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“solecism” in Latin

The English word solecism itself goes back to Latin soloecismus.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

solecism
vitium: error: ☞ barbarismus, a fault in single words, as though one should say Maecenum for Maecenatem, or should use an outlandish word; e.g., canthus, for ferrum quo rotae vinciuntur soloecismus, a fault in grammar or construction; e.g., non feceris, for ne feceris; acyrologia, Greek or Latin, improprium, an erroneous combination of words, as, hunc ego si potui tantum sperare (for timere, dolorem, Quint., 1, 5, 6).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for solecism?
The usual Latin words for “solecism” are vitium, errō, canthus; also ăcȳrŏlŏgĭa, improprius, dolor. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.