lupus1
Meaning
- masculinewolf (Canis lupus)
Homō hominī lupus.
A man [is] a wolf to [another] man. - masculinepike (Esocidae)
- masculinewolffish (Anarhichadidae)
- masculinean uncertain kind of spider
- masculinea kind of bit
- masculinea kind of handsaw
- masculinea kind of hook used for hoisting objects
- masculinehops (Humulus lupulus)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
fera quae ovēs petit; canī similis.fera quae ovēs petitfera quae ovēs rapitChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Pellex · Concubina · Meretrix · Scortum
1. Pellex and the foreign word pallaca (παλλακή, παραλέγεσθαι,) mean the bed-fellow of a married man with reference to his wife, and in opp. to her, as her rival; whereas concubina means any bed-fellow, without further limitation than that she does not live in a state of lawful wedlock. Suet. Cæs. 49. Pellicem reginæ Dolabella Cæsarem dixit: comp. with Ner. 44. Concubinas, quas secum educeret. 2. Pellex and concubina are bound to one man; meretrix, scortum, lupa, prostibulum, are common prostitutes. 3. The meretrices and scorta are not so low as lupæ, prostibula. They exercise some choice and selection, and support themselves by the work of their own hands, from which meretrices derive their name (from mereri); meretrices are considered with ref. to the class they belong to; scorta (κόρη, κοράσιον), with ref. to their moral character, as enticing men to sin, like ἑταῖραι, filles de joie. The meretrices are common; the scorta, lascivious and dissolute. (v. 241.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | lupus | lupī |
| genitive | lupī | lupōrum |
| dative | lupō | lupīs |
| accusative | lupum | lupōs |
| ablative | lupō | lupīs |
| vocative | lupe | lupī |
torva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam, Verg. E. 2, 63; Plin. 10, 63, 88, § 173; 8, 22, 34, § 80: Martialis lupus, sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9; so, Martius, Verg. A. 9, 566: lupus femina for lupa, a she-wolf, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 355 (Ann. v. 70 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 378, 18 (ib. v. 73): lupus masculinum (est), quamquam Varro ... lupum feminam dicit, Ennium Pictoremque Fabium secutus, Quint. 1, 6, 12.—According to the belief of the Romans, if a wolf saw a man before the latter saw him, the man became dumb: vox quoque Moerim Jam fugit ipsa; lupi Moerim videre priores, Verg. E. 9, 53; cf. Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80.—Prov.: lupus in fabulā or sermone, said of the appearance of a person when he is spoken of; as we say in English, talk of the devil, and he appears: atque eccum tibi lupum in sermone, Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 71; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 21; Serv. Verg. E. 9, 54: de Varrone loquebamur: lupus in fabulā: venit enim ad me, Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4.—ovem lupo committere, to intrust sheep to a wolf, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16; cf. o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum! Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27; cf.: plenum montano credis ovile lupo? Ov. A. A. 2, 363.—(ε) Lupo agnum eripere, of a difficult undertaking; as in English, to snatch the meat from a dog's mouth, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 31.—(ζ) Lupus observavit, dum dormitaret canes, of one who watches his opportunity to be unobserved, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 133.—(η) Ovīs ultro fugiat lupus, of a very improbable act, Verg. E. 8, 52.—(θ) Tantum curamus frigora, quantum numerum (ovium) lupus, i. e. do not care at all, as the wolf does not care whether the number of the sheep is right or not, Verg. E. 7, 51.—et placido duros (equus) accipit ore lupos, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 3; Stat. Ach. 1, 281.—in alios lupi superne ferrei injecti, Liv. 28, 3, 7; Isid. Orig. 23, 15.—Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Uncertain. Possibilities include: * Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). The term may have undergone metathesis to Proto-Italic *lukʷos, which then may have entered Latin via a Osco-Umbrian language, where the change of *kʷ to /p/ is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna. According to the linguist Stefan Höfler, a non-metathesized Italic form may be reflected in Latin Ulpius. * Linguist Simon Esposito argues that, since Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos) may showcase similar metathesis, the term was borrowed from an Osco-Umbrian language that itself may have borrowed the term from Greek at an early date. * De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥p / *lup- (“marten”), which is perhaps also continued by Latin vulpēs (“fox”). According to De Vaan, such a development may have occurred due to the tabooistic replacement of the word for “wolf.” However, De Vaan notes that this theory requires an explanation for the term’s continuance as vulpēs. This etymology also requires a somewhat tenuous semantic development from “marten” > “fox” > “wolf”. Possible cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus.
- Italianlupofrom Vulgar Latin *lūpum
- Sardinianlupufrom Vulgar Latin *lūpum
- Catalanlupus
- EnglishLupus
- Englishlupus
- Frenchlupus
- Italianlupus
- Portugueselúpus
- Portugueselupo
- Romanianlupus
- Catalanllop
- Occitanlop
- Franco-Provençallop
- Old Frenchleu
- Portugueselobofrom Old Galician-Portuguese lobo
- Spanishlobofrom Old Spanish lobo
- Asturianllobufrom Old Leonese lobo
- Leonesellobufrom Old Leonese lobo
- Mirandeselhobofrom Old Leonese lobo
- Falalobufrom Old Galician-Portuguese lobo
- Galicianlobofrom Old Galician-Portuguese lobo
- Ladinolovofrom Old Spanish lobo
- Romanianlup
- Aromanianlup
- Aromanianlupu
- Istro-Romanianlup
- Megleno-Romanianlup
- Italianlopo
- Neapolitanlupo
- Gallo-Italic of Sicilylupöfrom Sicilian lupu
- Gallo-Italic of Sicilylup′from Sicilian lupu
- Gallo-Italic of Sicilylupufrom Sicilian lupu
- Malteselupufrom Sicilian lupu
- Italianlovofrom Venetan lovo
- Emilianlåuv
- Ligurianlô
- Lombardlov
- Lombardloff
- Lombardlóff
- Friulianlôf
- Romanshluf
- Esperantolupo
- Interlingualupo
- Volapüklup