“deep” in Latin

altus (what recedes from a surface by height or depth; hence, relatively “high” or “deep;” e.g., deep water, aqua; a river, flumen; roots, radices; wound caused by a thrust, plaga. The figurative translation of “deep” by altus for magnus, summus, is foreign to classical prose): profundus (entering deep into the ground; e.g., the sea, mare [whereas mare altum means both the deep sea, and the high sea]; a whirlpool, gurges. In its figurative meaning, profundus means what is “unlimited,” “unbridled,” and therefore does not belong to “deep’): depressus; demissus (lying low; e.g., country, loca): in altitudinem depressus (e.g., vallis, opposed to late patens, Hirtius): latus (of horizontal depth; e.g., of the depth of a house): gravis (of sound; base, opposed to acutus; e.g., tone, sonus vox; vocis genus): arctus or (rather) artus (fast; of sleep): magnus (great; e.g., affliction, luctus): summus (very great, calm, quies; tranquillitas; silence, silentium; learning, eruditio): cf.,” The measure of the depth” is expressed by altus with the accusative (later with ablative), or in altitudinem with genitive :; but the latter only when the statement is that anything is made or becomes of that depth, consequently only with verb or participle. So with latus or in latitudinem, of horizontal depth: three feet deep, tres pedes altus, latus: a place ten feet deep, locus in altitudinem pedum decern depressus: a house ten feet deep, domus, quae in latitudinem pedum decern exstructa est: very deep, praealtus; infinita altitudine; in mirandam altitudinem depressus: deep peace, placidissima pax; in the deepest peace, in intimo sinu pacis (Plin., Paneg., 56, 4, in such relations as gerere consulatum): to live in the deepest peace, placidissima pace uti or frui (later, profundissima pace florere): being in a state of the deepest peace, pacatissimus (e.g., of a town, or province): to be lying in a deep sleep, arte (arete) dormire: to be in deep affliction, in summo esse luctu: to be deep in thought, in cogitatione defixum esse: to have a deep insight into anything, accuratam alicujus rei cogitationem habere: to draw a deep sigh, alte suspiria petere (Plaut.); ab immo pectore suspirare or suspiria ducere (Ov.): to pierce deep into the body, alte in corpus descendere (of a spear, etc.): a deep furrow, sulcus altius impressus (Cic.): to make a deep furrow, sulcum alte imprimere: to make a ditch three feet deep, fossam tres pedes altam deprimere; scrobem trium in altitudinem pedum defodere: to dip one’s nose deep into one’s drink, nares in bibendo altius mergere: to penetrate deeper, penitius penetrare (e.g., of a wound): to lie deep, in loco depresso, or demisso situm esse (of a country); penitus abditum esse (to be deeply hidden; e.g., in the earth, of gold, silver, etc.); in profundo demersum or abstrusum esse (figuratively of truth) deep-sunk eyes, oculi conditi: to strike deep root, altius radices agere: capere radices (Cat., Plin., PROP.); penitus immittere radices (Quint., figuratively): to have struck deep root [Vid: DEEPLY]: they spring up quickly because they have no deep root, ut quae summo solo sparsa sunt semina, celerius se effundunt (Quint. 1, 3, 5, figuratively): deep-rooted; [Vid: DEEPLY]: deep-rooted vice, vitium penitus defixum et haerens (Cic.); vitium adultum et praevaiidum (Tac.): deep- rooted affection, amor penitus insitus: a deep bed (of a river), pressus in solum alveus (Curt.): a very deep cavern, vasto recessu submota spelunca (Verg.): to dig deep, altius terram effodere (Cic.): to dig deep ditches, scrobes in profundum agere (Plin.): to dig deep, depressius pastinare (Col.; e.g., the soilfor vines): to penetrate deep into a country, interiores regiones petere; ad interiores regiones penetrare.

Cunning (e.g., not easily fathomed), astutus; callidus; versutus; veterator; vafer; subdolus, etc. (The words are found in this connection and order.) callidus et astutus; astutus et callidus; versutus et callidus; callidus et acutus ad fraudem; veterator et callidus. [Vid: CUNNING.]

Profound, deeply learned, subtilis (of persons and things): ingenii acumine valens; acerrimo or acutissimo ingenio (of persons): obscurus: occultus: involutus: absconditus: reconditus: abstrusus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) occultus et quasi involutus: reconditus et abstrusus (hard to understand; of things). A deep discussion, disputatio subtilis or abstrusa: disputatio paulo abstrusior (Cic.): without entering upon any deep discussion, remota subtilitate disserendi: deep learning, summa or praeclara eruditio; litterae non vulgares, sed quaedam interiores et reconditae: a deep thinker, homo subtilis: to be a deep thinker, acute, subtiliter cogitare; subtllem or acutum esse in cogitando (after Cic.); subtllem esse disputatorem (Cic.).

Dark (of color), nigrans or nigricans (blackish); austerus (opposed to bright, floridus): adstrictus (opposed to excitatus, Plin.): nubilus et pressus (Solin.).

altum (the high sea, opposed to coast or haven): salum (the open sea, σάλος; opposed to haven): mare (general term: cf., pelagus and pontus are used by the poets only): Oceanus; mare oceanus (the main, of which seas are parts): to commit one’s self to the deep, navigationi se committere: to launch into the deep, navem solvere; also merely solvere; altum petere; in altum provehi. Vid: SEA.