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“distinctive” in Latin

The English word distinctive itself goes back to Latin stinguō, through distinctus.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

distinctive
by circumlocution. A distinctive mark, discrimen: nota. A distinctive badge, insigne: Some distinctive mark may be found even between things that seem exactly alike, res - quae pares maxime videntur, utique discrimine aliquo discernuntur (Quint. 10, 2, 10).
Judicious; Vid: CLEVER.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for distinctive?
The usual Latin words for “distinctive” are discrīmen, nōtus, īnsigne. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.