verbthird conjugation
spargō
spargō (present infinitive spargere, perfect active sparsī, supine sparsum)
Classical[ˈspar.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈspar.ɡo]
№ 532 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to scatter, strew, sprinkle, sparkle
Sparserat et laticēs simulātōs fontis Avernī, [...].
[The priestess] also had sprinkled the supposed waters of Avernus’ spring, ….29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.512[...] ara castis vincta verbenis avet immolato spargier agno; [...]
… the altar decorated with fresh foliage yearns to be sprinkled with [blood from] a sacrificed lamb; …23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina IV.11 - to throw here and there, cast, hurl, throw about
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
multa parva lātē iaciō; agricola sēmina spargit.spargō -ere — in Mille Verba, Rūs et Agrīcultūra
hūc illūc iaciōspargō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 19
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Passi · Prolixi · Sparsi
Passi capilli denotes loose hair, in opp. to cohibiti nodo; whereas prolixi capilli denotes hair suffered to hang down, in opp. to religati in verticem; lastly, sparsi capilli denotes dishevelled hair, in opp. to pexi. (vi. 258.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | spargō | spargēbam | spargam | sparsī | sparseram | sparserō |
| 2nd sg. | spargis | spargēbās | spargēs | sparsistī | sparserās | sparseris |
| 3rd sg. | spargit | spargēbat | sparget | sparsit | sparserat | sparserit |
| 1st pl. | spargimus | spargēbāmus | spargēmus | sparsimus | sparserāmus | sparserimus |
| 2nd pl. | spargitis | spargēbātis | spargētis | sparsistis | sparserātis | sparseritis |
| 3rd pl. | spargunt | spargēbant | spargent | sparsērunt sparsēre | sparserant | sparserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | spargam | spargerem | sparserim | sparsissem |
| 2nd sg. | spargās | spargerēs | sparserīs | sparsissēs |
| 3rd sg. | spargat | spargeret | sparserit | sparsisset |
| 1st pl. | spargāmus | spargerēmus | sparserīmus | sparsissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | spargātis | spargerētis | sparserītis | sparsissētis |
| 3rd pl. | spargant | spargerent | sparserint | sparsissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | spargor | spargēbar | spargar |
| 2nd sg. | spargeris spargere | spargēbāris spargēbāre | spargēris spargēre |
| 3rd sg. | spargitur | spargēbātur | spargētur |
| 1st pl. | spargimur | spargēbāmur | spargēmur |
| 2nd pl. | spargiminī | spargēbāminī | spargēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sparguntur | spargēbantur | spargentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | spargar | spargerer |
| 2nd sg. | spargāris spargāre | spargerēris spargerēre |
| 3rd sg. | spargātur | spargerētur |
| 1st pl. | spargāmur | spargerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | spargāminī | spargerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | spargantur | spargerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sparge | spargere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | spargite | spargiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | spargitō | spargitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | spargitō | spargitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | spargitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sparguntō | sparguntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | spargere | spargī spargier |
| perfect infinitive | sparsisse | sparsum esse |
| future infinitive | sparsūrum esse | sparsum īrī |
| present participle | spargēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | sparsus sparsa, sparsā, sparsae, sparsam, sparsārum, sparsās, sparse, sparsīs, sparsō, sparsōrum, sparsōs |
| future participle | sparsūrus sparsūra, sparsūrā, sparsūrae, sparsūram, sparsūrārum, sparsūrās, sparsūre, sparsūrī, sparsūrīs, sparsūrō, sparsūrōrum, sparsūrōs, sparsūrum | spargendus spargundus, spargenda, spargendā, spargendae, spargendam, spargendārum, spargendās, spargende, spargendīs, spargendōrum, spargendōs |
gerundspargendī, spargendō, spargendumsupinesparsum, sparsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- rumorem spargere
- to spread a rumour.
- serere; semen spargere
- to sow.
spargo, si, sum, 3 (old
I. inf. spargier, Hor. C. 4, 11, 8), v. a. Sanscr. root sparç, to touch, sprinkle; M. H. Germ. Sprengen; cf. Gr. σπείρω, to strew, throw here and there, cast, hurl, or throw about, scatter; to bestrew; to sprinkle, spatter, wet; to bespatter, bedew, moisten, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. sero).
