Academy

Geography

Iabadius an island off the lower half of the Golden Chersonesus. It is said by Ptolemy to mean the
Iadera (Ἰάδερα, Ptol. 3.16.10; Ἰάδαρα, Nicet. p. 348; Iadera, Plin. Nat. 3.26; Iader, Pomp. Mela,
Iadoni Iadoni a people in the extreme NW. of Hispania Tarraconensis, mentioned only by Pliny, who
Iaeta or IETAE (Ἰεταί, Steph. B. sub voce: Eth. Ἰεταῖος, Id.; but Diodorus has Ἰαιτῖνος, and thi
Ialysus one of the three ancient Doric cities in the island of Rhodes, and one of the six towns co
Iamnia a city of the Philistines, assigned to the tribe of Judah in the LXX. of Joshua 15.45 (Γέμ
Iamphorina the capital of the Maedi, in Macedonia, which was taken B.C. 211 by Philip, son of Demetri
Iapodes IAPYDES (Ἰάποδες, Strab. iii. p.207, vii. p. 313; Ἰάπυδες, Ptol. 2.16.8; Liv. 43.5; Virg.
Iapygia was the name given by the Greeks to the SE. portion of Italy, bordering on the Adriatic Se
Iapygium Promontorium Promontorium (Ἄκρα Ἰαπυγία: Capo Sta. Maria di Leuca), a headland which forms the extreme
Iardanus a river on the N. coast of Crete, near the banks of which the Cydonians dwelt. (Hom. Od. 3
Iassii Iassii (Eth. Ἰάσσιοι), mentioned by Ptolemy as a population of Upper Pannonia (2.14.2). Pl
Iassus or IASUS (Ἴασος: or Ἴασος: Eth. Ἰασσεύς), a town of Caria, situated on a small island clos
Iastae a Scythian tribe, whose position must be sought for in the neighbour-hood of the river Ias
Iastus a river which, according to Ptolemy (6.12), was, like the Polytimetus (Kohik), an affluent
Iastus a river mentioned by Ptolemy (6.14.2) as falling into the Caspian between the Jaik and the
Iatii Iatii (Eth. Ἰάτιοι, Ptol. 6.12.4), a people in the northern part of Sogdiana. They are als
Iatinum according to Ptolemy (2.8.15) the city of the Meldi, a people of Gallia Lugdunensis. It is
Iatra or IATRUM (Ἰατρόν), a town in Moesia, situated at the point where the river Iatrus or Iant
Iatrus a river traversing the central part of Moesia. It has its sources in Mount Haemus and, hav
Iban a city, which Cedrenus (l.c.) describes as the metropolis of Vasbouragan (μντρόπολις δὲ αὕ
Ibera a city of Hispania Citerior, mentioned only by Livy, who gives no explicit account of its
Iberia the extensive tract of country which lies between the Euxine and Caspian seas, to the S. o
Iberia Indiae Indiae (Ἰβηρία, M. E. p. 24, ed. Hudson), a district placed by the author of the Periplus
Iberingae a people placed by Ptolemy between the Bepyrrhus Mons (Naraka Mts.?) and the Montes Damass
Iberus one of the chief rivers of Spain, the basin of which includes the NE. portion of the penin
Ibes a town in the SE. of Hispania Citerior, mentioned by Livy (28.21, where the MSS. vary in t
Ibiones Ibiones, VIBIONES (Ἰβιώνες, al. Οὐιβιώνες, Ptol. 3.5.23), a Slavonian people of Sarmatia E
Ibliodurum in Gallia Belgica, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road between Virodunum (Verdun)
Icarus ICARIA (Ἴκαρος, Ἰκαρία: Nikaria) an island of the Aegean, to the west of Samos, according
Icarusa a river the embouchure of which is on the E. coast of the Euxine, mentioned only by Pliny
Icaunus or ICAUNA (Yonne), in Gallia, a river which is a branch of the Sequana (Seine), Autesiodur
Iceni Iceni in Britain. Tacitus is the only author who gives us the exact form Iceni. He mention
Ich surnamed the Protector, and contemporary with the…
Ichana a city of Sicily, which, according to Stephanus of Byzantium, held out for a long time aga
Ichnae a city of Bottiaea, in Macedonia, which Herodotus (7.123) couples with Pella. (Leake, Trav
Ichnae a small fortified town, or castle, in Mesopotamia, situated on the river Bilecha, which it
Ichthyophagi Ichthyophagi (Eth. Ἰχθυοφάγοι, Diod. 3.15, seq.; Hdt. 3.19; Paus. 1.33.4; Plin. Nat. 6.30.
