adjectivethird-declension two-termination adjective
trīstis
trīstis (neuter trīste, comparative trīstior, superlative trīstissimus, adverb trīste)
Classical[ˈtriːs.tɪs]Ecclesiastical[ˈtris.tis]
№ 275 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- two terminationsad, unhappy, melancholy, morose
excidit officium trīstī mihi. nūlla tuēbar
In sadness my duty was forgotten. I was guarding not the fields, neither was a fertile garden in value.8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.315–316 - two terminationsorrowful, mournful
- two terminationdisagreeable, harsh, bitter (of taste)
- two terminationfoul, offensive (of smell)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
nōn laetus; sine gaudiō.trīstis -e — in Mille Verba, Animus et Adfectūs
nōn laetustrīstis -e — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 1
nōn laetus, maestustrīstis -e — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4, 17
maestus, dolēnstrīstis -e — in Metamorphoses I, †
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trīstis trīsticulus | trīstis trīsta, trīsticula | trīste trīsticulum, trīstum |
| genitive | trīstis trīsticulī | trīstis trīstae, trīsticulae | trīstis trīsticulī |
| dative | trīstī trīsticulō, trīstō | trīstī trīstae, trīsticulae | trīstī trīsticulō, trīstō |
| accusative | trīstem trīsticulum, trīstum | trīstem trīstam, trīsticulam | trīste trīsticulum, trīstum |
| ablative | trīstī trīsticulō, trīstō | trīstī trīstā, trīsticulā | trīstī trīsticulō, trīstō |
| vocative | trīstis trīsticule | trīstis trīsta, trīsticula | trīste trīsticulum, trīstum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trīstēs trīsticulī | trīstēs trīstae, trīsticulae | trīstia trīsta, trīsticula |
| genitive | trīstium trīsticulōrum, trīstōrum | trīstium trīstārum, trīsticulārum | trīstium trīsticulōrum, trīstōrum |
| dative | trīstibus trīsticulīs | trīstibus trīsticulīs | trīstibus trīsticulīs |
| accusative | trīstīs trīstēs, trīsticulōs, trīstōs | trīstīs trīstēs, trīstās, trīsticulās | trīstia trīsta, trīsticula |
| ablative | trīstibus trīsticulīs | trīstibus trīsticulīs | trīstibus trīsticulīs |
| vocative | trīstēs trīsticulī | trīstēs trīstae, trīsticulae | trīstia trīsta, trīsticula |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- omen infaustum, triste
- an evil omen; presage of ill.
tristis, e, adj. etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. trastas, frightened; and Lat. terreo,
I. sad, sorrowful, mournful, dejected, melancholy, disconsolate, trist (syn.: maestus, severus, austerus, luctuosus).
I. In gen.:
maesti tristesque, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 18: cum maestus errares, quaerere ex te, quid tristis esses, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59: tristis et conturbatus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32: tristis, demissus, id. Mur. 21, 45: sic tristes affatus amicos, Hor. C. 1, 7, 24: Sequanos tristes, capite demisso, terram intueri, Caes. B. G. 1, 32: numquam ego te tristiorem Vidi esse, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 55: oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 89: (faciet) hominem ex tristi lepidum et lenem, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 7: quid tu tristis es? id. ib. 2, 2, 6; id. Men. 5, 2, 27; 5, 2, 59: quid es tam tristis? Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 20: malle se adulescentem tristem quam hilarem, Sen. Ep. 36, 3: tristis Erat et me maestum videbat, Curt. 6, 11, 27; Sen. Tranq. 15, 4.—B. Transf.
1. Of things associated with misfortune or suggestive of sadness, melancholy, saddening, unhappy:
ut tuum laetissimum diem cum tristissimo meo conferam, Cic. Pis. 14, 33; cf.: vel defensus tristibus temporibus vel ornatus secundis, id. Fam. 15, 7: esse vultu tristi, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 124: tristissima exta, Cic. Div. 2, 15, 36: tristissimi exsilii solatium, Liv. 5, 51, 1: tristissimam exegimus noctem, most miserable, Petr. 115: sors, unhappy, miserable, Cic. Mur. 20, 42: eventus, Liv. 8, 24, 18: Kalendae, sad, dismal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 87: Hyades, id. C. 1, 3, 14: Orion, id. Epod. 10, 10: bella, id. A. P. 73: clades, id. C. 3, 3, 62: morbus, Verg. G. 4, 252: fatum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 29: jus sepulcri, Ov. M. 13, 472: officium (exsequiarum), id. ib. 12, 4: funera, Verg. G. 4, 256; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74: pars subiere feretro, Triste ministerium, Verg. A. 6, 223: Tartara, id. ib. 4, 243: Acheron, Sil. 13, 571: tristique palus inamabilis undā, Verg. A. 6, 438; Hor. C. 2, 14, 8: arbores, gloomy, sombre, Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 95: adspectus (arboris), id. 13, 22, 40, § 120: tristes et squalidi trunci, Sen. Ep. 12, 1.—2. Of taste:
quod triste et amarum est, harsh, disagreeable, bitter, Lucr. 4, 634: suci, Verg. G. 2, 126: lupinum, id. ib. 1, 75: absinthia, Ov. P. 3, 1, 23; 3, 8, 15: epulae, Sil. 3, 281: sapor. Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12: pocula, Tib. 1, 5, 50.—3. Of smell, offensive, foul:
anhelitus oris, Ov. A. A. 1, 521.—4. As subst.: triste, is, n., a sad thing, etc. (poet.):
triste lupus stabulis, maturis frugibus imbres, Arboribus venti, a sad thing, a pest, bane, Verg. E. 3, 80: interdum miscentur tristia laetis, Ov. F. 6, 463; cf.: nunc ego mitibus Mutare quaero tristia, Hor. C. 1, 16, 26. Thus Ovid called his elegies that were written in exile Tristia.—II. In partic.
