verbsecond conjugation
iubeō
iubeō (present infinitive iubēre, perfect active iussī, supine iussum)
Classical[ˈjʊ.be.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈjuː.be.o]
№ 84 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- Classical LatinOld Latinto authorize, to legitimate, to make lawful, to homologate, to pass (a bill or law or decision)
MESS. Sic sine igitur, si tuom negas me esse, abire liberum. MEN. Mea quidem hercle causa liber esto atque ito quo voles. MESS. Nempe iubes?
MESS. Very well then, sir, if you say I'm not yours, let me go free. MEN. Lord, man, be free so far as I am concerned, and go where you like. MESS. So you authorize me, indeed? MEN. Lord, yes I authorize it, if I am supposed to decide over you.c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 1028–1030 - to bid, to command, to order
“[...] Equidem per lītora certōs dīmittam, et Libyae lūstrāre extrēma iubēbō, sī quibus ēiectus silvīs aut urbibus errat.” “For my part, I shall send forth reliable [men] along the shores, and order [them] to search the furthest edges of Libya, [to see] whether the shipwrecked [Aeneas] wanders some woods or towns.” – Queen Dido
29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.576–578[…]: mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.
[…] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 7.14
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
imperō ut fīat; magistrātus manū iubet.iubeō -ēre iussī — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs
to order
iubeō -ēre — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 6, 17, 20, 21
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Jubere · Imperare · Præcipere · Mandare
Jubere (from ἰότης) means to bid, merely in consequence of one’s own wish and will, in opp. to vetare, like κελεύειν; imperare, to command, by virtue of a military supreme authority, like ἄρχειν; præcipere to enjoin, by virtue of an authority as a teacher, etc., something like ἐντέλλεσθαι; mandare (from μήδομαι) to charge, in consequence of thorough confidence in a person, like ἐφίεσθαι.
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iubeō | iubēbam | iubēbō | iussī | iusseram | iusserō |
| 2nd sg. | iubēs | iubēbās | iubēbis | iussistī | iusserās | iusseris |
| 3rd sg. | iubet | iubēbat | iubēbit | iussit | iusserat | iusserit |
| 1st pl. | iubēmus | iubēbāmus | iubēbimus | iussimus | iusserāmus | iusserimus |
| 2nd pl. | iubētis | iubēbātis | iubēbitis | iussistis | iusserātis | iusseritis |
| 3rd pl. | iubent | iubēbant | iubēbunt | iussērunt iussēre | iusserant | iusserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iubeam | iubērem | iusserim | iussissem |
| 2nd sg. | iubeās | iubērēs | iusserīs | iussissēs |
| 3rd sg. | iubeat | iubēret | iusserit | iussisset |
| 1st pl. | iubeāmus | iubērēmus | iusserīmus | iussissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | iubeātis | iubērētis | iusserītis | iussissētis |
| 3rd pl. | iubeant | iubērent | iusserint | iussissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iubeor | iubēbar | iubēbor |
| 2nd sg. | iubēris iubēre | iubēbāris iubēbāre | iubēberis iubēbere |
| 3rd sg. | iubētur | iubēbātur | iubēbitur |
| 1st pl. | iubēmur | iubēbāmur | iubēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | iubēminī | iubēbāminī | iubēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | iubentur | iubēbantur | iubēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iubear | iubērer |
| 2nd sg. | iubeāris iubeāre | iubērēris iubērēre |
| 3rd sg. | iubeātur | iubērētur |
| 1st pl. | iubeāmur | iubērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | iubeāminī | iubērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | iubeantur | iubērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | iubē | iubēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | iubēte | iubēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | iubētō | iubētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | iubētō | iubētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | iubētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | iubentō | iubentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | iubēre | iubērī |
| perfect infinitive | iussisse | iussum esse |
| future infinitive | iussūrum esse | iussum īrī |
| present participle | iubēns iubente, iubentem, iubentēs, iubentī, iubentia, iubentibus, iubentis, iubentīs, iubentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | iussus |
| future participle | iussūrus iussūra, iussūrā, jussūra, jussūrā, iussūrae, jussūrae, iussūram, jussūram, iussūrārum, jussūrārum, iussūrās, jussūrās, iussūre, jussūre, iussūrī, jussūrī, iussūrīs, jussūrīs, iussūrō, jussūrō, iussūrōrum, jussūrōrum, iussūrōs, jussūrōs, iussūrum, jussūrum | iubendus jubenda, jubendā, jubendae, jubendam, jubendārum, jubendās, jubende, jubendīs, jubendōrum, jubendōs |
gerundiubendī, iubendō, iubendumsupineiussum, iussū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- legem iubere
- to ratify a law (used of the people).
