verbthird conjugation
tendō1
tendō (present infinitive tendere, perfect active tetendī, supine tentum or tēnsum)
Classical[ˈtɛn.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈtɛn.do]
№ 529 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to stretch, stretch out, distend, extend
- to direct oneself or one's course; to aim, strive, go, travel, march, tend, bend one's course in any direction
“Per variōs cāsūs, per tot discrīmina rērum, tendimus in Latium, sēdēs ubi fāta quiētās
“Through varied misfortunes, through so many hazards of circumstances, we aim our course into Latium, where the Fates reveal [to us a] peaceful homeland; there it is divine will that the kingdom of Troy shall rise again.”29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.204–206 - to go, proceed, extend, stretch
- to aim, strive, be directed or inclined, to tend in any direction
- to exert oneself, to strive, endeavor
Ille (Laocoon) simul manibus tendit divellere nodos, [...]
He (Laocoon) immediately endeavoured to loosen the knots fettering him with his hands, …29-19 BC, Virgil, Aeneid, volume II.220v: - to exert oneself in opposition, to strive, try, endeavor, contend
- to set up tents, to be under tents, be encamped, to encamp
- to speak to somebody
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ad locum īre volō: Rōmam tendimus; etiam manūs tendimus.tendō -ere tetendī — in Mille Verba, ch. Via et Iter
eō, dīrigortendō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 21
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tendō | tendēbam | tendam | tetendī | tetenderam | tetenderō |
| 2nd sg. | tendis | tendēbās | tendēs | tetendistī | tetenderās | tetenderis |
| 3rd sg. | tendit | tendēbat | tendet | tetendit | tetenderat | tetenderit |
| 1st pl. | tendimus | tendēbāmus | tendēmus | tetendimus | tetenderāmus | tetenderimus |
| 2nd pl. | tenditis | tendēbātis | tendētis | tetendistis | tetenderātis | tetenderitis |
| 3rd pl. | tendunt | tendēbant | tendent | tetendērunt tetendēre | tetenderant | tetenderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tendam | tenderem | tetenderim | tetendissem |
| 2nd sg. | tendās | tenderēs | tetenderīs | tetendissēs |
| 3rd sg. | tendat | tenderet | tetenderit | tetendisset |
| 1st pl. | tendāmus | tenderēmus | tetenderīmus | tetendissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | tendātis | tenderētis | tetenderītis | tetendissētis |
| 3rd pl. | tendant | tenderent | tetenderint | tetendissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tendor | tendēbar | tendar |
| 2nd sg. | tenderis tendere | tendēbāris tendēbāre | tendēris tendēre |
| 3rd sg. | tenditur | tendēbātur | tendētur |
| 1st pl. | tendimur | tendēbāmur | tendēmur |
| 2nd pl. | tendiminī | tendēbāminī | tendēminī |
| 3rd pl. | tenduntur | tendēbantur | tendentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | tendar | tenderer |
| 2nd sg. | tendāris tendāre | tenderēris tenderēre |
| 3rd sg. | tendātur | tenderētur |
| 1st pl. | tendāmur | tenderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | tendāminī | tenderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | tendantur | tenderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | tende | tendere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | tendite | tendiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | tenditō | tenditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | tenditō | tenditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | tenditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | tenduntō | tenduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | tendere | tendī |
| perfect infinitive | tetendisse | tentum esse tēnsum esse |
| future infinitive | tentūrum esse tēnsūrum esse | tentum īrī tēnsum īrī |
| present participle | tendēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | tentus tēnsus, tenta, tentā, tentae, tentam, tentārum, tentās, tente, tentī, tentīs, tentō, tentōrum, tentōs |
| future participle | tentūrus tēnsūrus, tentūra, tentūrā, tentūrae, tentūram, tentūrārum, tentūrās, tentūre, tentūrī, tentūrīs, tentūrō, tentūrōrum, tentūrōs, tentūrum | tendendus tendundus, tendenda, tendendā, tendendae, tendendam, tendendārum, tendendās, tendende, tendendīs, tendendōrum, tendendōs |
gerundtendendī, tendendō, tendendumsupinetentum, tentū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- quo tendis?
- where are you going?
- tendere aliquo
- to journey towards a place.
- (supinas) manus ad caelum tendere
- to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer).
- insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
- to waylay a person.
tendo (tenno), tĕtendi, tentum and tensum, 3, v. a. and n. root ten-, tan, v. teneo; cf. Gr. τείνω.
