: aurum cum plumbo, Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60: aera fornacibus, Luc. 6, 405.—B. To ripen, make mature:
arbores sol ac luna, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4: uvas, id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf. vinum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and: mitis vindemia, Verg. G. 2, 522: poma (with matura), Cic. Sen. 19, 71: fructus solibus, Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23: messem, Mart. 10, 62 al.— C. = concoquo, to digest:
cibus confectus jam coctusque, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.: balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26: plerique ... bubulum coquunt, Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—III. Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).
A. To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;
bene coctum dabit, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.: consilia secreto, Liv. 2, 36, 2: bellum, id. 8, 3, 2: trucem invidiam, Stat. Th. 2, 300: iras cum fraude, Sil. 7, 403: Latio extrema coepta, id. 10, 431.—B. To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:
egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.: si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint. 12, 10, 77: quos ira metusque coquebat, Sil. 14, 103: quam ... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant, Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire.—Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.—Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
coquō coxī, coctus, ere
COC-, to cook, prepare by cooking, bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat: cena ei coquebatur, N.: cibaria, L.: coctus cibus, S.: venena, L.: aere cavo, O.: liba in foro, O.—To burn, parch, bake, dry up: glaebas solibus, V.: flumina, V.: obsonia (i. e. putrefacite), H.: cruor coquitur veneno, O.—To ripen, make mature: mitis vindemia, V.: poma cocta. — To digest: cibus confectus iam coctusque.—To prepare by fire: Telum solidum robore cocto, firedried, V.: rastra, to forge, Iu.—Fig., to elaborate, think out, mature, plan: consilia secreto, L.: bellum, L. — To vex, harass, disquiet, disturb: quae (cura) nunc te coquit, Enn. ap. C.: quam irae coquebant, V.
Origins
From earlier *quoquō, from Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti by /*p - *kʷ/ assimilation (compare quīnque, from *pénkʷe), from *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”). Cognate with Sanskrit पचति (pácati), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pacaⁱti), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō), Tocharian B päk-, Proto-Slavic *peťi, Albanian pjek.
In English words that came into English from coquō
- kitchencocīna
- currycoquō
- concoctionconcoctiō
- concoctconcoquō
- decoctiondecoctiō
- precociouspraecox
- ricottarecoctus
- coctilecoctilis
- decoctdēcoquō
- quittercoctura
- quittorcoctura
- coctioncoctiō
- recoctrecoctus