verbsecond conjugation
ārdeō
ārdeō (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum)
Classical[ˈaːr.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈar.de.o]
ārsus perf. pass. ptcp.№ 618 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to burn (be consumed by fire)
Augēbant metum prōdigia ex plūribus simul locīs nūntiāta:[…] et Praeneste ārdentēs lapidēs caelō cecidisse,[…]
Prodigies from various places announced at the same time increased fear: […] and at Praeneste burning rocks fell from the sky, […]27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 22.1.8–9Apparuitque eī Dominus in flammā ignis dē mediō rubī et vidēbat quod rubus ārdēret et nōn conbūrerētur.
The Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the middle of a bramble bush, and he saw that the bush was burning and not being consumed.c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Exodus.3.2 - to glow
Ārdent oculī.
His eyes are glowing.c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.62Ipse inflammatus scelere et furore in forum venit; ardebant oculi, toto ex ore crudelitas eminebat.
He came into the forum, burning with wickedness and rage; his eyes were blazing, and cruelty stood out from his whole face.70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.5.161 - poeticto glisten with a feature, usually with a colour
Ut prīmum ālātīs tetigit māgālia plantīs, Aenēān fundantem arcēs ac tēcta novantem cōnspicit. Atque illī stēllātus iaspide fulvā ēnsis erat, Tyriōque ārdēbat mūrice laena dēmissa ex umerīs, dīvēs quae mūnera Dīdō
As soon as he reached the huts with winged heels, Aeneas founding towers and making new houses he watched. And his sword was starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak glistened with Tyrian purple, hung from his shoulder, all gifts which the rich Dido had made, and had interwoven the web with thread of gold.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.259–264[…]Tum lātē ferreus hastīs
Then, the iron plain shivers far and wide with iron, and the fields glisten with raised weapons.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 11.601–602 - figurativelyto burn, be strongly affected with an emotion (not always specified; when it is, most often in the ablative, but also with ad or in)
Mē miserum! vix sum compos animī, ita ārdeō īrācundiā.
Woe is me! I hardly am in control of my soul, so much I burn with anger.160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 3.2.12Turnus ut īnfrāctōs adversō Mārte Latīnōs dēfēcisse videt, sua nunc prōmissa reposcī, sē sīgnārī oculīs, ultrō implācābilis ārdet
As Turnus sees the Latins crushed with Mars turned against them having gotten disheartened, his pledge called back, and himself the mark of every eye, burns moreover implacable and raises his courage.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 12.1–4 - figurativelyto be eager
- figurativelyto be ardently or fervently in love, to burn with (especially romantic) desire
ārserat Aenēae Dīdō miserābilis igne, ārserat exstructīs in sua fāta rogīs Wretched Dido, she had been burned with her fire for Aeneas; she had been burned on a funeral pyre built for her own death. (In a mere two lines, Ovid vividly summarizes the tragedy of Dido by contrasting two different meanings for the word ārserat.)
8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 3.545–546
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in flammīs sum; ignis in focō ārdet.ārdeō -ēre ārsī — in Mille Verba, Domus et Familia
flammā cōnsūmorardeō -ēre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 2
flammā ūror, calcōārdeō -ēre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 6
burns
ārdet — in Seneca, ch. XVII
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Ardere · Flagrare
Ardere (from ἐρεύθειν) means to be in a visible glowing heat, like αἴθειν; on the other hand, flagrare, to be in bright flames, like φλέγεσθαι. Hence, metaphorically, ardere is applied to a secret passion; flagrare, to a passion that bursts forth. Cic. Or. iii. 2, 8. Non vidit Crassus flagrantem bello Italiam, non ardentem invidia senatum. (iv. 21.)
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ārdeō | ārdēbam | ārdēbō | ārsī | ārseram | ārserō |
| 2nd sg. | ārdēs | ārdēbās | ārdēbis | ārsistī | ārserās | ārseris |
| 3rd sg. | ārdet | ārdēbat | ārdēbit | ārsit | ārserat | ārserit |
| 1st pl. | ārdēmus | ārdēbāmus | ārdēbimus | ārsimus | ārserāmus | ārserimus |
| 2nd pl. | ārdētis | ārdēbātis | ārdēbitis | ārsistis | ārserātis | ārseritis |
| 3rd pl. | ārdent | ārdēbant | ārdēbunt | ārsērunt ārsēre | ārserant | ārserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ārdeam | ārdērem | ārserim | ārsissem |
| 2nd sg. | ārdeās | ārdērēs | ārserīs | ārsissēs |
| 3rd sg. | ārdeat | ārdēret | ārserit | ārsisset |
| 1st pl. | ārdeāmus | ārdērēmus | ārserīmus | ārsissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | ārdeātis | ārdērētis | ārserītis | ārsissētis |
| 3rd pl. | ārdeant | ārdērent | ārserint | ārsissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ārdeor | ārdēbar | ārdēbor |
| 2nd sg. | ārdēris ārdēre | ārdēbāris ārdēbāre | ārdēberis ārdēbere |
| 3rd sg. | ārdētur | ārdēbātur | ārdēbitur |
| 1st pl. | ārdēmur | ārdēbāmur | ārdēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | ārdēminī | ārdēbāminī | ārdēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | ārdentur | ārdēbantur | ārdēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ārdear | ārdērer |
| 2nd sg. | ārdeāris ārdeāre | ārdērēris ārdērēre |
| 3rd sg. | ārdeātur | ārdērētur |
| 1st pl. | ārdeāmur | ārdērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ārdeāminī | ārdērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ārdeantur | ārdērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ārdē | ārdēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ārdēte | ārdēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | ārdētō | ārdētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | ārdētō | ārdētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | ārdētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | ārdentō | ārdentor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | ārdēre | ārdērī |
| perfect infinitive | ārsisse | ārsum esse |
| future infinitive | ārsūrum esse | ārsum īrī |
| present participle | ārdēns ārdente, ārdentem, ārdentēs, ārdentī, ārdentia, ārdentibus, ārdentis, ārdentīs, ārdentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | ārsus arsa, arsā, arsae, arsam, arsārum, arsās, arse, arsīs, arsō, arsōrum, arsōs |
| future participle | ārsūrus arsūra, arsūrā, arsūrae, arsūram, arsūrārum, arsūrās, arsūre, arsūrī, arsūrīs, arsūrō, arsūrōrum, arsūrōs, arsūrum | ārdendus ardenda, ardendā, ardendae, ardendam, ardendārum, ardendās, ardende, ardendīs, ardendōrum, ardendōs |
gerundārdendī, ārdendō, ārdendumsupineārsum, ārsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- sol ardet, urit
- the sun burns, scorches.
- ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88)
- to be fired with rage.
- odio or invidia alicuius ardere
- to be consumed with hatred.
- cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare
- to have an ardent longing for a thing.
- omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2)
- everywhere the torch of war is flaming.
- amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere
- to be fired with love.
- studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1)
- to have enthusiasm for a person or thing.
- doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli
- to feel acute pain.
1 more phrases
- incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Liv. 30. 7)
- to be on fire, in flames.
ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2,
I. v. n. (perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,
I. Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:
ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae, for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592: tecta ardentia, id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201: ardente domo, Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.: radii ardentes, Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.): caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti, Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121: vis ardens fulminis, Lucr. 6, 145: Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse, Liv. 22, 1: rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747: arsurae comae, Verg. A. 11, 77: videbat quod rubus arderet, Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—II. Trop.
A. Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:
fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.: oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens, Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—B. Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:
Tyrio ardebat murice laena, Verg. A. 4, 262: campi armis sublimibus ardent, id. ib. 11, 602. —C. In gen., of any passionate emotion or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).
(a). With abl.:
quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno, they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180: In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant, their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172: ardere flagitio, Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1: amore, Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47: iracundiā, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12: curā, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9: dolore et irā, Cic. Att. 2, 19: cupiditate, id. Pis. 24: studio et amore, id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2: desiderio, id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37: podagrae doloribus, to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94: furore, Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.: cum arderet Syria bello, Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—(b). Without an abl.:
ipse ardere videris, Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145: omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant, were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34: Ardet, Ov. M. 6, 609: ultro implacabilis ardet, Verg. A. 12, 3: ardet in arma, id. ib. 12, 71; so, in caedem, Tac. H. 1, 43.—Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing: ruere ardet utroque, Ov. M. 5, 166: Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras, Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror): ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo, Ov. M. 4, 62: deus arsit in illā, id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.: laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19): arsit Virgine raptā, Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1: comptos arsit adulteri Crines, Hor. C. 4, 9, 13: delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt, Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind. !*? * Pass. arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.—ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop. A. Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:
ardentissimum tempus, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123: Austri ardentes, id. 12, 19, 42, § 93: quinta (zona) est ardentior illis, hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46: ardens Africa, Luc. 9, 729.—B. Trop.
1. Of the eyes:
oculi, glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—2. Of color:
ardentissimus color, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16: apes ardentes auro, glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—3. Of wounds, burning, smarting:
ardenti morsu premere dolorem, with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—5. Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:
avaritia ardens, Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36: mortem ardentiore studio petere, id. ib. 2, 19, 61: ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit, id. Att. 14, 10 fin.: ardentissimus dux, Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2: ardentissimus amor, Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2: studia, Ov. M. 1, 199: Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis, Vulg. Luc. 24, 32: furor, ib. Isa. 30, 27: miserere ardentis (sc. amore), Ov. M. 14, 691.—Poet. with gen.: ardens caedis, Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse: nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio, Cic. Or. 38, 132: verbum, id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.): nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit, id. de Or. 2, 45, 190: orator gravis, acer, ardens, id. Or. 28, 99 al.— Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately: ardenter aliquid cupere, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.: ardentius sitire, to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: ardentius diligere, Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7: ardentius amare, Suet. Calig. 25.—Sup.: ardentissime diligere, Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ārdeō sī, sus, ēre
3 AR-, to be on fire, burn, blaze, be burned: septem tabernae arsere, L.: arsuras comas obnubit, V.: hospes Paene arsit, H.: arsuri ignibus artūs, O.—Fig., to flash, sparkle, shine: ardebant oculi.—Of colors: Tyrio murice laena, V. — Of passion, etc., to burn, glow, be inflamed, be afire: cum furor arderet Antonii: inplacabilis ardet, V.: amore: iracundiā, T.: cum bello Italia arderet: irā, L.: in illum odia civium ardebant: furore, L.: studiis equorum, with zeal for racing, H.: animi ad ulciscendum ardebant, were full of fury, Cs.: in arma magis, V.—Poet., with inf, to desire ardently: ruere utroque, O.— Esp., to be afire with love, burn with love: captis mentibus, O.: non aliā magis, H. — Poet., with acc: Alexin, V.: adulteri Crines, H.
Origins
From ār(i)dus + -eō. Cf. audeō < avidus. For the supine ārsum compare also audeō : ausum and gaudeō : gāvīsum, in which the i was long. It is possible that this term is cognate with Umbrian aso, the perfect passive participle of an unattested verb which may have been the Umbrian equivalent of this term.
Gallo-Romance
- Frenchardrefrom Old French ardre
- Occitanardrefrom Old Occitan ardre
- Middle Frenchardoirfrom Old French ardoir, ardeir
- Old Catalanardre
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesearderfrom Old Galician-Portuguese arder
- Spanisharder
- Asturianarder
- Galicianarderfrom Old Galician-Portuguese arder
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianardere
- Dalmatianardar
- Istriotardi
- Judeo-Italianאַרְדֵירֵי
- Sicilianàrdiri
- Venetanàrdar
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianarde
- Aromanianardu
- Megleno-Romanianardu
- Istro-Romanianårde
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianardi
- Romansharder
In English words that came into English from ārdeō
- ardentardentem
- ardorardor