A. Of behavior, etc., towards others.
1. Glum, gloomy, peevish, morose, ill-humored (syn.:
tetricus, severus, austerus): stultitia est, ei te esse tristem, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: eia, mea Juno, non decet te esse tam tristem tuo Jovi, id. ib. 2, 3, 14: mihi erit tristior, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2: tristis amica ingrato viro, Prop. 1, 6, 10: puella, id. 1, 10, 21: navita tristis (Charon), gloomy, sullen, Verg. A. 6, 315; so, dii, Hor. S. 1, 5, 103: Erinys, Verg. A. 2, 337: sorores, i. e. the Fates, Tib. 3, 3, 35; Sen. Tranq. 7, 6: ursa, Stat. Achill. 2, 409.—2. Stern, harsh, severe:
judex tristis et integer, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 30; cf.: cum tristibus severe, cum remissis jucunde vivere, id. Cael. 6, 13.—B. Transf., of things, gloomy, sad, melancholy, stern, harsh, etc.:
truculentis oculis, tristi fronte, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21: voltus, id. Most. 3, 2, 124: fronte gravi et tristi supercilio, Plin. Pan. 41, 3: idem naturā tristiori paululo, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2: vultus severior et tristior, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf.: tristis severitas inest in vultu, Ter. And. 5, 2, 16: vita tristior, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 108: triste et severum genus dicendi, id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.: sermo tristis (opp. jocosus), Hor. S. 1, 10, 11: senectus, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 108, 29; cf.: tristis et plenus dignitatis sonus, Cic. Rep. 6, 2, 7: perfert in judiciis tristem et impexam antiquitatem, Tac. Or. 20.—Of languages, etc.: tua tristia dicta, Verg. A. 10, 612: sententia, Ov. M. 15, 43; Liv. 8, 21, 2: responsum, id. 9, 16, 3: senatūs consultum, id. 5, 6, 2.— Adv.: tristĕ, sadly, sorrowfully; harshly, severely: salutantes, Stat. Th. 4, 19: triste et acutum resonare, Hor. S. 1, 8, 41: rigens frons, Stat. S. 5, 1, 64.—Comp.: flere tristius, Prop. 2, 20 (3, 13), 2: adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur, with more difficulty, Cic. Sen. 19, 67: respondere tristius, more harshly, id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
trīstis e, adj. with comp. and sup.
2 TER-, sad, sorrowful, mournful, dejected, melancholy, gloomy, downcast, disconsolate : quaerere ex te, quid tristis esses: tristis, demissus: tristīs adfatus amicos, H.: Sequanos tristīs, capite demisso, terram intueri, Cs.: tristis erat et me maestum videbat, Cu.— Gloomy, peevish, morose, sullen, illhumored : Navita (Charon), V.: dii, H.— Stern, harsh, severe : iudex: cum tristibus severe vivere. —Of things, bringing sorrow, melancholy, saddening, unhappy, sad, dismal, gloomy : ut tuum laetissimum diem cum tristissimo meo conferam: tristia ad recordationem exempla, L.: tristissuma exta: tristissimi exsili solacium, L.: Kalendae, H.: clades, H.: morbus, V.: ius sepulcri, O.: pars subiere feretro, Triste ministerium, V.: tristique palus inamabilis undā, V.—As subst n., a sad thing, pest, bane, sorrow : Triste lupus stabulis, V.: interdum miscentur tristia laetis, O.: nune ego mitibus Mutare quaero tristia, H.—Of taste, harsh, disagreeable, bitter : suci, V.: absinthia, O.—Of smell, offensive, foul : anhelitus oris, O.— Expressing sorrow, gloomy, sad, melancholy, stern, harsh : voltus tristior: Tristis severitas inest in voltu, T.: vita tristior: sermo (opp. iocosus), H.: tua tristia iussa, V.: sententia, O.: responsum, L.
Origins
Unknown. Variously compared to Proto-West Germanic *þrīstī (“bold, daring”), Ancient Greek δριμύς (drimús, “sharp; bitter”) and Old Church Slavonic дрѧхлъ (dręxlŭ, “sad”).
Elsewhere
- Italiantriste
- Occitantriste
- Frenchtristefrom Old French triste
- Spanishtristefrom Old Spanish triste
- Portuguesetriste
- Asturiantriste
- Galiciantriste
- Mirandesetriste
- Old Irishtríst
- Bretontristfrom Proto-Brythonic *trist
Gallo-Romance
- Catalantrist
- Occitantrist
- Old Frenchtrist
Balkan Romance
- Romaniantrist
Italo-Romance
- Italiantristo
- Dalmatiantrist
- Siciliantristu
Insular Romance
- Sardiniantristu
North Italian
- Friuliantrist
- Piedmontesetrist
- Romanshtrist
- Romanshtrest
- Venetantristo
Ibero-Romance
- Aragonesetristo
- Old Spanishtristo