verbfirst conjugation
excūsō
excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum)
Classical[ɛkˈskuː.soː]Ecclesiastical[ekˈskuː.s̬o]
Meaning
- to excuse, allege in excuse, free from a charge
- to cite as an excuse or pretext or justification
- to exempt, dispense
- to justify by an excuse
Saint Jerome Dum excusare credis, accusas When you believe you are excusing yourself, you are accusing yourself.
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excūsō | excūsābam | excūsābō | excūsāvī | excūsāveram excūsāram | excūsāverō excūsārō |
| 2nd sg. | excūsās | excūsābās | excūsābis | excūsāvistī excūsāstī | excūsāverās excūsārās | excūsāveris excūsāris |
| 3rd sg. | excūsat | excūsābat | excūsābit | excūsāvit excūsāt | excūsāverat excūsārat | excūsāverit excūsārit |
| 1st pl. | excūsāmus | excūsābāmus | excūsābimus | excūsāvimus excūsāmus | excūsāverāmus excūsārāmus | excūsāverimus excūsārimus |
| 2nd pl. | excūsātis | excūsābātis | excūsābitis | excūsāvistis excūsāstis | excūsāverātis excūsārātis | excūsāveritis excūsāritis |
| 3rd pl. | excūsant | excūsābant | excūsābunt | excūsāvērunt excūsārunt, excūsāvēre | excūsāverant excūsārant | excūsāverint excūsārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excūsem | excūsārem | excūsāverim excūsārim | excūsāvissem excūsāssem |
| 2nd sg. | excūsēs | excūsārēs | excūsāverīs excūsārīs | excūsāvissēs excūsāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | excūset | excūsāret | excūsāverit excūsārit | excūsāvisset excūsāsset |
| 1st pl. | excūsēmus | excūsārēmus | excūsāverīmus excūsārīmus | excūsāvissēmus excūsāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | excūsētis | excūsārētis | excūsāverītis excūsārītis | excūsāvissētis excūsāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | excūsent | excūsārent | excūsāverint excūsārint | excūsāvissent excūsāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excūsor | excūsābar | excūsābor |
| 2nd sg. | excūsāris excūsāre | excūsābāris excūsābāre | excūsāberis excūsābere |
| 3rd sg. | excūsātur | excūsābātur | excūsābitur |
| 1st pl. | excūsāmur | excūsābāmur | excūsābimur |
| 2nd pl. | excūsāminī | excūsābāminī | excūsābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | excūsantur | excūsābantur | excūsābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | excūser | excūsārer |
| 2nd sg. | excūsēris excūsēre | excūsārēris excūsārēre |
| 3rd sg. | excūsētur | excūsārētur |
| 1st pl. | excūsēmur | excūsārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | excūsēminī | excūsārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | excūsentur | excūsārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | excūsā | excūsāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | excūsāte | excūsāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | excūsātō | excūsātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | excūsātō | excūsātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | excūsātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | excūsantō | excūsantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | excūsāre | excūsārī |
| perfect infinitive | excūsāvisse excūsāsse | excūsātum esse |
| future infinitive | excūsātūrum esse | excūsātum īrī |
| present participle | excūsāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | excūsātus excūsāta, excūsātā, excūsātae, excūsātam, excūsātārum, excūsātās, excūsātī, excūsātōrum, excūsātōs |
| future participle | excūsātūrus excūsātūra, excūsātūrā, excūsātūrae, excūsātūram, excūsātūrārum, excūsātūrās, excūsātūre, excūsātūrī, excūsātūrīs, excūsātūrō, excūsātūrōrum, excūsātūrōs, excūsātūrum | excūsandus excūsanda, excūsandā, excūsandae, excūsandam, excūsandārum, excūsandās, excūsande, excūsandīs, excūsandōrum, excūsandōs |
gerundexcūsandī, excūsandō, excūsandumsupineexcūsātum, excūsātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- excusare morbum, valetudinem
- to plead ill-health as an excuse for absence.
- valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7)
- to excuse oneself on the score of health.
ex-cūso (excuss-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. causa; cf. accuso, from ad-causa; qs. to release from a charge, to free from blame; hence,