I. Lit., in gen.:
semen, Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50: semina, id. Div. 1, 3, 6; Quint. 1, 3, 5; 2, 9, 3; Ov. M. 5, 647: humi, mortalia semina, dentes, id. ib. 3, 105: per humum, nova semina, dentes, id. ib. 4, 573: vipereos dentes in agros, id. ib. 7, 122: nummos populo de Rostris, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: venena, id. Cat. 2, 10, 23: nuces, Verg. E. 8, 30: flores, id. A. 6, 884; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 14: rosas, id. C. 3, 19, 22: frondes, id. ib. 3, 18, 14: hastati spargunt hastas, cast or hurl about, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 287 Vahl.): hastas, id. ap. Macr. 6, 4: tela, Verg. A. 12, 51; Ov. M. 12, 600: harenam pedibus, Verg. E. 3, 87; id. A. 9, 629 et saep.—Absol.: sagittarius cum funditore utrimque spargunt, hurl, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1.—B. Esp., of liquids, to sprinkle, scatter:
umorem passim toto terrarum in orbi, Lucr. 6, 629: cruorem, id. 2, 195: per totam domum aquas, Hor. Epod. 5, 26 et saep.—II. Transf., to bestrew, strew, scatter upon:
spargite humum foliis, bestrew, strew, Verg. E. 5, 40; so, virgulta fimo pingui, id. G. 2, 347: molā caput salsā, Hor. S. 2, 3, 200: gruem sale multo, id. ib. 2, 8, 87: (jus) croco, id. ib. 2, 4, 68: umerum capillis, id. C. 3, 20, 14: tempora canis, Ov. M. 8, 567 al.—2. To besprinkle, sprinkle, moisten, wet, etc.: saxa spargens tabo, sanie et sanguine atro, sprinkling, wetting, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107; id. Pis. 19, 43 (Trag. v. 414 Vahl.):
aras sanguine multo quadrupedum, Lucr. 5, 1202: aram immolato agno, Hor. C. 4, 11, 8: ora genasque lacrimis, Lucr. 2, 977: debitā lacrimā favillam amici, Hor. C. 2, 6, 23: corpus fluviali lymphā, Verg. A. 4, 635: proximos umore oris, Quint. 11, 3, 56 et saep.: anguis aureis maculis sparsus, sprinkled over, spotted, flecked, Liv. 41, 21, 13: sparsā, non convolutā canitie, Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55: capreoli sparsis etiam nunc pellibus albo, Verg. E. 2, 41: tectum nitidius, aure aut coloribus sparsum, covered over, Sen. Ben. 4, 6, 2; cf.: priscis sparsa tabellis Livia Porticus, Ov. A. A. 1, 71: sparso ore, adunco naso, with a spotty or freckled face, * Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 18.—Absol.: exi, Dave, Age, sparge: mundum esse hoc vestibulum volo, sprinkle, * Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 4: verrite aedes, spargite, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 183 P. (Com. Rel. p. 130 Rib.): qui verrunt, qui spargunt, Cic. Par. 5, 2, 37.—B. To scatter, separate, disperse, divide, spread out (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. dispergere, dissipare):
omnibus a rebus ... Perpetuo fluere ac mitti spargique necesse est Corpora, Lucr. 6, 922: res sparsas et vage disjectas diligenter eligere, Auct. Her. 4, 2, 3: (aper) spargit canes, Ov. M. 8, 343: corpora, id. ib. 7, 442: sparsus silebo, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1394: sparsam tempestate classem vidit, Liv. 37, 13: sparsi per vias speculatores, id. 9, 23: exercitum spargi per provincias, Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.: (natura) sparsit haec (cornua) in ramos, Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123: fulgentes radios in orbem (gemma), id. 37, 10, 67, § 181: (Sicoris) Spargitur in sulcos, Luc. 4, 142: spargas tua prodigus, you dissipate, squander, waste, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 195: stare et spargere sese hastis, scatter, disperse, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 154 Vahl.): se in fugam passim spargere, Liv 33, 15, 15: saepe solet scintilla suos se spargere in ignes (shortly before, dissilire and dividi), Lucr. 4, 606: Rhenus ab septentrione in lacus, ab occidente in amnem Mosam se spargit, Plin. 4, 15, 29, § 101: magnum ab Argis Alciden, to separate, part, Val. Fl. 5, 488: sparsis consumptisque fratribus bello intestinae discordiae, Just. 27, 3, 1.—III. Trop.
