verbthird conjugation
cōgō
cōgō (present infinitive cōgere, perfect active coēgī, supine coāctum)
Classical[ˈkoː.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkɔː.ɡo]
cōgēns pres. act. ptcp.№ 250 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to collect, assemble, gather together
Diē cōnstitūtā causae dictiōnis, Orgetorīx ad iūdicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum mīlia decem, undique coēgit, […].
On the day appointed for the pleading of the case, Orgetorix gathered to the trial all his relations, about ten thousand men, from every direction, […] .c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.4 - to restrict or confine in space
Thomas of Celano, Dies Irae
The trumpet, scattering its awesome sound across the sepulchres of the lands, shall assemble all people before the Throne. - to force, compel, urge, encourage, finagle
Novum opus facere me cogis ex veteri, ut post exemplaria scripturarum toto orbe dispersa quasi quidam arbiter sedeam (...).
You order me to make a new work out of the old one, so that after the copies of the Scriptures dispersed across the globe I preside as some kind of arbitrator (...).Saint Jerome, Preface to the Vulgatane pulcherrimam prope totius Galliae urbem, quae praesidio et ornamento sit civitati, suis manibus succendere cogerentur
lest they should be compelled to set fire with their own hands to the fairest city of almost the whole of Gaul, which is a protection and ornament to the statec. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico VII.15
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vī faciō ut aliquis agat quod nōn vult.cōgō -ere coēgī — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs
compellō, coāctum faciōcōgō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 12
compellor, invītus faciōcōgor -ī — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 6
vī impellō, iubeōcōgō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 11
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Cogere · Adigere
Cogere (from co-igere) means by force and power to compel to something; adigere, by reflection and the suggestion of motives to persuade to something. Tac. Ann. vi. 27. Se ea necessitate ad preces cogi, per quas consularium aliqui capessere provincias adigerentur. (vi. 70.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōgō | cōgēbam | cōgam | coēgī | coēgeram | coēgerō |
| 2nd sg. | cōgis | cōgēbās | cōgēs | coēgistī | coēgerās | coēgeris |
| 3rd sg. | cōgit | cōgēbat | cōget | coēgit | coēgerat | coēgerit |
| 1st pl. | cōgimus | cōgēbāmus | cōgēmus | coēgimus | coēgerāmus | coēgerimus |
| 2nd pl. | cōgitis | cōgēbātis | cōgētis | coēgistis | coēgerātis | coēgeritis |
| 3rd pl. | cōgunt | cōgēbant | cōgent | coēgērunt coēgēre | coēgerant | coēgerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōgam | cōgerem | coēgerim | coēgissem |
| 2nd sg. | cōgās | cōgerēs | coēgerīs | coēgissēs |
| 3rd sg. | cōgat | cōgeret | coēgerit | coēgisset |
| 1st pl. | cōgāmus | cōgerēmus | coēgerīmus | coēgissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cōgātis | cōgerētis | coēgerītis | coēgissētis |
| 3rd pl. | cōgant | cōgerent | coēgerint | coēgissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōgor | cōgēbar | cōgar |
| 2nd sg. | cōgeris cōgere | cōgēbāris cōgēbāre | cōgēris cōgēre |
| 3rd sg. | cōgitur | cōgēbātur | cōgētur |
| 1st pl. | cōgimur | cōgēbāmur | cōgēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cōgiminī | cōgēbāminī | cōgēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cōguntur | cōgēbantur | cōgentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōgar | cōgerer |
| 2nd sg. | cōgāris cōgāre | cōgerēris cōgerēre |
| 3rd sg. | cōgātur | cōgerētur |
| 1st pl. | cōgāmur | cōgerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cōgāminī | cōgerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cōgantur | cōgerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cōge | cōgere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cōgite | cōgiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cōgitō | cōgitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cōgitō | cōgitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cōgitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cōguntō | cōguntor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cōgere | cōgī |
| perfect infinitive | coēgisse | coāctum esse |
| future infinitive | coāctūrum esse | coāctum īrī |
| present participle | cōgēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | coāctus |
| future participle | coāctūrus coāctūra, coāctūrā, coāctūrae, coāctūram, coāctūrārum, coāctūrās, coāctūre, coāctūrī, coāctūrīs, coāctūrō, coāctūrōrum, coāctūrōs, coāctūrum | cōgendus cōgundus |
gerundcōgendī, cōgendō, cōgendumsupinecoāctum, coāctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- agmen claudere, cogere
- to bring up the rear.
- senatum cogere (Liv. 3. 39)
- to assemble the senate.
- pecuniam cogere a civitatibus
- to extort money from the communities.
- cogere omnes copias in unum locum
- to concentrate all the troops at one point.
- populum in deditionem venire cogere
- to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.
- supplementum cogere, scribere, legere
- to levy recruits to fill up the strength.
- concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re
- to draw a conclusion from a thing.
cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. contr. from co-ago,
I. to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
I. Lit.
A. In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):
cogantur (oves) intro, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf. pecus, id. ib. 3, 20: oves stabulis, id. ib. 6, 85: nubes in unum locum, Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734: oleam, to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9: talenta ad quindecim Coëgi, received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30: Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.: multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium, id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304: concilium Hypatam, Liv. 36, 26, 1: bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1: copias in unum locum, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.: exercitum in unum, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: multitudinem in unum, Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4: in classem, Liv. 36, 3, 5: milites in provinciam, id. 43, 15, 7: exercitum Dyrrhachium, Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.: ad militiam aliquos, id. J. 85, 3: acies in proelia, Verg. A. 9, 463: auxilia undique, id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate: quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.: dum senatus cogeretur, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7: coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā, id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator: cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer? Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.: ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes, contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt: quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur, id. 5, 14, 9.—B. Esp.
1. Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:
mella frigore (opp. calore remittere), Verg. G. 4, 36: lac in duritiam, Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666: fel sole, Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116: liquorem in nivem, id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly: coacta alvus, hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so, vestis coacta, fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —2. Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:
saltus in arctas coactus fauces, Liv. 22, 15, 11.—3. Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—
II. Trop.
A. In gen.:
hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.), Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2: me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti, have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6: in eam desperationem, ut, Suet. Caes. 20: verba in alternos pedes, i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq., B. Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
(a). With acc.:
coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet, Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36: vis cogendae militiae, Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—(b). With inf:
omnia vertere, Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837: mori me, Verg. E. 2, 7: plerasque ad officium redire, Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2: neque cogi pugnare poterat, id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—(g). With ut:
vi coepi cogere ut rediret, Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—(d). With ad:
ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes, Nep. Them. 4, 4: ad lacrimas, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57: ad proelia, Verg. A. 12, 581: Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere, Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—(ε) With in: in lacrimas, Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23; Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem, Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—(ζ) With acc. 1. With double acc.:
cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid, Quint. 11, 1, 22: quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44: quod sua quemque mala cogebant, Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6: cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno, to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10: quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames! Verg. A. 3, 56.—2. With acc. of the thing:
ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret, Nep. Att. 22, 2: quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet, Vell. 2, 81, 1: adulterium, Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—3. Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:
ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur, Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—4. Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;
v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus, Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.: sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen, Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence, 1. coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin.—
2. coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:
quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret, Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3: lacrimae, Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—3. coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence),
a. Shortly, quickly:
coactius quid factum et festinantius, Gell. 10, 11, 8.—b. Accurately, strictly:
coactius interpretari verbum, Gell. 19, 2.—c. In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cōgō coēgī, coāctus, ere
com- + ago, to drive together, collect, crowd, bring together, summon, congregate, convene: certe cogit is qui congregat homines: coacti sunt si, etc.: pecus, V.: talenta ad quindecim Coëgi, collected, T.: pecunias, to exact: pecuniam a civitatibus, to extort: ad iudicium familiam, Cs.: concilio coacto, Cs.: (equites) ex Latio, levy, S.: copias in unum locum, Cs.: ingens coacta vis navium est, L.: milites in provinciam, L.: ad militiam aliquos, S.: auxilia undique, V.: senatum, to convene, L.: cogimur in senatum: coguntur senatores gratiā: in senatum acerbe cogi, to be summoned: ovīs stabulis, V. — Of fluids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate, gather: caelum in quo nubes coguntur: in nubem cogitur aër, V.: frigore mella, V.: lac coactum, O. — To contract, narrow, straiten: saltus in artas coactus fauces, L.: amnem in tenuem alvum, Cu.—To force, drive, press: quercum cuneis coactis scindere, V.: vitīs in sulcum, V.—With agmen, to bring up the rear, L.: ut nec agmen cogamus, are the last: stellae, quarum agmina cogit Lucifer, O. — Fig.: in angustum meae coguntur copiae, my resources are brought into straits, T.: me defensionis in semihorae curriculum, restrict. — To urge, force, compel, constrain: coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet, T.: tam vehemens fui quam cogebar: vis cogendae militiae, L.: huic leges cogunt nubere hanc, T.: Orgetorigem causam dicere, Cs.: Iugurtham spem salutis in fugā habere, S.: vi ut rediret, T.: ut vos eum condemnetis: vi, ut eos paterentur, etc., Cs.: senatus cogitur ut decernat, ut, etc.: ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes, N.: ad proelia, V.: alquem in deditionem, L.: et scis in breve te cogi (of a book), are rolled up tightly, H.: finitumos armis sub imperium suum, S.: quod vos vis cogit, id, etc., T.: quod sua quemque mala cogebant, L.: quid non mortalia pectora cogis? V.: ad id, quod natura cogeret, accelerare, N.: quidquid cogebat ventris furor, Iu.: Invitus feci, lex coëgit, T.: ‘non licet.’ At causa cogit: vagi quas nox coëgerat sedes habebant, S.: nullo cogente, spontaneously, O.: lacrimae coactae, forced, V.: lacrimae coactae, uncontrollable, O.: nihil feci nisi coactus, on compulsion: coactus metu.—To conclude: ex quibus id cogitur.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱe?
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱóm
- Proto-Italic*kom
- Proto-Italic*kom-
- Latincōgō
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Latin cōgō From co- + agō (“lead, drive, impel, push”).
Borrowings
- Frenchcoger
- Portuguesecoagir
- Normancogier
Italo-Dalmatian
- Siciliancújere
- Venetancognere
In English words that came into English from cōgō
- squat*coactire
- cogentcōgēns
- coagulatecoāgulātus
- coactcōgō
- coagmentcoagmentare