noun · neuterthird declension
verber
verber n (genitive verberis)
Classical[ˈwɛr.bɛr]Ecclesiastical[ˈvɛr.ber]
Meaning
- neuterpluralplural onlyrarelash, whip, scourge, rod
Post istam veniam quid me fiet nunciam? ― Verberibus caedere multum pendens.
c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 1166–1167Quid faciet mihi?
c. 197 BCE, Plautus, Persa 268–269 - neuterpluralplural onlysingularusuallya thong of a sling or other similar projectile weapons
Coordinate term: nervus
[…] tum gruibus pedicās et rētia pōnere ceruīs aurītōsque sequī leporēs, tum fīgere dammās stuppea torquentem Baleāris uerbera fundae,
c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 1.307–310 - neuterpluralplural onlya stroke with a whip, a lashing, scourging, flogging, beating, etc.
Quid nunc? Si ea domist, si facio, ut eam exire hinc videas domo, dignun es verberibus multis? ― Dignus
c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 341–342tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera.
163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.356 - neuterpluralplural onlypoeticstripes, strokes, blows etc. (e.g., of wind, water, etc.)
Necdum res igni scibant tractare neque uti pellibus et spoliis corpus vestire ferarum, sed nemora atque cavos montis silvasque colebant et frutices inter condebant squalida membra
c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.953–957Acris ubi me natura intendit, sub clara nuda lucerna quaecumque excepit turgentis verbera caudae clunibus aut agitavit equum lasciva supinum, dimittit neque famosum neque sollicitum, ne
c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.7.47–52 - figurativelyneuterpluralplural onlystrokes, blows, lashes (e.g., of fortune, against one's integrity, etc.)
Quam ob rem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas cum insanos atque indomitos impetus volgi cohibere non possit, neque liberi cum inpuris atque inmanibus adversariis decertantem vel contumeliarum verbera subire,[…]
54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 1.9Miserarum est neque amori dare ludum neque dulci mala vino lavere, aut exanimari metuentis
23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.12.1–3
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ictus lōrīverber -eris (n) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 5
ictus flagellīverber -eris (n) — in Aeneis, ch. 15
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | verber | verbera |
| genitive | verberis | verberum |
| dative | verberī | verberibus |
| accusative | verber | verbera |
| ablative | verbere | verberibus |
| vocative | verber | verbera |
verber, ĕris (nom., dat., and
I. acc. sing. do not occur, and the sing. in gen. very rarely; Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 476), n., a lash, whip, scourge, rod (syn.: scutica, flagrum),
I. Lit. (rare; perh. not in Cic., but cf. in II. B.).
(a). Plur.: Tr. Quid me fiet nunc jam? Th. Verberibus caedere, lutum, pendens, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 45:
verberibus caedere, id. Pers. 2, 3, 17; Ter. And. 1, 2, 28: adulescentem nudari jubet verberaque adferri, Liv. 8, 28, 4: verbera saetosa movebat arator, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 25. Verg. A. 5, 147; Quint. Decl. 19, 3.—(b). Sing.:
illi instant verbere torto, Verg. G. 3, 106: Phoebus equos stimuloque domans et verbere Saevit, Ov. M. 2, 399: conscendit equos Gradivus et ictu Verberis increpuit, id. ib. 14, 821: pecora verbere domantur, Sen. Const. 12, 3; of a top: volitans sub verbere turbo, Verg. A. 7, 378.—II. Transf.
A. Concr., a thong of a sling and other similar missile weapons (poet.;
syn. lorum), Verg. G. 1, 309; Sil. 1, 314; Luc. 3, 469.—B. Abstr., a lashing, scourging, flogging, etc. (class.; syn. plaga).
1. Lit.
(a). Plur.:
dignus es verberibus multis, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 71: tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115: mitto vincla, mitto carcerem, mitto verbera, mitto secures, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59: aliquem vinculis ac verberibus atque omni supplicio excruciare, id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11; id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; id. Rep. 1, 38, 59; 2, 37, 62; id. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Tusc. 3, 27, 64; XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6; Quint. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 113; 11, 1, 40; 11, 3, 90; 11, 3, 117; Hor. S. 1, 3, 121: cum positā stares ad verbera veste, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 19: saeva, id. ib. 1, 13, 18: tergum foedum vestigiis verberum, Liv. 2, 23, 7: post verbere, Stat. Th. 2, 143; 2, 172.—b. Of inanim. things, a stripe, stroke, blow (mostly poet.).
(a). Plur.:
turgentis caudae, Hor. S. 2, 7, 49: ventorum, Lucr. 5, 957; 6, 115: radiorum (solis), id. 5, 485; 5, 1104: aquarum, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 288.—Of the strokes of oars: puppis Verberibus senis agitur, Luc. 3, 536; Sil. 11, 493; cf. Ov. H. 18, 23.—(b). Sing.:
remorum in verbere perstant, Ov. M. 3, 662: trementes Verbere ripae, Hor. C. 3, 27, 24: adverso siderum, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 33.—2. Trop., plur., lashes, strokes:
contumeliarum verbera subire, Cic. Rep. 1, 5, 9: verbera linguae, i. e. chidings, Hor. C. 3, 12, 3 (cf.: verberari verbis, convicio, etc., under verbero): fortunae verbera, the strokes of fate, Gell. 13, 27, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
(verber) eris, n
a lash, whip, scourge, rod (in sing. only gen. and abl.): illi instant verbere torto, V.: conscendit equos et ictu Verberis increpuit, O.: Verberibus caedere, T.: adulescentem nudari iubet verberaque adferri, L.: aurigae proni in verbera pendent, i. e. lean forward with the whip, V.—A thong, lash: torquens verbera fundae, V. —A lashing, scourging, flogging: Percutimur ca put conversae verbere virgae, O.: mitto verbera, mitto securīs: verberibus ac tormentis quaestionem habere: tergum foedum vestigiis verberum, L.—A stripe, stroke, blow: remorum in verbere perstant, O.: turgentis caudae, H.: placido dare verbera ponto, the strokes (of oars), O.—Fig., plur, lashes, strokes: contumeliarum verbera subire: patruae verbera linguae, i. e. chidings, H.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *wer(β/b)os, from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-os, from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-. Perhaps related to Lithuanian vir̃bas (“rod, twig, cane”), Proto-Slavic *vьrba (“willow”). According to Adams, the term may derive from the same root *werbʰ- (“to enclose”), whence also Tocharian B wārp- (“to surround”), though Kloekhorst considers the Latin cognates to be semantically distant.