verbsecond conjugation, deponent
tueor
tueor (present infinitive tuērī, perfect active tuitus sum)
Classical[ˈtu.e.ɔr]Ecclesiastical[ˈtuː.e.or]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- deponentto look or gaze at, behold, watch, view
tueri transversa
to look sideways, to squint - deponentto care for, guard, defend, protect, support, compensate or make up for
te amo, tua tueor
I love you and care for youDum spīrāmus tuēbimur.
Whilst we breathe, we shall defend. - deponentto uphold, keep up, maintain, preserve
ad omnes repentinos casus turrim tueri
to protect the tower in all events
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
dēfendō, servōtueor -ērī — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 17 and Metamorphoses I, ch. 3, 16
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Tueri · Defendere
Tueri (from στοχάζεσθαι) supposes only possible danger, as to protect, in opp. to negligere, Cic. Fin. iv. 14; defendere, an actual attack, as to defend, in opp. to deserere. Hence those that are under age have tutores; those that are accused, defensores. The tuens shows more of carefulness and love, as seeking to prevent danger; the defendens, more of spirit and strength, as resisting danger. (iv. 307.)
Videre · Cernere · Spectare · Intueri · Conspicere · Adspicere · Adspectus · Conspectus · Obtutus
1. Videre and cernere denote seeing, as perceiving by the organ of sight; videre (ἰδεῖν) as perception in general, in opp. to an obstruction of the view, like ὁρᾶν; cernere (κρίνειν) especially as a clear perception, in opp. to a transient or dim view; whereas spectare, intueri, tueri, and contueri, denote looking, as the dwelling of the eyes upon an object; spectare means, quietly to fix the eye upon an object that interests the understanding, and dwell upon it as upon a theatrical representation, like θεᾶσθαι; whereas intueri (from στοχάζομαι), to fix the eye upon something that strikes the fancy or soul, as to contemplate, θεωρεῖν. Cic. Fam. vii. 1. Neque nos qui hæc spectavimus, quidquam novi vidimus. 2. Intueri denotes merely to contemplate attentively; contueri, to gaze upon fixedly, keenly, and with eyes widely opened. 3. Conspicere means to descry, that is, to get sight of an object of one’s self, and generally of an unexpected object; whereas adspicere means to look at, that is, to cast one’s eye upon an object, whether consciously or not. 4. Adspectus has an active meaning, as the looking at; conspectus, a passive meaning, as the sight of, that is, the appearance, often also the field of view, sight [as in to be or come in sight]; obtutus has a neutral sense, as the look. Suet. Tib. 43. Ut adspectu deficientes libidines excitaret; comp. with Cal. 9. Tumultuantes conspectu suo flexit; and with Cic. Orat. iii. 5. Qui vultum ejus cum ei dicendum esset, obtutumque oculorum in cogitando probe nosset. (iv. 305.)
Conjugation conjugation 2 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tueor | tuēbar | tuēbor | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | tuēris tuēre | tuēbāris tuēbāre | tuēberis tuēbere | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | tuētur | tuēbātur | tuēbitur | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | tuēmur | tuēbāmur | tuēbimur | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | tuēminī | tuēbāminī | tuēbiminī | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | tuentur | tuēbantur | tuēbuntur | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tuear | tuērer | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | tueāris tueāre | tuērēris tuērēre | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | tueātur | tuērētur | — | — |
| 1st pl. | tueāmur | tuērēmur | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | tueāminī | tuērēminī | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | tueantur | tuērentur | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | tuēre | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | tuēminī | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | tuētor | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | tuētor | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | tuentor | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | tuērī | — |
| perfect infinitive | tuitum esse | — |
| future infinitive | tuitūrum esse | — |
| present participle | tuēns | — |
| perfect participle | tuitus tuita, tuitā, tuitae, tuitam, tuitārum, tuitās, tuite, tuitī, tuitīs, tuitō, tuitōrum, tuitōs | — |
| future participle | tuitūrus tuitūra, tuitūrā, tuitūrae, tuitūram, tuitūrārum, tuitūrās, tuitūre, tuitūrī, tuitūrīs, tuitūrō, tuitūrōrum, tuitūrōs, tuitūrum | tuendus tuenda, tuendā, tuendae, tuendam, tuendārum, tuendās, tuende, tuendīs, tuendōrum, tuendōs |
gerundtuendī, tuendō, tuendumsupinetuitum, tuitū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- rem familiarem tueri
- to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill.