- te valere iubeo
- I bid you good-bye, take my leave.
- legem ratam esse iubere
- to declare a law valid.
- e patria exire iubere aliquem
- to banish a man from his native land.
- aliquem salvere iubere (Att. 4. 14)
- to greet a person.
- macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo)
- good luck to you.
- senatus decrevit (populusque iussit) ut
- the senate decreed (and the people ratified the decree) that...
- lex iubet, vetat (dilucide, planissime)
- the law orders, forbids (expressly, distinctly).
3 more phrases
- aliquam suas res sibi habere iubere (Phil. 2. 28. 69)
- to separate from, divorce (of the man).
- ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
- to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion.
- adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
- he is a young man of great promise.
jŭbĕo, jussi, jussum (jusso for jussero, Verg. A. 11, 467; Sil. 12, 175:
I.
justi for jussisti, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 15.—Inf.: jusse, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 48: jussitur for jubetur, Cato, R. R. 14), 2, v. a. perh. = jus habere, to regard as right, hence, to order one to do something, to bid, tell, command (syn.: mando, impero, praecipio). I. In gen.:
jubesne? jubeo, cogo atque impero, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97: ut justi (jussisti), Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 85: defessa jubendo, est saeva Jovis conjux, Ov. M. 9, 198: sic jubeo, stat pro ratione voluntas, Juv. 6, 223. (a). With an object-clause:
jubeto, istos foras exire, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 16: hae me litterae Dolabellae jubent ad pristinas cogitationes reverti, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2: Perdicca pueros equos jussit conscendere, Curt. 10, 8, 4: eos suum adventum exspectare jussit, Caes. B. G. 1, 27 so with pass.: deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit, Liv. 27, 16, 8.—(b). With ut or ne:
jubet sententiam ut dicat suam, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 50: jubere ut haec quoque referret, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 28; Liv. 28, 36, 2; Curt. 8, 5, 38; 5, 13, 19; Suet. Tib. 22: jussitque ut quae venissent naves Euboeam peterent, Liv. 32, 16; Hor. S. 1, 4, 121.— Esp. of decrees of the people: senatus decrevit populusque jussit, ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 67, § 161; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Dom. 17, 44; Gell. 5, 19 (cf. II. B. infra): quod ne fieret, consules jusserunt, Hirt. B. G. 8, 52. —(g). With subj. alone (ante-class. and postAug., Madv. Gr. §
390): jube, mihi denuo respondeat, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 24; Liv. 30, 19, 2; 24, 10, 4; cf. esp. Ter. Eun. 3, 27, 3 sq. Weissenb.; 28, 36, 2: rescribat multa jubeto, Ov. Am. 1, 11, 19; id. M. 8, 795: 11, 588 al.—(d). With dat. pers.:
qui scribae ... deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit, Liv. 27, 16, 8: Hercules sacrorum custodibus jussit, ne mulierem interesse permitterent, Macr. S. 1, 12, 28: quibus jusserat, ut instantibus resisterent, Tac. A. 13, 40: Britannico jussit, exsurgeret, id. ib. 13, 15: suis rex cultu feminarum abstinere jussit, Curt. 5, 6, 8.—(ε) With acc. pers. vel rei: jube famulos, rem divinam mihi apparent, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 71: litterae non quae te aliquid juberent, sed, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 26: sed tu jussisses Eurysthea, Mart. 9, 66, 7: neque jubere caedem fratris palam audebat, Tac. A. 13, 15: Nero jussit scelera, id. Agr. 45.—(ζ) With acc. rei and dat. pers.: tributum iis Drusus jusserat modicum, imposed, Tac. A. 4, 72; cf. II. B. 2. infra: pacem jubebo Omnibus, Stat. Th. 7, 32.—(η) Pass.: quod jussi sunt faciunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 6: consules jubentur scribere exercitum, Liv. 3, 30: opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae, etc., Plin. Ep. 9, 26: Germanos non juberi, non regi, Tac. H. 4, 76: jussi sunt aegri deferri, Suet. Tib. 11; cf.: locus lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa, Liv. 28, 39, 19.—II. In partic.
