LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“criterion” in Latin

The English word criterion itself goes back to Latin criterion.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

criterion
signum (general term): insigne (the characteristic mark of anything): nota (the mark impressed on anything, to distinguish it by): indicium (that which indicates its nature). (The words are found in this connection and order.) indicium atque insigne; also (alicujus rei) insigne proprium et peculiare; proprium alicujus rei: to use anything as a criterion, adhibere aliquid tamquam obrussam (Cic.): to serve as a criterion, signo esse: that is thee, of such or such a thing, haec est alicujus rei obrussa (Sen., Ep., 13, 1): to try anything by a criterion, aliquid ab obrussam exigere (Sen., Quaest., 4, 5, 1): the criterion of true and false, veri et falsi nota; insigne veri; *veri quasi obrussa.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for criterion?
The usual Latin words for “criterion” are signum, īnsigne, nōtus; also indicium. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.