Ichthyophagorum Sinus Sinus (Ἰχθυοφάγων κλ́λπος, Ptol. 6.7.13), was a deeply embayed portion of the Persian gulf
Iciani Iciani in Britain, mentioned in the Itinerary as a station on the road from London to Carl
Icidmagus a town of Gallia Lugdunensis, is placed by the Table on a road between Revessium (supposed
Iconii Iconii (Eth. Ἰκόνιοι), an Alpine people of Gallia. Strabo (p. 185) says: Above the Cavares
Iconium was regarded in the time of Xenophon (Xen. Anab. 1.2.19) as the easternmost town of Phrygi
Icosium a city on the coast of Mauretania Caesariensis, E. of Caesarea, a colony under the Roman e
Ictimuli Ictimuli or VICTIMULI (Eth. Ἰκτούμουλοι, Strab.), a people of Cisalpine Gaul, situated at
Ictis in Britain, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (5.22) as an island lying off the coast of the t
Ictodurum in Gallia. The Antonine Itin. places Caturiges (Chorges) on the road between Ebrodunum (Em
Iculisma a place in Gallia, mentioned by Ausonius (Ep. 15.22). as a retired and lonely spot where h
Icus one of the group of islands off the coast of Magnesia in Thessaly, lay near Peparethus, an
Ida IDAEUS MONS (ἡ Ἴδη, Eth. Ἰδαῖος, Ida), a range of mountains of Phrygia, belonging to the s
Ida the central and loftiest point of the mountain range which traverses the…
Idacus a town of the Thracian Chersonese, mentioned by Thucydides (8.104) in his account of the m
Idalia IDALIUM (Ἰδάλιον: Eth. Ἰδαλεύς, Steph. B. sub voce Plin. Nat. 5.31), a town in Cyprus, adj
Idimium a town in Lower Pannonia, on the east of Sirmium, according to the Peut. Tab.; in the Rave
Idistavisus Campus Campus the famous battle-field where Germanicus, in A.D. 16, defeated Arminius. The name i
Idomene a town of Macedonia which the Tabular Itinerary places at 12 M. P. from Stena, the pass no
Idrae a people of Sarmatia Europaea, whose position cannot be made out from the indications give
Idrias according to Stephanus B. (s. v.), a town in Caria which had formerly borne the name of Ch
Idubeda a great mountain chain of Hispania, running in a SE. direction from the mountains of the C
Idumaea being, in fact, only the classical form of that ancient Semitic name. (J. AJ 2.1.1.) Eth.
Idunum a town in the extreme south of Pannonia (Ptol. 2.14.3), which, from inscriptions found on
Iena in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.2) as an estuary between the outlets of the rivers A
Ierne is a better form for the ancient name of Ireland than HIBERNIA, IBERNIA, IVERNIA, &c., bot
Iernus in Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.2.4) as the most southern of two rivers (the Durus bei
Igilgili Igilgili (Ἰγιλγιλί, Ptol.: Jijeli), a sea-port of Mauretania Caesariensis, on the Sinus Nu
Igilium an island off the coast of Etruria, directly opposite to the Mons Argentarius and the port
Igulliones Igulliones in European Sarmatia, mentioned by Ptolemy as lying between the Stavani and Coi
Iguvium an ancient and important town of Umbria, situated on the W. slope of the Apennines, but no
Ilargus a river of Rhaetia Secunda, flowing from west to east, and emptying itself into the Danube
Ilattia a town of Crete, which is probably the same as the ELATUS of Pliny (4.12). Some editions r
Ilercaones Ilercaones (Ἰλερκάονες, Ptol. 2.6. §§ 16, 64; Ilercaonenses. Liv. 22.21; Eth. Illurgavonen
Ilerda the chief city of the ILERGETES in Hispania Tarraconensis, is a place of considerable…
Ilergetes Ilergetes (Ἰλέργητες, Ptol. 2.6.68; Liv. 21.23, 61, 22.22; Plin. Nat. 3.3. s. 4; Ἰλουργήτε