A. To wish, desire, entreat, bid:
jubeto habere bonum animum, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 2: sperare nos amici jubent, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 2: valde jubeo gaudere te, id. ib. 7, 2, 3: Caesar te sine cura esse jussit, id. Att. 12, 6, 3: Dionysium jube salvere, salute him for me, id. ib. 4, 14. —So ellipt.: jubeo Chremetem, Ter. And. 3, 3, 1.—B. In polit. lang.
1. To order, decree, ratify, approve the introduction of a proposed law:
quae scisceret plebs aut quae populus juberet, Cic. Flac. 7, 15; Sall. J. 40, 3: legem populus Romanus jussit de civitate tribuenda, Cic. Balb. 17, 38: dicere apud populum de legibus jubendis aut vetandis, id. de Or. 1, 14, 60.—Absol. with de: de omnibus his—populum jussisse, Liv. 38, 45.—2. To designate, appoint, assign:
Tullum Hostilium regem populus jussit, Liv. 1, 22, 1 Weissenb.: id modo excepere ne postea eosdem tribunos juberent, id. 3, 30: quem vos imperatorem jussistis, Sall. J. 85, 11: postquam ei provinciam Numidiam populus jussit, allotted, id. ib. 84, 1.—3. Hence the formula, Velitis, jubeatis, with which the magistrates called upon the people to confirm any thing proposed to them:
rogationem promulgavit: vellent, juberent Philippo regi bellum indici, Liv. 31, 6.— C. Med. t. t., to prescribe, order:
quod jussi ei dari bibere, date, Ter. And. 3, 2, 4; Petr. 56, 3: aegrotus, qui jussus sit vinum sumere, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 78.—D. Transf.:
qui modo, si volucres habuissem regna jubentes, In populo potui maximus esse meo, Ov. F. 5, 461.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
iubeō iussī
(iūsti, for iussistī, T.; iūssō, for iusserō, V.; iūsse, for iussisse, T.), iūssus, ēre, to order, give an order, bid, tell, command: iubesne? iubeo, cogo, T.: non iubeo: defessa iubendo, O.: sic iubeo, stat pro ratione voluntas, Iu.: reverti iubet: Flores ferre iube, give orders, H.: iubes renovare dolorem, V.: hunc iubet sine curā esse: eos suum adventum exspectare, Cs.: alquem necari, S.: pontem rescindi, Cs.: ut haec quoque referret, etc.: ut classem traiceret, L.: senatus decrevit populusque iussit, ut, etc.: iube, mihi denuo Respondeat, T.: iubentes in Africam traiceret, L.: litterae non quae te aliquid iuberent, sed, etc.: Nero iussit scelera, Ta.: Illud ad haec iubeo, H.: Iunoni iussos adolemus honores, V.: uti iussi erant, S.: quod iussi sunt faciunt, Cs.: pendere poenas iussi, V.: Stellae sponte suā iussaene vagentur, H.—To wish, desire, entreat, bid: sperare nos amici iubent: Dionysium iube salvere, salute him for me: iubeo Chremetem (sc. salvere), T.— Of a proposed law, to order, decree, ratify, approve, enact: quae scisceret plebs aut quae populus iuberet: dicere de legibus iubendis aut vetandis: cives prava iubentes, H.: rogationem promulgavit, ‘vellent, iuberent Philippo regi bellum indici,’ etc., put it to vote, did they decree, etc.—To designate, appoint, assign: Tullum regem populus iussit, L.: alquem imperatorem, S.: ei provinciam Numidiam, allot, S.: Iussa mori, as a sacrifice, V.: perire iussus, H.: si volucres habuissem regna iubentes, O. —In medicine, to prescribe, order: Quod iussi ei dari bibere, date, T.: aegrotus, qui iussus sit vinum sumere.
Origins
From Old Latin ioubeō, from Proto-Italic *jouðeō, from earlier *jouðejō, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyowdʰéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *Hyewdʰ- (“move upright”), likely an extension of *h₂ey- (“life, age”). Indirectly cognate with iūrō and iūs, aevum and iūgis, and possibly with imitor and imāgō.
Descendants
- Italianiubere
In English words that came into English from iubeō
- jussivejussus
- fidejussorfīdēiussor
- fidejussionfideiussiō