I. Act., to stretch, stretch out, distend, extend, etc. (class.; cf.: extendo, explico).
A. Lit.
1. In gen.:
suntne igitur insidiae, tendere plagas? Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68: plagam, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.: quia non rete accipitri tennitur, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 16 sq.; cf.: retia (alicui), Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 20; Hor. Epod. 2, 33; Ov. M. 4, 513; 7, 701; 8, 331 al.: casses alicui, Tib. 1, 6, 5: intumescit collum, nervi tenduntur, Col. 6, 14, 4: chordam, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55: arcum, to bend, Verg. A. 7, 164; Hor. C. 2, 10, 20; Ov. M. 2, 604; 5, 55; 5, 63; Stat. S. 3, 1, 51.—Hence, poet. transf.: sagittas Arcu, to shoot, hurl, Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; cf.: spicula cornu, Verg. A. 9, 606: pariterque oculos telumque, id. ib. 5, 508: barbiton, to tune, Hor. C. 1, 1, 34; cf.: tympana tenta tonant palmis, Lucr. 2, 618: validā lora manu, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 72: vela (Noti), to swell, Verg. A. 3, 268: praecipiti carbasa tenta Noto, Ov. H. 10, 30: praetorium, to stretch out, pitch, Caes. B. C. 3, 82: pelles in ordine tentae, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 30: conopia, Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 45: grabatos restibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 29: cubilia, Hor. Epod. 12, 12: manus ad caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.); so, manus ad caelum, Caes. B. C. 2, 5; Verg. A. 3, 176: bracchia ad caelum, Ov. M. 6, 279; 9, 293; for which: bracchia caelo, id. ib. 2, 580; 9, 210: ad legatos atque exercitum supplices manus tendunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 12; so, manus ad aliquem, id. B. G. 2, 13: ad sidera palmas, Verg. A. 1, 93: super aequora palmas, Ov. M. 8, 849: ad aliquem orantia bracchia, id. P. 2, 9, 65: manus supplices dis immortalibus, Cic. Font. 17, 48; cf.: vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis, id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; so, manus alicui, Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Ov. M. 3, 723; id. H. 10, 146: manus supinas, Liv. 3, 50, 5: manus ripae ulterioris amore, Verg. A. 6, 314; cf. also: Graecia tendit dexteram Italiae, stretches forth, reaches, Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9; id. Prov. Cons. 4, 9: (conjux) parvum patri tendebat Iulum, reaches out, Verg. A. 2, 674: tu munera supplex Tende, petens pacem, id. G. 4, 535: quo tendant ferrum, aim, direct, id. A. 5, 489: qua nunc se ponti plaga caerula tendit, stretches itself out, extends, Lucr. 5, 481. —2. In partic.:
nervum tendere, in mal. part., Auct. Priap. 70; cf. Mart. 11, 60, 3.—Hence, tentus, a lecherous man, Mart. 11, 73, 3; Auct. Priap. 20; 27; 34 al.; and tenta, ōrum, n., = membrum virile, Cat. 80, 6.—B. Trop.: insidiae tenduntur alicui, are spread out, laid (qs. like nets), Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46:
insidias alicui, Sall. C. 27, 2; Suet. Caes. 35: omnes insidias animis, Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: animum vigilem, to strain, exert, Stat. Achill. 1, 543: longo tendit praecordia voto, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Ol. 66; cf.: sunt quibus in Satirā videor nimis acer et ultra Legem tendere opus, i. e. to heighten, aggravate, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2: aestivam sermone benigno noctem, to protract, extend, id. Ep. 1, 5, 11: (lunam) Tanto posse minus cum Signis tendere cursum, to direct, Lucr. 5, 631: cursum ex acie in Capitolia, Sil. 9, 216: cursum ad agmina suorum, id. 10, 73: iter ad naves, Verg. A. 1, 656: iter pennis, id. ib. 6, 240: ad dominum iter, Ov. M. 2, 547: cursum unde et quo, Liv. 23, 34, 5: iter in Hispaniam, Auct. B. Afr. 95: cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens, tendering, offering, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184.—II. Neutr.
A. To direct one's self or one's course; to aim, strive, go, travel, march, tend, bend one's course in any direction (class.).
1. Lit.:
dubito an Venusiam tendam, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3: Beneventum, Hor. S. 1, 5, 71: cursuque amens ad limina tendit, Verg. A. 2, 321: ad castra, Liv. 9, 37: in castra, id. 10, 36: ad aedes, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 89: ad domum Bruti et Cassii, Suet. Caes. 85: ad portus, Ov. M. 15, 690: Ciconum ad oras, id. ib. 10, 3: ad metam, id. ib. 15, 453; cf.: cum alter ad alterum tenderemus, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9: unde venis? et Quo tendis? Hor. S. 1, 9, 63; id. Ep. 1, 15, 11; id. C. 3, 3, 70: quo tendere pergunt, Verg. A. 6, 198; Nep. Milt. 1, 6: tendimus huc (sc. in Orcum) omnes, Ov. M. 10, 34 et saep. — b. Of things concrete or abstract, to go, proceed, extend, stretch, etc.:
in quem locum quaeque (imago) tendat, Lucr. 4, 179: levibus in sublime tendentibus, Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11: sursum tendit palmes, Col. 5, 6, 28: simulacra viis derectis omnia tendunt, Lucr. 4, 609.—Poet., with acc. of direction: tunc aethera tendit, Luc. 7, 477: dextera (via), quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, Verg. A. 6, 541: gula tendit ad stomachum, is ad ventrem, reaches, extends, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 176: Taurus mons ad occasum tendens, id. 5, 27, 27, § 97; so id. 5, 5, 5, § 35; 16, 30, 53, § 122; cf.: Portae Caspiae, quae per Iberiam in Sarmatas tendunt, id. 6, 13, 15, § 40: seu mollis quā tendit Ionia, Prop. 1, 6, 31.—2. Trop.
a. In gen., to aim, strive, be directed or inclined, to tend in any direction:
ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4; cf.: ad altiora et non concessa tendere, Liv. 4, 13, 4: ad majora, Quint. 2, 4, 20; 12, 2, 27: ad eloquium, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17: ad suum, Liv. 4, 9, 5; cf.: ad Carthaginienses, id. 24, 5, 8: cum alii alio tenderent, id. 24, 28, 1: in diversum sententiae tendebant, id. 36, 10, 7: tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor, tend, look, = spectent, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 81; Hor. S. 2, 7, 21. — (b). To exert one's self, to strive, endeavor (mostly poet.); with inf.:
(Laocoon) manibus tendit divellere nodos, Verg. A. 2, 220: pasta (nitedula) rursus Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: captae civitati leges imponere, Liv. 6, 38, 7; 24, 35; 10, 1: quod efficere tendimus, Quint. 9, 1, 21: fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo, Hor. C. 3, 4, 51: tendit disertus haberi, id. Ep. 1, 19, 16: aqua tendit rumpere plumbum, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; Pers. 5, 139; Juv. 10, 154. — Absol.: miles tendere, inde ad jurgium, insists, persists, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 12. — b. In partic., to exert one's self in opposition, to strive, try, endeavor, contend (class. but not freq. till the Aug. per.):
nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus, Verg. A. 5, 21; cf.: nec mora nec requies; vasto certamine tendunt, id. ib. 12, 553: Petreius ubi videt Catilinam contra ac ratus erat magnā vi tendere, Sall. C. 60, 5; cf.: summā vi, Liv. 32, 32, 7 Drak.: adversus, etc., id. 34, 34, 1: contra, id. 35, 51, 6: ultra, id. 24, 31, 4: acrius, Tac. A. 2, 74; cf.: acrius contra, ut, etc., Liv. 3, 15, 2; so with ut, id. 4, 7, 8; with ne, id. 4, 8, 6: quid tendit? cum efficere non possit, ut, etc., what does he strive for? to what do his efforts tend? Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16; cf.: nihil illi tendere contra, Verg. A. 9, 377. —B. For tentoria tendere, to set up tents, to be under tents, be encamped, to encamp:
qui sub vallo tenderent mercatores, Caes. B. G. 6, 37; cf.: omnibus extra vallum jussis tendere, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 18: vallo tendetis in illo, Luc. 7, 328: hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles, Verg. A. 2, 29: legio latis tendebat in arvis, id. ib. 8, 605: isdem castris, Liv. 44, 13, 12; 27, 46; 44, 5; Suet. Galb. 12; 19; cf.: isdem hibernis tendentes, Tac. H. 1, 55: Lugduni tendentes, id. ib. 1, 59: cum multitudo laxius tenderet, Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6; 7, 2, 37: tendere in campis, id. 10, 7, 20. — Hence, tensus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, drawn tight, strained, tense (rare): rectissima linea tensa, Quint. 3, 6, 83: collum, id. 11, 3, 82; cf.: remissis magis quam tensis (digitis), id. 11, 3, 99: vox tensior (opp. remissior), id. 11, 3, 42: lacerti, Luc. 7, 469: rudentes, id. 2, 683: frons, Lucr. 6, 1195: tormento citharāque tensior, Auct. Priap. 6 and 70.—Sup. and adv. do not occur.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
tendō (old also tennō) tetendī, tentus, or (late) tēnsus, ere
2 TA-, to stretch, make tense, stretch out, spread out, distend, extend : plagas: quia non rete accipitri tennitur, T.: retia cervis, O.: arcum, keep bent , H.: tendere doctior arcūs, O.: vela, swell , V.: cubilia, spread , H.: tenta ubera, distended , H.—Of tents, to spread out, pitch, erect : praetorium, Cs.— To stretch out, present, offer, reach, extend : manūs ad templa: bracchia caelo, O.: ad legatos supplices manūs, Cs.: vobis manūs: supinas manūs, L.: dexteram Italiae, reaches : civibus lucem ingeni sui, to tender : patri Iulum, hold out , V.— To aim, direct, shoot, drive : Quo tendant ferrum, V.: sagittas Arcu, H.: spicula cornu, V. — To string, tune : barbiton, H.—Fig., to lay, contrive, devise : insidiae tenduntur alicui, are laid.— To press, strain : ultra Legem tendere opus, i. e. press to extravagance , H.: Aestivam sermone benigno noctem, protract , H.—Of a way or course, to direct, pursue, turn, wend : iter ad naves, V.: unde et quo cursum, L.— To direct oneself, hold a course, aim, strive, go, move, march, drive, tend, bend : Venusiam: cursuque amens ad limina tendit, V.: ad castra, L.: unde venis? et Quo tendis? H.— To extend, stretch, reach : (via), quae sub moenia tendit, V.— To set up tents, be under tents, be encamped, encamp : sub vallo, Cs.: legio latis tendebat in arvis, V.: in angusto, L.: laxius, Cu.— Fig., to aim, strive, be directed, be inclined, tend : ad reliqua alacri animo: ad altiora, L.: ad eloquium, O.: cum alii alio tenderent, L.: Non dices, quorsum haec tendant, tend , H.— To be persistent, make exertion, exert oneself, strive, endeavor, contend, struggle : miles tendere inde ad iurgium, persists , T.: vasto certamine tendunt, V.: videt Catilinam magnā vi tendere, S.: patres, adversus quos tenderet, L.: senatu minus in praeturā tendente, making less opposition in the case of the praetorship , L.: quid tendit? cum efficere non possit, ut, etc., what does he strive for? : nihil illi tendere contra, V.: manibus tendit divellere nodos, V.: Ire foras tendebat frustra, H.: captae civitati leges imponere, L.: aqua tendit rumpere plumbum, H.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ten-
- Proto-Indo-European*tend-
- Proto-Indo-European*téndeti
- Proto-Italic*tendō
- Latintendō
From Proto-Italic *tendō, from Proto-Indo-European *ténd-e-ti, thematic root present of *tend-, d-extension of *ten- (“to stretch, draw”). Sihler traces the /d/ back to the ordinary present suffix -ye in position after *n (cf. offendō, dēfendō from *gʷʰen-ye-). Cognates include Ancient Greek τείνω (teínō), Sanskrit तनोति (tanóti) and Old English þennan. The perfect stem, tetend-, is a combination of the present stem tend- and the Proto-Italic perfect stem teton-.
Descendants
- Catalantendir
- Englishtend
- Englishtent
- Englishtense
- Frenchtendre
- Italiantendere
- Occitanténder
- Occitantendre
- Portuguesetender
- Romaniantinde
In English words that came into English from tendō
- tent*tenta
- intendintendo
- intentionintentio
- extendextendō
- tendontendō
- tensiontensio
- pretendpraetendo
- attentionattentio
- attendattendō
- extentextendere
- tensetēnsus
- tendencytendentia
- intenseintēnsus
- tendtendere
- pretensepraetēnsus
- tensortensor
- tempttempto
- pretentiouspraetēnsus
- contendcontendere
- intensiveintēnsīvus
- portendportendere
- contentioncontentio
- distenddistendō
- portentousportentōsus