verbthird conjugation
impellō
impellō (present infinitive impellere, perfect active impulī, supine impulsum)
Classical[ɪmˈpɛl.loː]Ecclesiastical[imˈpɛl.lo]
Meaning
- to push, drive or strike against something; assail
- to drive or push forward, set in motion, urge on, impel
- figurativelyto impel, incite, urge, instigate, stimulate, persuade
- figurativelyto overthrow, subdue, rout, destroy, vanquish
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
drive on, impel
impellō -ere — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impellō | impellēbam | impellam | impulī | impuleram | impulerō |
| 2nd sg. | impellis | impellēbās | impellēs | impulistī | impulerās | impuleris |
| 3rd sg. | impellit | impellēbat | impellet | impulit | impulerat | impulerit |
| 1st pl. | impellimus | impellēbāmus | impellēmus | impulimus | impulerāmus | impulerimus |
| 2nd pl. | impellitis | impellēbātis | impellētis | impulistis | impulerātis | impuleritis |
| 3rd pl. | impellunt | impellēbant | impellent | impulērunt impulēre | impulerant | impulerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impellam | impellerem | impulerim | impulissem |
| 2nd sg. | impellās | impellerēs | impulerīs | impulissēs |
| 3rd sg. | impellat | impelleret | impulerit | impulisset |
| 1st pl. | impellāmus | impellerēmus | impulerīmus | impulissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | impellātis | impellerētis | impulerītis | impulissētis |
| 3rd pl. | impellant | impellerent | impulerint | impulissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impellor | impellēbar | impellar |
| 2nd sg. | impelleris impellere | impellēbāris impellēbāre | impellēris impellēre |
| 3rd sg. | impellitur | impellēbātur | impellētur |
| 1st pl. | impellimur | impellēbāmur | impellēmur |
| 2nd pl. | impelliminī | impellēbāminī | impellēminī |
| 3rd pl. | impelluntur | impellēbantur | impellentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | impellar | impellerer |
| 2nd sg. | impellāris impellāre | impellerēris impellerēre |
| 3rd sg. | impellātur | impellerētur |
| 1st pl. | impellāmur | impellerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | impellāminī | impellerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | impellantur | impellerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | impelle | impellere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | impellite | impelliminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | impellitō | impellitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | impellitō | impellitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | impellitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | impelluntō | impelluntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | impellere | impellī |
| perfect infinitive | impulisse | impulsum esse |
| future infinitive | impulsūrum esse | impulsum īrī |
| present participle | impellēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | impulsus impulsa, impulsā, impulsae, impulsam, impulsārum, impulsās, impulse, impulsī, impulsīs, impulsō, impulsōrum, impulsōs |
| future participle | impulsūrus impulsūra, impulsūrā, impulsūrae, impulsūram, impulsūrārum, impulsūrās, impulsūre, impulsūrī, impulsūrīs, impulsūrō, impulsūrōrum, impulsūrōs, impulsūrum | impellendus impellundus, impellenda, impellendā, impellendae, impellendam, impellendārum, impellendās, impellende, impellendīs, impellendōrum, impellendōs |
gerundimpellendī, impellendō, impellendumsupineimpulsum, impulsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- acies hostium impellitur
- the enemy's line is repulsed.
- impellere aliquem in furorem
- to make some one furious.
- furore incensus, abreptus, impulsus
- in a transport of rage.
- multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
- I was induced by several considerations to...
impello (inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic
I. inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. in-pello, to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.
I. Lit.
A. In gen. (mostly poet.):
cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus, Verg. A. 1, 82: vocales impellere pollice chordas, to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145: aequora remis, id. ib. 3, 657; cf.: infidum remis marmor, Verg. G. 1, 254: impellunt animae lintea Thraciae, swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2: auras mugitibus, Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.: maternas aures Luctus, Verg. G. 4, 349: sensus, Lucr. 1, 303: colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum, Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437: impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice, Suet. Calig. 57: subitus antennas impulit ignis, Juv. 12, 19.—B. In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):
biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4: (navem) triplici versu (remorum), Verg. A. 5, 119: puppim remis velisque, Sil. 1, 568: ratem (levis aura), Ov. M. 15, 697: currum, Val. Fl. 6, 6: equum calce, Sil. 7, 697; cf.: cornipedem planta, id. 2, 71: Zephyris primum impellentibus undas, Verg. G. 4, 305: fluctus (ventus), Petr. 114: aequor velis, Tac. A. 2, 23: praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit, id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3: remos, id. ib. 4, 594: sagittam nervo, to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325: semen vehementius urinam impellit, drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180: praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus, give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22: procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex, is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440: impulit aciem, forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.: hostem primo impetu impulit, id. 9, 27, 9: impulsis hostibus castra cepit, Vell. 2, 70, 1: impulit Vitellianos modica caede, Tac. H. 3, 16: quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset, id. ib. 4, 34; 78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22: se in vulnus, Vell. 2, 70 fin.: inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit, Ov. M. 12, 552: ferrum capulo tenus, Sil. 9, 382: (Aufidus) in aequora fluctus, id. 7, 482; 14, 429: jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis, id. 11, 270.II. Trop.
