noun · femininefirst declension
summa
summa f (genitive summae)
Classical[ˈsʊm.ma]Ecclesiastical[ˈsum.ma]
Meaning
- femininetop, summit, highest point or place
- femininethe principal or main thing
- alsofemininesum, summary, total
- Medieval Latinfemininethe quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti
A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
id quod omnia complectitursumma -ae (f) — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 5
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | summa | summae |
| genitive | summae | summārum |
| dative | summae | summīs |
| accusative | summam | summās |
| ablative | summā | summīs |
| vocative | summa | summae |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- summa pax
- deep peace.
- summa aqua
- the surface of the water.
- summa aestate, hieme
- in the height of summer, depth of winter.
- res summas attingere
- to dwell only on the main points.
- summa gloria florere
- to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence.
- imperii summae praeesse
- to be commander-in-chief.
- summam facere alicuius rei
- to compute the total of anything.
- dignitas est summa in aliquo
- to be in a dignified position.
21 more phrases
- ad summam senectutem pervenire
- to live to a very great age.
- summa dignitate praeditum esse
- to be in a dignified position.
- ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
- to attain to the highest eminence.
- ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
- to sum up...
- deum rite (summa religione) colere
- to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly).
- imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
- to be commander-in-chief.
- summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
- the command-in-chief.
- in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
- to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar.
- imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
- to confer supreme power on a person.
- summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
- to stand in very intimate relations to some one.
- summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
- the welfare of the state.
- gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
- to become famous, distinguish oneself.
- aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
- to elevate to the highest dignity.
- ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
- to be reduced to (abject) poverty.
- (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
- to praise, extol, commend a person.
- in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
- to be in severe pecuniary straits.
- ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
- to be plunged into the depths of despair.
- summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
- the learned men are most unanimous in...
- aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
- to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch.
- imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
- to appoint some one commander-in-chief.
- artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
- to be bound by the closest ties of friendship.
summa, ae, f. (sc. res; old
I. gen. summai, Lucr. 1, 984; 6, 679) [summus, v. superus].
I. Lit., that which is highest in any thing, the top, summit, surface (postAug. and very rare):
testudines evectae in summā pelagi, Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 35 (cf. summus, I. s. v. superus).—II. Transf., that which is most important or prominent in any thing, the main thing, chief point, principal matter; the sum, height, substance, summit, completion, perfection
A. In gen.:
leges a me edentur non perfectae ... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae, the main points, chief particulars, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18: cujus rei satis erit summam dixisse, id. Inv. 1, 20, 28: ex hac infinitā licentiā haec summa cogitur, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 43, 67: lectis rerum summis, Liv. 40, 29, 11: haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto, Verg. A. 4, 237: summa est, si curaveris, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 2: in hoc summa judicii causaque tota consistit, id. Quint. 9, 32: eam ignominiam ad summam universi belli pertinere ratus, to the issue of the whole war, Liv. 32, 17, 3; cf.: haec belli summa nefandi, Verg. A. 12, 572: solus summam habet hic apud nos, the first place, pre-eminence, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 15: qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15: summam alicui rei dare, perfection, culmination, Quint. 3, 2, 1: 5, 10, 72; 11, 2, 41; 12, 1, 20: remittendo de summā quisque juris. strict or extreme right, Liv. 4, 43, 11.—B. In partic.
1. Of a reckoning of numbers, the amount, the sum, sum total, including each of the single items, as if counted: quid, tu, inquam, soles, cum rationem a dispensatore accipis, si aera singula probasti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 193, 11:
addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat, id. Off. 1, 18, 59: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem milia, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 46: equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato, Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39: subducamus summam, id. Att. 5, 21, 11: summam facere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131.— 2. Of money, a sum, amount.
(a). With pecuniae:
pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit, Liv. 30, 16, 12: pecuniae etiam par prope summa fuit, id. 33, 23, 9: summa pecuniae signatae fuit talentūm duo milia et sexcenta, Curt. 3, 13, 16: accessit ad hanc pecuniae summam sex milia talantum, id. 5, 6, 10: pecuniae summa homines movit, Liv. 22, 61, 1; 38, 11, 8; 40, 46, 16; 42, 62, 14; cf.: census equestrem Summam nummorum, Hor. A. P. 384: ob parvam pecuniae summam erogatam, Val. Max. 4, 8, 1.—(b). Without pecuniae:
de summā nihil decedet, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30: hac summā redempti, Liv. 32, 17, 2; 22, 61, 2: Marcellus decem pondo auri et argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit, id. 45, 4, 1: quācumque summā tradet luxuriae domum, Phaedr. 4, 4, 44; creditor totius summae, Quint. 5, 10, 117: actor summarum, Suet. Dom. 11.—3. Without reference to a count, the sum, the whole:
de summā mali detrahere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 55: summa cogitationum mearum omnium, id. Fam. 1, 9, 10: meorum maerorum atque amorum summam edictavi tibi, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 2: ergo ex hac infinita licentiā haec summa cogitur, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67: proposita vitae ejus velut summa, Suet. Aug. 9: vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam, Hor. C. 1, 4, 15: summarum summa est aeterna, the sum of all sums, the sum of all things, i. e. the universe, Lucr. 5, 361; so, summa summarum, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 40, 13; and: summa summaï, Lucr 6, 679. — 4. Adverb.