Ilici Ilici or ILLICI (Itin. Ant. p. 401; Ἰλικιὰς ἢ Ἰλλικίς, Ptol. 2.6.62: Elche), an inland cit
Ilienses Ilienses (Ἰλιεῖς, Paus.), a people of the interior of Sardinia, who appear to have been on
Ilipa 1. (Ἴλιπα, Strab. iii. pp. 141, seq.; Ἰλλίπα ἢ Λαῖπα μεγάλη, Ptol. 2.4.13; Ilipa cognomine
Ilipla a city of the Turdetani, in the W. of Hispania Baetica, on the high road from Hispalis to
Ilipula 1. Surnamed LAUS by Pliny (3.1. s. 3), and MAGNA by Ptolemy (Ἰλλίπουλα μεγάλη, 2.4.12), a
Ilipula Mons Mons (Ἰλίπουλα), a range of mountains in Baetica, S. of the Baetis, mentioned only by Ptol
Ilistra a town in Lycaonia, on the road from Laranda to Isaura, which is still in existence. (Hier
Ilithyia a town of the Egyptian Heptanomis, 30 miles NE. of Apollinopolis Magna. It was situated on
Ilium ILIOS (Ἴλιον, ἡ Ἴλιος: Eth. Ἰλιεύς, f. Ἰλιάς), sometimes also called TROJA (Τροία), whence
Illiberis or ILLIBERI LIBERINI (Plin. Nat. 3.1. s. 3), one of the chief cities of the Turduli, in Hi
Illiberis or ILLIBERRIS (Ἰλιβερίς), a town in the country of the Sordones, or Sardones, or Sordi, in
Illiturgis ILITURGIS, or ILITURGI (probably the Ἰλουργίς of Ptol. 2.4.9, as well as the Ἰλουργεία of
Illurco or ILURCO, a town in the W. part of Hispania Baetica, near Pinos, on the river Cubillas. (
Illyricum the eastern coast of the Adriatic sea. 1. The Name. The Greek name is ILLYRIS (Ἰλλυρίς, He
Iluratum a town in the interior of the Tauric Chersonese, probably somewhat to the N. of Kaffa.
Iluro in Gallia Aquitania, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road from Caesaraugusta, in Sp
Iluro 1. (Alora), a city of Baetica, situated on a hill. (Inscr. ap. Carter, Travels, p. 161; Uk
Iluza a town in Phrygia Pacatiana, which is mentioned only in very late writers, and is probably
Ilva called by the Greeks AETHALIA (Αἰθαλία, Strab., Diod.; Αἰθάλεια, Ps. Arist., Philist. ap.
Ilvates Ilvates a Ligurian tribe, whose name is found only in Livy. He mentions them first as taki
Imachara a city of Sicily, the name of which does not appear in history, but which is repeatedly me
Imaus the great mountain chain, which, according to the ancients, divided Northern Asia into Scy
Imbrasus one of the three small rivers flowing down from Mount Ampelus in the island of Samos. (Str
Imbros an island in the Aegaean sea, off the SW. coast of the Thracian Chersonesus, and near the
Imeus Mons Mons is the name given in the Tabula Peutingeriana to the mountain pass which leads from t
Immadrus or IMMADRA, a position on the coast of Gallia Narbonensis between Telo (Toulon) and Massil
Immundus Sinus Sinus (ἀκάθαρτος κόλπος, Strab. xvii. p.770; Diod. 3.39; Ptol. 4.5.7; Plin. Nat. 6.29. s.
Imus Pyrenaeus Pyrenaeus a station in Aquitania, at the northern base of the Pyrenees, on the road from A
Ina a town of Sicily, the position of which is wholly unknown, except that Ptolemy reckons it
Inachorium a city of Crete, which, from the similarity of sound, Mr. Pashley (Trav. vol. ii. p. 78) i
Inachus 1. A river of the Argeia. [ARGOS p. 200b.] 2. A river in the territory of Argos Amphilochi
Inatus a city of Crete, the same, no doubt, as Einatus (Ἔινατος, Steph. B. sub voce Hesych. Etym.
Incairus on the coast of Gallia Narbonensis, is. placed by the Itin. next to Massilia. It is. west
Incriones Incriones (Ἰγκρίωνες), a tribe of the Sigambri, mentioned only by Ptolemy (2.11. §. 9). Th
Indaprathae a people occupying nearly the same position as the, IBIERINGAE.
India a country of great extent in the southern part of…
Indicus Oceanus Oceanus (ὁ Ἰνδικὸς ὠκεανός, Agath. 2.14; τὸ Ἰνδικὸν πέλαγος, Ptol. 7.1.5). The Indian Ocea
Indigetes Indigetes or INDIGETAE, (Ἰνδικῆται, Strab.; Κ̓νδιγέται, Ptol.), a people of Hispania Tarra
Indoscythia a district of wide extent along the Indus, which probably comprehended the whole tract wat
Indus one of the principal rivers of Asia, and the boundary westward of India. It is mentioned f
Indus a river of the south-east of Caria, near the town of Cibyra. On its banks was situated, ac
Industria a town of Liguria, situated on the right bank of the Padus, about 20 miles below Turin. It
Ingauni Ingauni (Eth. Ἰφφαυνοι), a Ligurian tribe, who inhabited the sea-coast and adjoining mount
Inicerum a town in Lower Pannonia, in the neighbourhood of which there was a praetoriunt, or place
Insani Montes Montes (τὰ Μαινόμενα ὄρη, Ptol. 3.3.7), a range of mountains in Sardinia, mentioned by Liv
Insubres Insubres, Eth. Insuber, a people both in Gallia Transalpina and Gallia Cisalpina. D'Anvill
Insula or FNSULA ALLOBROGUM, in Gallia Narbonensis. Livy (21.31), after describing Hannibal's pas
Intelene one of the five provinces W. of the Tigris, ceded, in A.D. 297, by Narses to Galerius and
Intemelii Intemelii (Eth. Ἰντεμέλιοι), a maritime people of Liguria, situated to the W. of the Ingau
Interamna was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its obvious etymology, already
Interamnesia a stipendiary town of Lusitania, named in the inscription of Alcantara, and supposed by Uk
Intercisa or AD INTERCISA, is the name given in the Itineraries to a station on the Via Flamninia, w
Internum Mare Mare the great inland or Mediterranean Sea, which washes the coasts of Southern Europe, No
Interocrea a small town or village of the Sabines; between Amiternumn and Reate. It was placed on the
Interpromium a village of the Marrucini, forming a station on the Via Claudia Valeria between Corfinium
Intibili Intibili 1. [EDETANI] 2. A town of Hispania Baetica, near Illiturgis, the scene of a battl
Inycum or INYCUS (Ἴνυκον, Steph. B. sub voce but ἡ Ἴνυκος, Herod.: Eth. Ἰνυκῖνος), a town of Sici
Iol afterwards CAESAREA (Ἰὼλ Καισάρεια, Ptol. ii 4.5; ἡ Καισάρεια, Strab., &c.), originally an
Iolai Iolai or IOLAENSES (Eth. Ἰόλαοι, Paus.; Ἰολάειοι, Diod.; Ἰολαεῖς, Strab. v. p.225), a peop
Iolcus an ancient city of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated at the head of the Pagasaean gulf and at
Ion a river of Tymphaea in Thessaly, rising in the Cambunian mountains, and flowing into the P
Ionia also called Ionis, the country of Asia Minor inhabited by Ionian Greeks, and comprising th
Ionium Mare Mare (Ἰόνιον πέλαγος, Ptol.), was the name given by geographers to the sea which bathed th
Ios an island in the Aegaean sea, one of the Sporades, and falsely called by Stephanus one of
Ipagro or IPAGRUM (Aguilar, on the Cabra), a city of Hispania Baetica, 28 M. P. south of Corduba,
Ipni Ipni (Ἰπνοί), on the coast of Magnesia, in Thessaly, at the foot of Mount Pelion, where pa
Ipsus a small town of Phrygia, a few miles below Synnada. The place itself never was of any part
Ira . 1. A town of Messenia, mentioned by Homer (Hom. Il. 9.150,292), usually identified with
Irenopolis a town of the district Lacunitis, in the north-east of Cilicia. It was situated not far fr
Iria a considerable town of the interior of Liguria, mentioned both by Pliny and Ptolemy, as we
Irine an island in the Argolic gulf, supposed by Leake to be Ypsilí. (Plin. Nat. 4.12. s. 19; Le
Irippo a town of Hispania Baetica (Plin. Nat. 3.1. s. 3), which Ukert supposes to have been situa
Iris a considerable river of Pontus, which has its sources in the heights of Antitaurus in the
Is a town of Mesopotamia, eight days' journey N. of Babylon, situated, according to Herodotus
Isaca in Britain, a river mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.4) as lying west of the outlet of the Tamaru
Isadici Isadici (Eth. Εἰσάδικοι), a people whom Strabo (xi. p.506) couples with the Troglodytae an
Isamnium in Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.2.8) as a promontory north of the Bubinda (river Boyne
Isannavatia in Britain, mentioned in the 6th Itinerary as lying between Lactodurum and Tripontium. It
Isara the river. 1. [INSULA] 2. The Isara, which was a branch of the Sequana, has its name prese
Isarci Isarci a Rhaetian tribe dwelling about the mouth of the river Isarus (Plin. Nat. 3.24), fr
Isarus a river of the Rhaetian Alps, flowing from an Alpine lake, and in a southern direction unt
Isaura the capital of Isauria, situated in the south-west of the country; it was a wealthy, popul
Isauria a district in Asia Minor, bordering in the east on Lycaonia, in the north on Phrygia, in t
Isca the name of two towns in Britain. The criticism of certain difficulties connected with the
Iscadia a town in the W. of Baetica, between the Baetis and the Anas, not far from Tucci. (Appian,
Ischalis in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.28) as one of the towns of the Belgae, Bath and Winc
Ischopolis a small town on the coast of Pontus near Pharnacia, was in ruins even in the time of Strab
Isiacorum Portus Portus (Ἰσιακῶν λιμήν, Arrian, Peril p. 21, Anon. Peripl. p. 9), a harbour on the Euxine s
Isidis Oppidum Oppidum (Plin. Nat. 5.10. s. 11). Near the city of Busiris, in the Aegyptian Delta, was si
Isinisca a place in Rhaetia Secunda, on the ancient road between Augsburg and Salzburg. (Itin. Ant.
Isionda a town in the south-west of Pisidia, a few miles to the north-west of Termessus. (Polyb. E
Isis a navigable river on the east coast of the Euxine between the Acinasis and Mogrus, from ea
Isium was a fort situated on the borders of the Thebaid and Heptanomis in Egypt, in lat. 27° 5′
Isius Mons Mons (τὸ Ἴσιον ὄρος, Ptol. 4.7.5), a mountain, or rather a ridge of highlands rising gradu
Ismaris a small lake on the south coast of Thrace, a little to the east of Maronea. (Hdt. 7.169; S
Ismarus a mountain rising on the east of lake Ismaris, on the south coast of Thrace (Virg. El. 6.3
Isondae a people whose position must be sought for in the valley of the river Terek or Kúma, in Le
Issa (Ἴσσι, Ptol. 2.16.14; Agathem. 1.5; Pomp. Mela, 2.7.13; Plin. Nat. 3.26; Steph. B. sub voc
Issedones Issedones (Ἰσσηδόνες, Steph. B. sub voce in the Roman writers the usual form is Essedones)
Issus a town of Cilicia, on the gulf of Issus (Ἰσσικὸς κόλπος). Herodotus calls the gulf of Issu
Issus a town of Illyricum, at the mouth of the river Drilo. Dionysius the elder, in his schemes
Istria or HISTRIA, was the name given by the Greeks and Romans to the country which still bears t
Istrianus a river of the Tauric Chersonese, which has been identified with the Küdü Tep. (Forbiger,
Istropolis ISTRIOPOLIS, HISTRIOPOLIS (Ἰστρόπολις, Ἰστρία πόλις, or simply. Ἴστπος· Istere), a town of
Istrus a Cretan town which Artemidorus also called ISTRONA. (Steph. B. sub voce The latter form o
Isturgi Isturgi (Andujar la Vieja), a city of Hispania Baetica, in the neighbourhood of ILLITURGIS
Isurium in Britain, first mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.16) as a town of the Brigantes. It then occurs
Isus a spot in Boeotia, near Anthedon, with vestiges of a city, which some commentators identif
Italia was the name given in ancient as well as in modern times to the country still called Italy
Itanus a town on the E. coast of Crete, near the promontory which bore the name of Itanum. (Plin.
Ithaca (Ἰθάκη: Eth. Ἰθακήσιος and Eth. Ἰθακός: Ithacensis and Ithacus: Thiáki, Θιάκη, vulgarly; b
Ithacesiae Insulae Insulae is the name given by Pliny (3.7. s. 13) to some small islets opposite to Vibo on t
Ithome . 1. A town of Histiaeotis in Thessaly, described by Homer as the rocky Ithome (Ἰθώμη κλωμ
Ithoria a town in Aetolia, near the Achelous, and a short distance south of Conope. It was situate
Itium Promontorium Promontorium isplaced by Ptolemy (2.9.1)in Celtogalatia Belgica. After the mouths of the S
Itius Portus Portus (τὸ Ιτιον, Strab. p. 199). When Caesar was preparing for his second British expedit
Iton or ITONUS (Ἴτων,, Hom.; Ἴτωνος, Strab.), a town of Phthiotis in Thessaly, called by Homer
Itucci Itucci (Plin. Nat. 3.1. s. 3), or ITUCI (Coins; Ἰτύκη, Appian, App. Hisp. 66, 68), a city
Ituna in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.2) as an aestuary immediately to the north of the Mo
Ituraea a district in the NE. of Palestine (Strab. xvi. p.755; Plin. Nat. 5.19), which, with Trach
Itys in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (2.3.1) as a river lying north of the Epidian promontory
Iugidunum a town in the east of Germany, the site of which must be looked for in Silesia, either at
Ivernis mentioned by Ptolemy (2.2.10) as one of the inland towns of Ireland, the others being Rhig