verbsecond conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
squāleō
squāleō (present infinitive squālēre, perfect active squāluī)
Classical[ˈskʷaː.ɫe.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈskʷaː.le.o]
squālēns pres. act. ptcp.
Meaning
- to be stiff or rough (with)
- to be dry or parched; to be barren
- to be rough from lack of care; to be filthy, unkempt, neglected or squalid
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
dēsertus, incultussquālēns -entis — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 6
sordidus et trīstis sumsquāleō -ēre — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 23
horridus, incultussquālēns -entis — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 10
Conjugation conjugation 2 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | squāleō | squālēbam | squālēbō | squāluī | squālueram | squāluerō |
| 2nd sg. | squālēs | squālēbās | squālēbis | squāluistī | squāluerās | squālueris |
| 3rd sg. | squālet | squālēbat | squālēbit | squāluit | squāluerat | squāluerit |
| 1st pl. | squālēmus | squālēbāmus | squālēbimus | squāluimus | squāluerāmus | squāluerimus |
| 2nd pl. | squālētis | squālēbātis | squālēbitis | squāluistis | squāluerātis | squālueritis |
| 3rd pl. | squālent | squālēbant | squālēbunt | squāluērunt squāluēre | squāluerant | squāluerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | squāleam | squālērem | squāluerim | squāluissem |
| 2nd sg. | squāleās | squālērēs | squāluerīs | squāluissēs |
| 3rd sg. | squāleat | squālēret | squāluerit | squāluisset |
| 1st pl. | squāleāmus | squālērēmus | squāluerīmus | squāluissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | squāleātis | squālērētis | squāluerītis | squāluissētis |
| 3rd pl. | squāleant | squālērent | squāluerint | squāluissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | squālē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | squālēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | squālētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | squālētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | squālētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | squālentō | — |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | squālēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | squāluisse | — |
| present participle | squālēns | — |
gerundsquālendī, squālendō, squālendum
squālĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n. squalor,
I. to be stiff or rough with any thing, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. sordeo).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
squalentes infode conchas, i. e. rough, Verg. G. 2, 348: per tunicam squalentem auro, id. A. 10, 314; cf.: auro squalens lorica, id. ib. 12, 87: maculis auro squalentibus, id. G. 4, 91; Sil. 2, 585: picti squalentia terga lacerti, Verg. G. 4, 13: squalentia tela venenis, Ov. F. 5, 397.—B. In partic.
1. To be stiff or rough from dryness or drought, to be dry, parched:
squalebant pulvere fauces, Luc. 9, 503: oraque projecta squalent arentia linguā, id. 4, 755: tellus squalet, Sil. 14, 592.—Hence, (b). Of lands, etc., to be desert, untilled, waste:
squalentes campi, Sil. 3, 655; 4, 376: squalens litus, Tac. A. 15, 42: squalentia arva Libyes, Luc. 1, 205; 5, 39: sterilis profundi vastitas squalet soli, Sen. Herc. Fur. 697.— 2. To be stiff or rough from slovenliness or want of care; to be filthy, neglected, squalid:
squalenti Dido comā, Ov. F. 3, 640: squalens barba, Verg. A. 2, 277: crines squalent a pulvere effuso, Sil. 2, 452: barba cruore, id. 10, 512: vestes squalentes atro pulvere, Luc. 8, 37: neque ego arma squalere situ ac rubigine velim, sed fulgorem inesse, Quint. 10, 1, 30; Gell. 9, 4, 2: mihi supellex squalet atque aedes meae, Plaut. Pers. 4, 8, 2: invidiae nigro squalentia tabo Tecta petit, Ov. M. 2, 760; cf. id. ib. 15, 627: squalent abductis arva colonis, lie untilled, Verg. G. 1, 507; cf. 1. β, supra.—II. Transf., to mourn in filthy or squalid garments (cf. sordes and sordidatus;
in Cic. only so): erat in luctu senatus: squalebat civitas publico consilio mutatā veste, Cic. Sest. 14, 32: luget senatus, maeret equester ordo, tota civitas confecta senio est, squalent municipia, afflictantur coloniae, id. Mil. 8, 20. —P. a. as subst.: squālĕntĭa, ōrum, n., deserts, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 52.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
squāleō uī, —, ēre
squalus; 2 CAL-, to be stiff, be rigid, be rough : squalentes infode conchas, i. e. rough , V.: auro squalens lorica, V.: maculis auro squalentibus, V.: squalentia tela venenis, O.— To be filthy, be neglected, be squalid, lie waste : Squalenti Dido comā, O.: Squalens barba, V.: squalebant corpora morbo, O.: squalent abductis arva colonis, lie untilled , V.: squalens litus, Ta.—Because soiled garments were a sign of mourning, to go in mourning, wear the garb of grief : squalebat civitas veste mutatā: squalent municipia.
Origins
From squālor (“dirtiness”).