A. To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.
(a). Aliquem in aliquid:
nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc., Cic. Mil. 33, 89: hic in fraudem homines impulit, id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and: in fraudem impulsus, id. Deiot. 12, 32: in sermonem, id. de Or. 2, 89, 363: in plurimas animum audientium species impellere, Quint. 12, 10, 43.—(b). Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):
ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat, Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126: ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi, id. Brut. 5, 19: facile ad credendum, id. Rep. 2, 10: aliquos ad omne facinus, id. ib. 6, 1: ad maleficium, Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34: ad injuriam faciendam, Cic. Fl. 34, 85: ad scelus, id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39: ad bellum, id. Sull. 13, 36: ad crudelitatem, Quint. 8, 3, 85: ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem, id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—(g). With ut:
quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus, Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77: Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent, Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.— (d). With a terminal adv.:
dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur, Ter. And. 1, 5, 31: impulit huc animos, Luc. 8, 454: voluntates impellere quo velit, Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—(ε) With inf.: fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit, Liv. 22, 6, 7: quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis? Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10: quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere, id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—(ζ) With the simple acc.: ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone, to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486: cum praetor lictorem impellat, Juv. 3, 128: quis modo casus impulit hos, id. 15, 120: vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos, to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.: (ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312: Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse, Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3: vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis, Quint. 11, 1, 71: hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit, Ter. And. 1, 1, 72: impulsus irā ... Quibus iris impulsus, id. Hec. 3, 5, 35: furore atque amentia impulsus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4: hac impulsi occasione, id. ib. 7, 1, 3: Induciomari nuntiis impulsi, id. ib. 5, 26, 2: Cassandrae impulsus furiis, Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.: quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus, Quint. 7, 1, 10: cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur, Tac. Agr. 25; cf.: impulsum bellum, Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—(η) Absol.: cui (δαιμονίῳ) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122: qui nullo impellente fallebant, id. Fl. 8, 20: uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae), Quint. 12, 10, 48.—B. To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:
miseri post fata Sychaei ... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit, i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23: impellere ruentem, to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.: inpulsas Vitellii res audietis, id. ib. 3, 2: inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149: impulsum bellum, i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330: impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret, id. 1, 149: tum leviter est temptatum, ... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum, Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
impellō (in-p-) pulī, pulsus, ere.
I. I. To strike against, push, drive, smite, strike, reach: montem Impulit in latus, V.: inpulsas tentavit pollice chordas, O.: manu portas, V.: Impellunt animae lintea, swell, H.: auras mugitibus, O.: antemnas impulit ignis, Iu.—To break, put to rout, smite: hostem, L.—Fig., to strike, inflict a blow upon: praecipitantem igitur impellamus, give a push to: Solus hic animum labantem Impulit, has mastered, V.: legentem Aut tacitum quovis sermone, disturb, H.—
II. II. To set in motion, drive forward, move, urge on, impel, propel, wield: biremes subiectis scutulis impulsae, Cs.: Inpulerat aura ratem, O.: Zephyris impellentibus undas, V.: arma, clash, V.: nervo impulsa sagitta, discharged, V.—Fig., to move, impel, incite, urge, induce, instigate, stimulate, persuade: qui nullo impellente fallebant: cum praetor lictorem impellat, Iu.: Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus defecisse, Cs.: hac famā inpulsus venit, T.: Indutiomari nuntiis impulsi, Cs.: cum bellum impelleretur, Ta.: eum in eam mentem, ut, etc.: in fraudem obsequio inpelli: plebem ad furorem, Cs.: servum ad accusandum dominum: me, haec ut crederem, T.: alquem, uti eat, S.: Germanos impelli, ut in Galliam venirent, Cs.: animus, huc vel illuc inpellitur, T.: voluntates impellere quo velit: alquos capessere fugam, L.: quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis? V.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinimpellō
Proto-Indo-European *pel- Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *-né-der. Proto-Italic *pelnōder. Latin pellō Latin impellō From in- + pellō (“push, drive”).
Descendants
- Catalanimpel·lir
- Englishimpelfrom Middle English impellen
- Italianimpellere
- Portugueseimpelir
- Spanishempeller
- Spanishimpeler
- Spanishempellar
- Galicianimpeler