I. to excuse a person or thing.
I. Lit.
(a). With a personal object, aliquem alicui:
Atticae meae velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te transferas, Cic. Att. 15, 28; cf.: aliquem alicui per litteras, id. Fam. 11, 15, 1; and: his omnibus me vehementer excusatum volo, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 40, § 103.—With quod: Titium excusavit Vespa Terentius, quod eum brachium fregisse diceret, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253: Libo excusat Bibulum, quod is, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 16, 3: primum me tibi excuso in eo ipso, in quo te accuso, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1: se de aliqua re, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1: de me excusando apud Apuleium, dederam ad te litteras, Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1: se alicui, Plaut. As. 4, 2, 4; Quint. 4, 1, 75 et saep.—In pass.: cura, ut excuser morbi causa in dies singulos, Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2: si citatus judex non responderit excuseturque Areopagites esse, etc., excuses himself as being, etc., id. Phil. 5, 5, 14: dixi, cur excusatus abirem, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 7: apud Appuleium in dies ut excuser videbis, Cic. Att. 12, 15, 1: me excusatum esse apud Appuleium a Laterense, id. ib. 12, 17, 1.—(b). With inanim. or abstr. objects, to excuse, apologize for:
Varroni memineris excusare tarditatem litterarum mearum, Cic. Att. 15, 26 fin.: habitum permutatum, Quint. 3, 7, 6: palliolum, fascias, etc. (sola valetudo), id. 11, 3, 144: commentarios, id. 10, 7, 31: missos ignes, Ov. M. 2, 397; dolorem, id. ib. 4, 256: toros, Stat. Th. 2, 256: reditum Agrippinae ob imminentem partum et hiemem, her not returning, Tac. A. 1, 44.II. Transf.
A. Aliquid (alicui), i. q. se propter aliquid, to allege in excuse, to plead as an excuse, to excuse one's self with.
(a). With acc.:
propinquitatem excusavit, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1: morbum, id. ib. 9, 4, 8: inopiam (with calamitatem queri), Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3: valetudinem, Liv. 6, 22 fin.: imbecillitatem, Suet. Tib. 6: vires, Ov. M. 14, 462: diversa, Tac. A. 3, 11 et saep.: ille Philippo Excusare laborem et mercenaria vincla, Quod non mane domum venisset, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 67: dictatorem se apud patres excusare solitum, Liv. 6, 39, 4: aliquid apud aliquem, Curt. 5, 10, 8; Suet. Tib. 68.—Pass.: quae apud Vitellium excusanda erant, Tac. H. 2, 85: excusata necessitas praesentium, id. ib. 1, 78: excusata rei familiaris mediocritate, Suet. Aug. 101: excusatus languor faucium, propter quem non adesset, id. Ner. 41 et saep.—(b). With an object-clause:
si prehensi sumus, excusemus, ebrios Nos fecisse, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 19 (but in id. Merc. 2, 3, 126, the correct reading is incusato, v. Ritschl ad h. l.): excusanti, minus datum ad occultandam facinoris invidiam, Suet. Ner. 33; id. Aug. 69.—B. Aliquem ab aliqua re, aliqua re, or alicui rei, to excuse, absolve one from any thing; to discharge, dispense with one (postAug.):
a coepta (tutela) excusari, Dig. 27, 1, 11: collegarum filiorum tutela excusari, ib. 9; cf. Ambros. in Psa. 1, § 46: cui excusari mallet, Tac. A. 1. 12; Vulg. Luc. 14, 19. But (class.): se de aliqua re: legati venerunt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, quod, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1.—C. Se ab aliqua re, to shelter, protect one's self from any thing (post-class.):
ut invicom se a calore excusent (plantae), Pall. Nov. 7, 2. —Hence, D. Aliquid aliqua re, to compensate, atone for any thing (post-Aug. and rare):
nefas armis, Claud. de Bell. Get. 562; Stat. Th. 6, 44; Plin. Pan. 32, 4.—Hence, excūsātus, a, um, P. a., excused (postAug. and rare): hoc et ego excusatior, si forte sum lapsus, et tu dignior laude, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 11; 4, 5, 4: excusatissimus essem, etiamsi, etc., Sen. Const. Sap. 29.—Adv.: excūsātē, without blame, excusably: fieri id videtur excusate, Quint. 2, 1, 13.—Comp.: quod exoratus excusatius facies, Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3; Tac. A. 3, 68; Just. 32, 2.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
excūsō āvī, ātus, āre
ex +*causo; 1 CAV- —With pers. obj., to excuse, make an excuse for : Atticae me: se de consilio, Cs.: me apud Apuleium: ut excuser morbi causā: si iudex excusetur Areopagites esse, pleads as his excuse : dixi, cur excusatus abirem, H.: Titium excusavit, quod, etc.: cognatione Licini se, L.: verba excusantia, apologies , O.— To excuse, apologize for : Varroni tarditatem litterarum: missos ignīs, O.— To allege in excuse, plead, excuse oneself with : propinquitatem: inopiam, Cs.: verba excusandae valetudini solita, L.: Philippo laborem, H.— To decline, refuse, excuse the refusal of : reditum Agrippinae ob hiemem, Ta.: in cognitionibus se (iudices), Ta.: alcui rei excusari, to be relieved of , Ta.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰ
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰs
- Proto-Italic*eks
- Latinexcūsō
Latin ex- Proto-Italic *kaussā Old Latin caussa Latin causa Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin excūsō From ex- + causa (“cause, reason; case”) + -ō.
Descendants
- Catalanexcusar
- Frenchexcuserfrom Old French escuser
- Englishexcusefrom Old French escuser
- Italianscusare
- Occitanexcusar
- Portugueseescusar
- Romanianscuza
- Sardinianiscugiare
- Spanishexcusar
- Galicianescusar