adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
plēnus
plēnus (feminine plēna, neuter plēnum, comparative plēnior, superlative plēnissimus, adverb plēnē)
Classical[ˈpɫeː.nʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈplɛː.nus]
№ 459 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectivefull; filled; complete
- adjectivefull of
- adjectiveplump; bulky
- adjectivepoeticsatisfied
- adjectivefilled with
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in quō nihil vacuī est; pōculum plēnum.plēnus -a -um — in Mille Verba, Templum Graecum
complētus, nōn vacuusplēnus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 2
full
plēnus -a -um — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 1, 16, 18, 24
more fully
plēnius — in Seneca, ch. XXII
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | plēnus | plēna | plēnum |
| genitive | plēnī | plēnae | plēnī |
| dative | plēnō | plēnae | plēnō |
| accusative | plēnum | plēnam | plēnum |
| ablative | plēnō | plēnā | plēnō |
| vocative | plēne | plēna | plēnum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | plēnī | plēnae | plēna |
| genitive | plēnōrum | plēnārum | plēnōrum |
| dative | plēnīs | plēnīs | plēnīs |
| accusative | plēnōs | plēnās | plēna |
| ablative | plēnīs | plēnīs | plēnīs |
| vocative | plēnī | plēnae | plēna |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- liber plenus delectationis
- a very charming book.
- litterae officii or humanitatis plenae
- a most courteous letter.
plēnus, a, um, adj. from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. πλα- in πίμπλημι, πλήθω; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo,
I. full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).
I. Lit.
A. In gen., with gen.:
rimarum, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25: corpus suci, id. ib. 2, 3, 27: Gallia est plena civium Romanorum, Cic. Font. 1, 11: domus plena caelati argenti, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14. § 35: vini, somni, id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.: plena domus ornamentis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126: vita plena et conferta voluptatibus, id. Sest. 10, 23: plenum pueris gymnasium, Quint. 2, 8, 3.—Absol.: auditorium, Quint. 2, 11, 3: plenissimis velis navigare, with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly (poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244: hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu, Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9: philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus, Eutr. 8, 10.—B. In partic.
1. Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.):
pleni enective simus, Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142: vulpecula pleno corpore, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis, Cels. 1, 9: femina, Ov. A. A. 2, 661.—Comp.: tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.—Sup.: plenissimus quisque, Cels. 2, 1.—b. Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.):
et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49: femina, Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413: sus plena, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.: Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida), Ov. F. 4, 634.—2. Filled, satisfied (poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29:
plenus cum languet amator, sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.: illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus, Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—3. Full packed, laden; with abl.:
quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque, Stat. Th. 4, 812: exercitus plenissimus praedā, Liv. 41, 28: crura thymo plenae (apes), Verg. G. 4, 181.—Absol.: vitis, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—4. Entire, complete, full, whole:
ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum, Cic. Mil. 9, 24: gaudia, id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: numerus, id. Rep. 6, 12, 12: pleno aratro sulcare, with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25: sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto, Ov. P. 2, 7, 77: pleno gradu, at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—5. Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.):
vox grandior et plenior, Cic. Brut. 84, 289: voce plenior, id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—6. Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged:
pleniores syllabae, Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28: ut E plenissimum dicas, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46: siet plenum est, sit imminutum, id. Or. 47, 157: plenissima verba, Ov. M. 10, 290.—8. Full, abundant, plentiful, much:
non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: urbes, id. Pis. 37, 91: pecunia, much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6: mensa, Verg. A. 11, 738.—Comp.: serius potius ad nos, dum plenior, Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2: tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores, fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.: plenissima villa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—9. Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature:
jam plenis nubilis annis, marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53: plenus vitā, Stat. S. 2, 2, 129: annis, full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7: plenior annis, Val. Fl. 1, 376: annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur, Dig. 50, 4, 8.—10. Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title:
proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse, Gai. Inst. 2, 41: pleno jure heres fieri, id. ib. 3, 85 al.—II. Trop., full, filled.
A. In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.):
jejunitatis plenus, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13: consili, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49: viti probrique, id. Mil. 2, 5, 13: fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri, id. Rud. 3, 2, 37: offici, Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1: negoti, full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146: irae, Liv. 3, 48: ingenii, Cic. Fl. 6, 15: laboris, Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66: quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris? is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.: plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio, full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1: laetitiā, Caes. B. C. 1, 74: humanitate, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—B. In partic.
1. Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.):
orator plenus atque perfectus, Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59: plenior, opp. to jejunior, id. ib. 3, 4, 16: oratio plenior, id. Off. 1, 1, 2: pleniora scribere, Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—2. Full of, abounding or rich in any thing:
plenum bonarum rerum oppidum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38: quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario? Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē. 1. Lit., full (post-Aug.):
vasa plene infundere, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—2. Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.):
plene cumulateque aliquid perficere, Cic. Div. 2, 1: plene perfectae munitiones, Caes. B. G. 3, 3: aliquid vitare, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13: plene sapientes homines, id. Off. 1, 15: praestare aliquid, perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.—Comp.: plenius facere aliquid, Ov. P. 2, 11, 20: alere, Quint. 2, 2, 8.—Sup.: quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
plēnus adj. with comp. and sup.
PLE-, full, filled : vela: plenissimae viae, greatly crowded , Cs.: corpus suci, T.: Gallia civium: domus ornamentorum: Quis me est venustatis plenior? T.: meri pocula, O.: vita plena et conferta voluptatibus.—As subst n., a plenum (opp. vacuum): ad plenum, copiously , V., H.—Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent : pleni enectine simus: volpecula pleno corpore, H.—Of females, big with child, pregnant : femina, O.: sus.— Filled , satisfied, sated : minimo, O.: amator, H.— Full packed, laden : vitis, O.: exercitus plenissimus praedā, L.: crura thymo plenae (apes), V.: plenos oculorum sanguine pugnos, covered , Iu.— Entire, complete, full, whole : (legio) plenissima, with ranks entirely full , Cs.: ad praeturam gerendam annus: hora, O.: pleno gradu, at full pace , L.: pleni somni, profound , O.—Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud : cornix plenā improba voce, V.: vox plenior: voce plenior.—Of speech, full, at full length, uncontracted, unabridged : ut E plenissimum dicas: ‘siet’ plenum est, ‘sit’ inminutum: plenissima verba, O.— Full, abundant, plentiful, much : Verres, qui plenus decesserat: pecunia, much money : mensa, V.: gaudium: serius potius ad nos, dum plenior: accepi epistulas pleniores, longer : plenissima villa, H.—Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature : plenis nubilis annis, marriageable , V.—Fig., full, filled : fidei: negoti, full of business : irae, L.: Quae regio nostri non plena laboris? filled with the story of our troubles? V.: plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio, full of expectation : laetitiā, Cs.— Complete, finished, ample, copious : orator: oratio plenior: pleniora perscribere, Cs.— Full, abounding, rich : cum sis nihilo sapientior ex quo Plenior es, richer , H.: pleniore ore laudare, i. e. more heartily : plenior inimicorum Mario.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *plēnos, from an e-grade variant of Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”) (the zero-grade form would have given *plānus). Cognates include Ancient Greek πλήρης (plḗrēs) and πλέως (pléōs), Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa), Old English full (English full), Persian پر (por), Old Irish lán, Old Church Slavonic пльнъ (plĭnŭ), Lithuanian pilnas.
Elsewhere
- Englishplene
- Italianpieno
- Frenchpleinfrom Old French plein
- Portuguesecheiofrom Old Galician-Portuguese chẽo
- Catalanplefrom Old Occitan ple
- Occitanplenfrom Old Occitan ple
- Spanishllenofrom Old Spanish lenno
- Romanianplin
- Sardinianprenu
- Sardinianpienu
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianplen
- Ladinpien
- Romanshplain
- Romanshplein
- Romanshplagn
In English words that came into English from plēnus
- plentyplēnitātem
- plenumplēnum
- replenishplēnus
- plenaryplēnārius
- plenitudeplēnitūdō
- plenipotentiaryplēnipotentiārius
- plenipotentplēnus
- plenistplēnus
- plenteousplenitatem
- pleneplēnus
- plenismplēnus
- pleniluneplēnilūnium
- pleniloquenceplēnus
- plenilunarplēnilūnium
- plenitudinousplēnitūdō
- plenopticplēnus
- plenalplēnus