A. In gen., to distribute, spread abroad, spread, extend:
animos in corpora humana, Cic. Sen. 21, 77: omnia spargere ac disseminare, id. Arch. 12, 30: sparserat Argolicas nomen vaga Fama per urbes Theseos, Ov. M. 8, 267: genera enim tractamus in species multas sese spargentia, Plin. 21, 8, 22, § 45: spargit legiones, nova cottidie bello semina ministrat, Tac. H. 2, 76: vestigia fugae, Curt. 5, 13, 18.—B. In partic.
1. Of speech, to intersperse, interpose, insert a word or words; of a report or rumor, to spread or noise abroad, to circulate, report (so perh. not ante-Aug.;
syn. dissemino): cum vigilans Quartae esto partis Ulixes Audieris heres: Ergo nunc Dama sodalis Nusquam est? etc.... Sparge subinde, break in with, Hor. S. 2, 5, 103; cf.' libris actorum spargere gaudes Argumenta viri, Juv. 9, 84; Quint. 8, 3, 53: spargere voces In vulgum ambiguas, Verg. A. 2, 98: suspitiones, Quint. 7, 2, 12: in parentes crimina, id. 9, 2, 80: fama spargitur, Stat. Th. 9, 33.—Pass. impers., with obj.-clause: spargebatur insuper, Albinum insigne regis et Jubae nomen usurpare, Tac. H. 2, 58 fin. —2. Pregn., of time:
satis multum temporis sparsimus, wasted, consumed aimlessly, Sen. Ep. 19, 1.—Hence, sparsus, a, um, P. a., spread open or out: sparsior racemus, Plin. 16, 34, 62, § 146: uberior Nilo, generoso sparsior istro, Ven. Vit. S. Mart. 1, 129.spargo, ĭnis, f. 1. spargo,
I. a sprinkling, spray: salis, Ven. Ep. ad Felic. 3.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
spargō sī, sus, ere
SPARC-, to strew, throw here and there, cast, hurl, throw about, scatter, sprinkle : semen: per humum, nova semina, dentes, O.: nummos populo de Rostris: flores, V.: rosas, H.: tela, hurl , V.— To bestrew, strew, scatter upon : humum foliis, V.: molā caput salsā, H.: umerum capillis, H.— To besprinkle, sprinkle, moisten, wet : saxa tabo, Enn. ap. C.: aram immolato agno, H.: anguis aureis maculis sparsus, flecked , L.: priscis sparsa tabellis Porticus Livia, O.: sparso ore, freckled , T.— To scatter, separate, disperse, divide, spread out : (aper) spargit canes, O.: sparsi per vias speculatores, L.: spargas tua prodigus, dissipate , H.—Fig., to distribute, spread abroad, spread, extend, disseminate : animos in corpora humana: nomen per urbīs Theseos, O.: vestigia fugae, Cu.: voces In volgum, V.—Esp., of speech, to intersperse, interpose : Sparge subinde (with direct quotation), keep interspersing , H.
Origins
Disputed. Often derived from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *sperh₂g- and connected with Ancient Greek σφαραγέομαι (spharagéomai, “to hiss, crackle”), Sanskrit स्फूर्जति (sphūrjati, “to roar, thunder”), Old Norse spraka (“to crackle”), and Lithuanian spὶrgti (“to hiss”), from which Proto-Indo-European *spregʰ- has been reconstructed. However, De Vaan doubts this etymology, arguing that the semantics are unconvincing and that, phonologically, *CrHC should yield *CrāC in Latin. Instead, Schrijver and De Vaan suggests that the term may derive from a g-extension to the root *sper- (“to scatter, strew”), whence also perhaps Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō).
Insular Romance
- Sardinianispàlghere
- Sardinianisparghere
- Sardinianispàrgiri
- Sardinianispràghere
- Sardinianspàrgiri
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanespargir
- Frenchépardrefrom Old French espardre
- Englishspargefrom Old French espardre
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniansparge
- Romanianspargere
- Aromanianspargu
- Aromanianaspargu
- Aromanianaspardziri
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueseespargir
- Spanishesparcir
- Asturianesparder
- Galicianesparexer
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianspargere
- Venetanspàrxer