(a). Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word:
ille affirmabat ... ad summam: non posse istaec sic abire, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 1; so, ad summam, id. ib. 7, 7, 7; id. Off. 1, 42, 149; id. Fam. 14, 14, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106, Juv. 3, 79.—(b). In summā, in all:
Drusus erat de praevaricatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summā quattuor sententiis, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; 2, 11, 25: in omni summā, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 —(g). In summā, at last, finally (post-Aug.):
diu colluctatus est: in summā victus occumbit, Just. 13, 8, 8; 22, 1, 8; 37, 1, 8.—C. Transf., the whole (opp. a part):
magnam res diligentiam requirebat, non in summā exercitus tuenda, sed in singulis militibus conservandis, Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf.: summa exercitus salva, the main body of the army, id. B. C. 1, 67: solet quaedam esse partium brevitas, quae longam tamen efficit summam, Quint. 4, 2, 41: quaedam partibus blandiuntur, sed in summam non consentiunt, id. 4, 2, 90.—2. That which relates to the whole, as opp. to a part; with gen., the general, supreme:
(Remi dicebant) ad hunc (regem) totius belli summam omnium voluntate deferri, the command in chief, Caes. B. G. 2, 4: neque de summā belli suum judicium sed imperatoris esse, id. ib. 1, 41: cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus, authority over all affairs, the supreme power, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42: is, qui summam rerum administrabat, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91: ad te summa solum, Phormio, rerum redit, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3: ad summam rerum consulere, for the general interest, Caes. B. C. 3, 51: ad discrimen summa rerum adducta, to a general engagement, Liv. 10, 27: discrimen summae rerum, id. 10, 14: quos penes summam consilii voluit esse, cum imperii summam rex teneret, the sole command, Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 51; cf.: qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt, id. Cat. 4, 7, 15: imperii, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; id. B. C. 3, 5: quod penes eos (Bituriges), si id oppidum retinuissent, summam victoriae constare intellegebant, the whole credit of the victory, id. B. G. 7, 21; so, victoriae, id. B. C. 1, 82.—Poet.: summa ducum, Atri des, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
summa ae, f
summus; sc. res, the top, summit ; hence, fig., the chief place, highest rank, leadership, supremacy : vobis summam ordinis concedere: summam imperi tenere, the supreme power , Cs.: ad te summa solum rerum redit, T.: totius belli, the command in chief , Cs.— The main thing, chief point, principal matter, sum, essence, substance : leges non perfectae . . . sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae, the main points : lectis rerum summis, L.: haec summa est; hic nostri nuntius esto, V.: summa est, si curaris, ut, etc.: universi belli, the main issue of the war , L.: ad summam rerum consulere, for the general welfare , Cs.: ad discrimen summā rerum adductā, to a general engagement , L.: remittendo de summā quisque iuris, extreme right , L.: summa ducum Atrides, the flower of leaders , O.— An amount, sum, aggregate, whole, quantity : de summā mali detrahere: summa cogitationum mearum omnium: summa exercitūs salva, the main body of the army , Cs.—In reckoning, the amount, sum, total, aggregate : addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat: subducamus summam.—Of money, a sum, amount : pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit, L.: pecuniae summa homines movit, L.—With ellips . of pecuniae : De summā nihil decedet, T.: hac summā redempti, L.—In the phrase, ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word : ille adfirmabat . . . ad summam; non posse istaec sic abire: Ad summam; sapiens, etc., to sum up , H.—In the phrase, in summā, in all, in fine : absolutus, in summā, quattuor sententiis: in omni summā.
Origins
From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).
Borrowings
- Catalansuma
- Englishsumma
- GermanSumme
- GermanSumma
- Frenchsommefrom Old French somme
- Frenchsomméfrom Old French somme
- Englishsumfrom Old French somme
- Romaniansumăfrom Old Polish suma
- Spanishsuma
- Albanianshumë
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniansumă
- Romaniansomă
- Aromaniansumã
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesesomafrom Old Galician-Portuguese soma
- Spanishsoma
- Asturiansoma
- Galiciansomafrom Old Galician-Portuguese soma
Italo-Romance
- Italiansomma
- Siciliansuma
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliansume