“wood” in Latin

Timber, lignum (general term); plur., ligna (pieces of wood, especially fire-wood): materia, more rarely materies (timber, whether standing, or felled and squared): materiatio (timber used for building). To grow or increase in wood, in materiam et frondem effundi: the more we trim trees, the more do they grow in wood, quo plus putantur arbores, eo plus materiae fundunt. To cut or fell wood, ligna or materiam caedere: to cleave wood, ligna findere: to fetch wood, lignari; materiari: to be of wood, de ligno esse; of wood, ligneus. Wine that is in the wood, vinum doliare (Ulp., Dig.).

A place where trees grow, silva (a number of trees together, with thick underwood): saltus (a forest, especially, as some suppose, a thickly wooded ravine, or mountain dell; Vid: Herzog ad Caes., B.G., 7, 19: Voss. ad Verg. the German-Latin Lexicon of Georges, 1, 16; also a wood where cattle feed, or a wooded chain of mountains; hence distinguished from mons and silva; silvis aut saltibus, Caes.; saltus silvasque, Verg.; montes saltusque, Justinus): nemus (a plantation): lucus (a sacred grove). A thick wood, magna, densa silva.