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“evaporation” in Latin

The English word evaporation itself goes back to Latin vapōrō, through evaporatio.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

evaporation
exhalatio: exspiratio: aspiratio (all Cic., of the evaporation from the earth): ☞ evaporatio (post- Augustinan; terrae, Sen.; nivis, Gell.): respiratio (from the water): vaporatio (e.g., inundantium aquarum, Sen.): evaporation from the earth, from the waters, vapores, qui a sole ex agris tepefactis or ex aquis excitantur (Cic.); also terrae exhalationes, exspirationes, aspirationes.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for evaporation?
The usual Latin words for “evaporation” are exhālātiō, exspīrātiō, aspīrātiō; also respīrātiō, văpōrātĭo, terra. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.