verbfourth conjugation
operiō
operiō (present infinitive operīre, perfect active operuī, supine opertum)
Classical[ɔˈpɛ.ri.oː]Ecclesiastical[oˈpɛː.ri.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to cover (over something); envelop
- to shut, close; (by extension)
- figurativelyto hide, conceal, dissemble
- figurativelyto overwhelm, burden
- figurativelyto atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
tegō; caput veste operīre.operiō -īre operuī — in Mille Verba, Theātrum
exspectōoperior -īrī — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 4
tegō, super rem eōoperiō -īre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 6
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | operiō | operiēbam | operiam | operuī | operueram | operuerō |
| 2nd sg. | operīs | operiēbās | operiēs | operuistī | operuerās | operueris |
| 3rd sg. | operit | operiēbat | operiet | operuit | operuerat | operuerit |
| 1st pl. | operīmus | operiēbāmus | operiēmus | operuimus | operuerāmus | operuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | operītis | operiēbātis | operiētis | operuistis | operuerātis | operueritis |
| 3rd pl. | operiunt | operiēbant | operient | operuērunt operuēre | operuerant | operuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | operiam | operīrem | operuerim | operuissem |
| 2nd sg. | operiās | operīrēs | operuerīs | operuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | operiat | operīret | operuerit | operuisset |
| 1st pl. | operiāmus | operīrēmus | operuerīmus | operuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | operiātis | operīrētis | operuerītis | operuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | operiant | operīrent | operuerint | operuissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | operior | operiēbar | operiar |
| 2nd sg. | operīris operīre | operiēbāris operiēbāre | operiēris operiēre |
| 3rd sg. | operītur | operiēbātur | operiētur |
| 1st pl. | operīmur | operiēbāmur | operiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | operīminī | operiēbāminī | operiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | operiuntur | operiēbantur | operientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | operiar | operīrer |
| 2nd sg. | operiāris operiāre | operīrēris operīrēre |
| 3rd sg. | operiātur | operīrētur |
| 1st pl. | operiāmur | operīrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | operiāminī | operīrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | operiantur | operīrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | operī | operīre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | operīte | operīminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | operītō | operītor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | operītō | operītor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | operītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | operiuntō | operiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | operīre | operīrī |
| perfect infinitive | operuisse | opertum esse |
| future infinitive | opertūrum esse | opertum īrī |
| present participle | operiēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | opertus operta, opertā, opertae, opertam, opertārum, opertās, operte, opertī, opertīs, opertō, opertōrum, opertōs |
| future participle | opertūrus opertūra, opertūrā, opertūrae, opertūram, opertūrārum, opertūrās, opertūre, opertūrī, opertūrīs, opertūrō, opertūrōrum, opertūrōs, opertūrum | operiendus operiundus, operienda, operiendā, operiendae, operiendam, operiendārum, operiendās, operiende, operiendīs, operiendōrum, operiendōs |
gerundoperiendī, operiendō, operiendumsupineopertum, opertū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- oculos operire (morienti)
- to close the eyes of a dying person.
ŏpĕrĭo, ŭi, ertum, 4 (archaic
I. fut. operibo: ego operibo caput, Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 33; imperf. operibat, Prop. 4, 12, 35), v. a. pario, whence the opp. aperio, to uncover; cf. paro, to cover, cover over any thing (class.; syn.: tego, velo, induo).
I. Lit.
A. Operire capita, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 34; cf.:
capite operto esse, Cic. Sen. 10, 34: operiri umerum cum toto jugulo, Quint. 11, 3, 141; id. praef. § 24.—Esp., of clothing: aeger multā veste operiendus est, Cels. 3, 7 fin.; so in Vulg. Isa. 58, 7; id. Ezech. 18, 7 et saep.: fons fluctu totus operiretur, nisi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118: summas amphoras auro et argento, Nep. Hann. 9, 3: mons nubibus, Ov. P. 4, 5, 5: (rhombos) quos operit glacies Maeotica, Juv. 4, 42.—Comically: aliquem loris, to cover over, i. e. to lash soundly, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 28: reliquias malae pugnae, i. e. to bury, Tac. A. 15, 28: operiet eos formido, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 18; id. Jer. 3, 25.—B. Transf., to shut, close (syn.:
claudo, praecludo, obsero): fores, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 1: ostium, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 33: iste opertā lecticā latus est, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106: oculos, to shut, close (opp. patefacere), Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf.: opertos compressosve (oculos), Quint. 11, 2, 76.— II. Trop.
1. To hide, conceal, keep from observation, dissemble:
quo pacto hoc operiam? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 6 Bentl. (al. aperiam): non in oratione operiendā sunt quaedam, Quint. 2, 13, 12: quotiens dictu deformia operit, id. 8, 6, 59; cf. id. 5, 12, 18: luctum, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6: domestica mala tristitia, Tac. A. 3, 18.—2. To overwhelm, burden, as with shame, etc. (only in part. perf. pass.):
contumeliis opertus, loaded, overwhelmed, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111; cf.: judicia operta dedecore et infamiā, id. Clu. 22, 61: infamiā, Tac. H. 3, 69.—3. Of sin, to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten (eccl. Lat.):
qui converti fecerit peccatorem, operiet multitudinem peccatorum, Vulg. Jac. 5, 20; id. 1 Pet. 4, 8.—ŏpertus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed (class.): operta quae fuere, aperta sunt, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 9: res, Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 5: operta bella, Verg. G. 1, 465: cineres, Hor. C. 2, 8, 9: hamum, id. S. 1, 16, 50.—As subst.: ŏpertum, i, n., a secret place or thing, a secret; an ambiguous answer, dark oracle, etc.: Apollinis operta, the dark, ambiguous oracles, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115: telluris operta subire, the depths, Verg. A. 6, 140: opertum Bonae Deae, the secret place or secret service, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 32: litterarum, a secret, Gell. 17, 9, 22.—Adv.: ŏpertē, covertly, figuratively (post-class.): operte et symbolice, Gell. 4, 11, 10.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
operiō (operībat, Pr.), uī, ertus, īre
2 PAR-, to cover, cover over: capite operto esse: fons fluctu totus operiretur, nisi: novis Minyeïdas alis, O.: amphoras auro, N.: reliquias pugnae, bury, Ta.: ad necem operiere loris, i. e. lashed soundly, T.—To shut, close: ostium, T.: opertā lecticā: scrobibus opertis, filled in, O.—Fig., to hide, conceal, dissemble: hoc, T.—To overwhelm, burden: iudicia operta dedecore.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *opweriō (alternatively reconstructed as *opwerjō), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi (“at, near”) (whence ob) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) + *-ye-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). See also aperiō.