verbfourth conjugation, no passive
mūgiō
mūgiō (present infinitive mūgīre, perfect active mūgīvī or mūgiī, supine mūgītum)
Classical[ˈmuː.ɡi.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈmuː.d͡ʒi.o]
Meaning
- to moo, low, bellow
reddidit ūna boum vōcem vāstōque sub antrō mūgiit
One heifer returned their call, and lowed from the deep cave, and foiled Cacus’s hopes from her prison. [source]29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 8.217–218 - to roar, rumble, bray, groan
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | mūgiō | mūgiēbam | mūgiam | mūgīvī mūgiī | mūgīveram mūgieram | mūgīverō mūgierō |
| 2nd sg. | mūgīs | mūgiēbās | mūgiēs | mūgīvistī mūgiistī | mūgīverās mūgierās | mūgīveris mūgieris |
| 3rd sg. | mūgit | mūgiēbat | mūgiet | mūgīvit mūgiit | mūgīverat mūgierat | mūgīverit mūgierit |
| 1st pl. | mūgīmus | mūgiēbāmus | mūgiēmus | mūgīvimus mūgiimus | mūgīverāmus mūgierāmus | mūgīverimus mūgierimus |
| 2nd pl. | mūgītis | mūgiēbātis | mūgiētis | mūgīvistis mūgiistis, mūgīstis | mūgīverātis mūgierātis | mūgīveritis mūgieritis |
| 3rd pl. | mūgiunt | mūgiēbant | mūgient | mūgīvērunt mūgīvēre, mūgiērunt, mūgiēre | mūgīverant mūgierant | mūgīverint mūgierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | mūgiam | mūgīrem | mūgīverim mūgierim | mūgīvissem mūgiissem |
| 2nd sg. | mūgiās | mūgīrēs | mūgīverīs mūgierīs | mūgīvissēs mūgiissēs |
| 3rd sg. | mūgiat | mūgīret | mūgīverit mūgierit | mūgīvisset mūgiisset |
| 1st pl. | mūgiāmus | mūgīrēmus | mūgīverīmus mūgierīmus | mūgīvissēmus mūgiissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | mūgiātis | mūgīrētis | mūgīverītis mūgierītis | mūgīvissētis mūgiissētis |
| 3rd pl. | mūgiant | mūgīrent | mūgīverint mūgierint | mūgīvissent mūgiissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | mūgī | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | mūgīte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | mūgītō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | mūgītō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | mūgītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | mūgiuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | mūgīre | — |
| perfect infinitive | mūgīvisse mūgiisse | — |
| future infinitive | mūgītūrum esse | — |
| present participle | mūgiēns | — |
| future participle | mūgītūrus | — |
gerundmūgiendī, mūgiendō, mūgiendumsupinemūgītum, mūgītū
mūgĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4, v. n. Sanscr. root, muǵ, sonare; Gr. μυκάομαι, μύζω,
I. to low, bellow (syn. boo).
I. Lit.:
inde cum actae boves mugissent, Liv. 1, 7. —Prov.: hic bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit, Juv. 14, 286.—Part. pres. subst.: mugientium Prospectat errantes greges, i. e. cattle, Hor. Epod. 2, 11.—II. Transf., of the sound of a trumpet, to bray:
Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor, Verg. A. 8, 526.—Of an earthquake, to rumble: sub pedibus mugire solum, id. ib. 6, 256.—Of a mast: si mugiat Africis Malus procellis. groans, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—Of thunder, to roar, crash, peal: mugire tonitrua, rutilare fulgura, Min. Fel. Octav. 5: quasi mugiente litterā M. Quint. 12, 10, 31: at tibi tergeminum mugiet ille sophos, will bellow or cry out to you, σοφῶς, well done! bravo! Mart. 3, 46, 8.—Also, to reject with a sound: cruentum mugiit, spat gore, Claud. Ruf. 1, 66.Mugĭo, ōnis, m.,
I. a Roman surname, Inscr. Grut. 339, 5.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
mūgiō īvī, —, īre
3 MV-, to low, bellow : cum boves mugissent, L.—Prov.: Hic bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit, Iu.— To roar, rumble, bray, groan : mugire putes nemus, H.: Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor, V.: Sub pedibus mugire solum, V.: si mugiat Africis Malus procellis, H.
Origins
From Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-, onomatopoeic form, reminiscent of cow's lowing. Within Italic, possibly related to Umbrian mugatu. Other cognates include Ancient Greek μῡκάομαι (mūkáomai, “to low, bellow”), Lithuanian mū̃kti (“to bellow”) and Russian мыча́ть (myčátʹ, “to moo”).
Borrowings
- Catalanmugir
- Frenchmugir
- Portuguesemugirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese mogir
- Spanishmugir
- Englishmugient
- Galicianmuxirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese mogir
Insular Romance
- Sardinianmughire
- Sardinianmuxire
- Sardinianmuire
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianmugi
- Romanianmugire
- Aromanianmudzescu, mudziri
Italo-Romance
- Italianmuggire
Gallo-Romance
- Old Frenchmuir
- Old Frenchmuire