- commoda alicuius tueri
- to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.
- rem publicam tueri, stabilire
- to defend, strengthen the state.
- famam ante collectam tueri, conservare
- to live up to one's reputation.
- dignitatem suam tueri, defendere, retinere, obtinere
- to guard, maintain one's dignity.
- officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
- to do one's duty.
tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 (
I. perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:
tuĕris, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82: tuimur, Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449; 6, 934: tuamur, id. 4, 361: tuantur, id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.); alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam, Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly, I. To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:
e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur, Lucr. 4, 312: ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur, id. 4, 434: caeli templa, id. 6, 1228 al.: tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc., Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713: talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur, id. ib. 4, 362: transversa tuentibus hircis, id. E. 3, 8: acerba tuens, looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794: torva, id. ib. 6, 467.— (b). With object-clause:
quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc., Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—II. Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:
curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne ... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12: ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140: omnia, id. N. D. 2, 23, 60: mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2: societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque, id. Fin. 5, 23, 65: concordiam, id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1: dignitatem, id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48: L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur, id. Brut. 20, 80: personam in re publicā, id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1: tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis, Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41: aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam, to keep in good order, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1: Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum, id. Ep. 6, 29, 10: libertatem, Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60: se, vitam corpusque tueri, to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11: antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest, id. Deiot. 8, 22: se ac suos tueri, Liv. 5, 4, 5: sex legiones (re suā), Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45: armentum paleis, Col. 6, 3, 3: se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere, to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.: tuemini castra et defendite diligenter, Caes. B. C. 3, 94: suos fines, id. B. G. 4, 8: portus, id. ib. 5, 8: oppidum unius legionis praesidio, id. B. C. 2, 23: oram maritimam, id. ib. 3, 34: impedimenta, to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.: fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis, Cic. Deiot. 8, 22: domum a furibus, Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra: quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam, Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11: liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus: tueri se adversus Romanos, Liv. 25, 11, 7: nostra adversus vim atque injuriam, id. 7, 31, 3: adversus Philippum tueri Athenas, id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6: arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri, Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.: Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur, Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus): Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt, Sall. J. 74, 3.!*? 1. Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:
censores vectigalia tuento, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7: ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS, Inscr. Orell. 4788.—2. tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:
majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361: consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi, Dig. 27, 10, 7: voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur, ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear). A. Lit.
(a). Absol.:
nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta ... contra tuam cupiditatem, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39: cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur, Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.: me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret, Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368: tutus bos rura perambulat, Hor. C. 4, 5, 17: quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset? Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31: mare tutum praestare, id. Fl. 13, 31: sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam, Hirt. B. G. 8, 54: nemus, Hor. C. 1, 17, 5: via fugae, Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.: commodior ac tutior receptus, Caes. B. C. 1, 46: perfugium, Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8: tutum iter et patens, Hor. C. 3, 16, 7: tutissima custodia, Liv. 31, 23, 9: praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum, Lucr. 5, 874: vitam consistere tutam, id. 6, 11: tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25: tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā! id. S. 1, 2, 47: non est tua tuta voluntas, not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53: in audaces non est audacia tuta, id. ib. 10, 544: externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus, Curt. 6, 7, 1: vel tutioris audentiae est, Quint. 12, prooem. § 4: cogitatio tutior, id. 10, 7, 19: fuit brevitas illa tutissima, id. 10, 1, 39: regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni, i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).—Poet., with gen.: (pars ratium) tuta fugae, Luc. 9, 346.—(b). With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:
ab insidiis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 117: a periculo, Caes. B. G. 7, 14: ab hoste, Ov. H. 11, 44: ab hospite, id. M. 1, 144: a conjuge, id. ib. 8, 316: a ferro, id. ib. 13, 498: a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā, Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—(g). With ad and acc.:
turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit, Caes. B. C. 3, 39: ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines, Liv. 25, 38, 14: testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse, id. 36, 32, 6.— (d). With adversus:
adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere, Cels. 5, 23, 3: quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum, Curt. 7, 9, 2: loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est, Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1: per quem tutior adversus casus steti, Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2: quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat, Just. 10, 1, 7.—(ε) With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—b. Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:
si dicere palam parum tutum est, Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33: o nullis tutum credere blanditiis, Prop. 1, 15, 42: tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri, Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48: nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi, id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—2. As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:
tuta et parvula laudo, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42: trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur, Ov. M. 10, 714: in tuto ut collocetur, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11: esse in tuto, id. ib. 4, 3, 30: ut sitis in tuto, Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3: in tutum eduxi manipulares meos, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7: in tutum receptus est, Liv. 2, 19, 6.—B. Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;
syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae, Hor. A. P. 28: tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus, id. ib. 266: non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas, Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36: id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum, Liv. 22, 38, 13: celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus, id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger. a. Posit.
(a). Form tute (very rare):
crede huic tute, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102: eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat, Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9: tute cauteque agere, id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—(b). Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):
pervenire, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179: dimicare, Caes. B. G. 3, 24: tuto et libere decernere, id. B. C. 1, 2: ut tuto sim, in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3: ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent, Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —b. Comp.:
ut in vadis consisterent tutius, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: tutius et facilius receptus daretur, id. B. C. 2, 30: tutius ac facilius id tractatur, Quint. 5, 5, 1: usitatis tutius utimur, id. 1, 5, 71: ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem, Sall. J. 14, 11.—c. Sup.
(a). Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
(b). Form tutissimo:
quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem, Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.: tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor, Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
tueor tūtus, ērī, dep.,
to look at, gaze upon, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine: tuendo Terribilīs oculos, voltum, etc., V.: Talia dicentem iam dudum aversa tuetur, V.—Fig., to keep in mind, regard: quod ego tuebar ac si usus essem. —To look to, care for, watch over, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect: id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse: eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praeesse: personam in re p.: simulacrum pristinae dignitatis: aedem Castoris habuere tuendam, to maintain: Servilio media pugna tuenda data, L.: copias: castra, Cs.: oram maritimam, Cs.: finīs ab excursionibus: A furibus domum, Ph.: alquos contra illius audaciam: se adversus Romanos, L.: turris tuenda ad omnīs repentinos casūs, Cs.: Numidas in proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt, S.
Origins
Uncertain. De Vaan and Rix both postulate a root of the shape *tewH-. However, De Vaan suggests that the original meaning of the term was "to protect," which evolved into the meaning "to look." If this theory is accepted, then a connection with the root *tewh₂- (“to be strong”) becomes tenable. In either case, according to De Vaan, the term may derive from a Proto-Indo-European causative *towH-éye- or *towh₂-éye-. This verb would become Proto-Italic *tawe-, which may have developed into tueor via the reintroduction of -ow-. Alternatively, De Vaan postulates that *tetówh₂e, the stative form of the root *tewh₂-, could have produced the Latin verb via the same reintroduction of -ow-. Rix alternatively postulates an original Proto-Indo-European verb *tuH(h₁)yéti, which he considers to be a possible source of the Latin verb. Mallory suggests a possible derivation from a root of the shape *tew- (“to look upon favorably”). Compare typologically Russian пригля́дывать (prigljádyvatʹ) (< гляде́ть (gljadétʹ)), присма́тривать (prismátrivatʹ) (< смотре́ть (smotrétʹ)), призре́ть (prizrétʹ) (akin to взор (vzor)).
In English words that came into English from tueor
- tutortūtor
- tutorialtūtor
- tuitiontuitiō
- intuitiveintuitivus
- intuitionintuitiō
- tulleTūtēla
- tutelagetūtēla
- tutelarytūtēlārius
- tutrixtūtrīx
- tutelartūtelāris